H.D.B和毛自动生产流水线

比利时H.D.B公司所制造的和毛自动生产流水线用于粗梳毛纺或半精梳毛纺。 其流程是 纤维从原料仓分别喂入数台自 动混毛斗,被自动称重后的纤维落 在一条水平混毛帘子上。在混毛帘 上预混并喂入开毛机,再经除杂机 和纤维凝聚器(凝聚器在需要时 用),用气流由管道将纤维输到储 毛仓(在这里加和毛油),储毛仓 内有可往复移动的伸缩节将纤维进 行铺层(图1)。一套流水线有两只 储毛仓可交替使用。当一毛仓铺满 后,另一毛仓开始铺层,此时用一 带有角钉斜帘的放空小车,渐渐开进满毛仓内(图2),依靠角钉斜帘取走纤维,并用气流由管道将纤维直接输往梳…     

20.83 tex/2羊绒精纺梳毛工艺研究

介绍了20.83 tex/2羊绒精纺中梳毛工艺的改善。在梳毛机隔距和速比一定的情况下,考虑梳毛机的喂入量、喂入周期、道夫速度及和绒回潮率4个因素,设计正交试验,对梳毛机的出条重量、出条重量不匀率及毛粒进行测试,得出出条重量与喂入量之间的函数关系,以及20.83 tex/2羊绒精纺梳毛最佳工艺方案为喂入量385g/次,喂入周期53s,道夫速度25m/min,和绒回潮率26%。     

梳毛机气流喂毛

上海第十七毛纺厂的毛条车间有一套老英式梳毛设备,其中有梳毛机七台。原料经过喂毛机开毛,用风管输出,在输出管中加油,然后用人工抱入梳毛机的喂毛机内。该厂学习了毛纺、棉纺兄弟厂的经验,经过设计改造,于1977年四季度实现了和毛、梳毛连续化,采用了管道气流喂毛,原料喂入喂毛机、和毛机进入管道,在管道中加油,由气流输送,自动分配到各机的储毛箱。储毛箱可根据喂毛量的需要调整喂入量。他们目前暂采取两种形式:一种是由储毛箱喂入梳毛机的喂毛机内;一种是由储毛箱直接喂入梳毛机的喂毛帘,取消了梳毛机的喂毛机,这样对喂毛量及喂毛速度均作了相应的调整。梳毛机气流喂毛投产后,机械化     

FB系列组合式半精纺梳理制条成套设备的研发

介绍了近几年半精纺工艺的发展及梳理成套设备的组成特点和结构创新性能.该套设备主要包括和毛机、自动混料机、风机、棉箱、梳理制条机等,可组合成十几种工艺流程供用户选择.其主要任务是将经过和毛机处理并加入和毛油的羊绒、兔毛、天丝、粘胶等天然或人造纤维、化学纤维进行细致混和、分梳、除杂,并聚合成一定克重的生条,供后道工序使用.此梳理成套设备适应原料广,喂入出条均匀,生产效率高,机电一体化程度较高,用工少,在整个半精纺工艺流程中起到关键的作用.     

CITME‘94展出的毛纺设备

ＣＩＴＭＥ’９４展出的毛纺设备ＷｏｏｌＳｐｉｎｎｉｎｇＥｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔａｔＣＩＴＭＥ’９４中国纺织科学研究院张希红一、和毛系统和毛系统一般由开包、喂入、开松、除杂、混毛、加油几部分组成。采用平铺直取原理设计混毛仓和自动清仓机，使原料混合完成自动化，...     

选毛开松过程中的尘杂治理

对选毛、开松除杂过程中粉尘扩散、车间空气中含尘浓度超标、开毛机排除的尘杂黏附力过大难以清除等问题进行了分析,提出了改进措施,并认为这些措施的实施对降低车间的空气含尘浓度、改善工作环境是有效可行的.     

羊毛及回毛的几种加工设备

法国Llaroche公司最近推出了几种对羊毛和回毛的开松、除尘和混合的设备: ●开清毛机:该机是为洗毛前原毛的开松除杂而设计的。开清毛机包含喂给系统—两个喂入罗拉和两个开毛罗拉,它们在多孔板土方运转,可容易地清除部分杂质。砂子、灰尘和植物性杂质落到多孔板下面,藉气流作用或输土器聚在一起后排出。     

梳毛机电子喂毛系统的开发与应用

针对传统的机械式喂毛机原料喂入控制精度的局限,在研究喂毛过程特点及工艺原理的基础上,研制电子称重喂毛系统,通过采用电子称重,喂毛速度智能控制技术及采用喂毛补偿方法提高喂入均匀度,以有效改善下机粗纱条干。实际应用表明,该电子喂毛系统喂入精度高,稳定性好,能显著提高企业产品质量。     

国产毛纺机械

一、FTW－1型自调匀整式数控喂毛机由青岛胶南纺机厂展出。它可与精、粗纺梳毛机配套使用，是微机控制电子称量式喂毛，采用平推式称量推毛机构，自调匀整式喂入，自动优化喂毛周期，称重精度士1克。其喂毛机斜帘、平帘及剥毛辊采用交流变频调速，具有工艺参数设定功能。如称重、定重、称左右称重量最大不对称值等，并能被自动检测、记录和显示。附设故障自诊断及报警功能，如喂料量不足、喂入超时，称左右称量不对称超限，推毛超时未到位，推毛复位超时未到位、热继电器动作，变频器故障等。主要技术参数，机幅1．5米、喂毛斗喂入量1～4…     

T/CF散纤维连续染洗烘设备──意大利伊尔马(ILMA)公司制造

本机适用于天然散纤维和人造散纤维的染色、洗涤和烘干,由喂毛斗,开拓与除尘,轧染辊,蒸箱,自动喂料斗,洗槽,烘房等部分组成(如图示) 1.喂毛斗:自动化,直立式,装有车轮可以移动。喂入散纤维包括三部分: ①铁枢大容量毛斗,易于移开以便清洁输毛帘; ②连续转动帘在毛斗内运动,实际上也起到混合作用; ③带斜钉的木制斜帘,可防止短毛下落。斜布上的纤维由一只偏心运动的斩刀使其喂入均匀,它与帘子的距离可以调节。 原料的送出由另一只偏心运动的斩刀进行,它是根据输毛帘的位置加以调节的。斩刀上,还有一个特殊装置保证将很长的散纤维完全剥下。以…     

Novel feeds—a review of experiments at our Institute

Incorporation of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin gene or the glufosinate (phosphinothricin) tolerance (Pat) gene into the genetic construction of maize and sugar-beets did not significantly affect chemical composition and digestibility of crude nutrients and has no consequences on energy content, as demonstrated. This is supported by results from feeding trials carried out with poultry, pigs and ruminants. Although the rations were formulated to have high incorporation rates of transgenic or alternatively isogenic feedstuffs, their production power did not differ. From the nutritional point of view the results confirm the thesis that these types of genetic modifications (first generation of GM-plants without substantial changes in composition) do not significantly affect chemical composition and energetic feeding value. Fragments of plant DNA could be detected in some animal tissues (e.g. muscle from chicken), but fragments of transgenic DNA were not found.     

Modifications to the neutral detergent cellulase digestibility method for the prediction of the metabolisable energy of compound feedstuffs containing palm kernel meal

Abstract : Practical use of the prediction equation for metabolisable energy (ME) of ruminant feeds, which resulted from a study commissioned by the UK Agriculture Industry in 1986 (MAFF 1990), has produced low predictions for feeding stuffs containing palm kernel meal. This was found to be due to the presence of galactomannans which are not readily hydrolysed by the enzymes in the cellulase preparation used in the second stage of the neutral-detergent cellulase digestibility method. An additional commercially available enzyme, Gamanase, was identified as capable of hydrolysing these compounds. Whilst Gamanase was active at the same temperature and pH range as cellulase it was found necessary to extend the incubation period from 24h to 40h to achieve adequate agreement with in-vivo digestibility. Experiments showed that the modifications to the method had no significant effect on the predicted ME for feeding-stuffs not containing palm kernel meal.     

The biological effectiveness of wood modified with linear chain carboxylic acid anhydrides against the subterranean termites Reticulitermes flavipes

The work described in this paper has demonstrated that chemically modified Corsican pine sapwood with a homologous series of linear chain carboxylic acid anhydrides provided bioprotection against the subterranean termites Reticulitermes flavipes. By varying the reaction time, various levels of modifications were obtained. There was no significant reduction in feeding above 16% WPG (weight percent gain due to modification), suggesting that modification to WPGs greater than this did not offer additional protection. The type of anhydride employed has little influence on resistance against termites.     

Effect of feed on the composition of milk fat.

Researchers attending the Wisconsin Milk Board 1988 Milk Fat Roundtable indicated that the ideal nutritional milk fat would contain 10% polyunsaturated fatty acids, 8% saturated fatty acids, and 82% monounsaturated fatty acids. This cannot be accomplished by modifying diets of lactating cows. Monounsaturated fatty acid (C18:1) content can be increased by 50 to 80% and may approach 50% of milk fatty acids by feeding lipids rich in 18-carbon fatty acids. Because of ruminal hydrogenation and intestinal and mammary desaturase activity, degree of unsaturation of dietary 18-carbon fatty acids is not critical in influencing milk fat C18:1. Feeding low roughage diets increases the proportion of C18:1 in milk fat, and effects of feeding low roughage diets and lipid may be additive. Palmitic acid (C16:0) content of milk fat can be reduced by 20 to 40% unless the supplemented lipid is rich in C16:0. Milk fat alteration is dependent on the level of lipid supplementation. Limited evidence indicates frequency of lipid feeding and physical form of oil (free oil vs. oilseed), and heat treatment of oilseeds has relatively little influence on modification of milk fat. Significant changes in milk fat composition can be achieved on farm via nutritional modifications.     

Short communication: Assessment of the potential of cinnamaldehyde, condensed tannins, and saponins to modify milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows

This study was conducted to determine whether feeding cinnamaldehyde (main component of cinnamon bark essential oil; Cinnamon cassia), condensed tannins from quebracho trees (Schinopsis balansae), or saponins from Yucca schidigera altered the milk fatty acid profile of dairy cows. For this purpose, 4 lactating cows were used in 4 × 4 Latin square design (28-d period) and fed a total mixed ration containing no additive (control), or supplemented with cinnamaldehyde (1 g/d; CIN), quebracho condensed tannin extract (150 g/d; 70% of tannins; QCT), or Yucca schidigera saponin extract (60 g/d; 10% of saponins; YSE). Results revealed no effects of feeding CIN or QCT on milk fatty acid profile. Supplementation with YSE resulted in some modifications of milk fatty acid profile as suggested by the reduced proportions of C6:0 (2.71 vs. 2.95%), C8:0 (1.66 vs. 1.89%), and trans-11 C18:1 (0.92 vs. 1.01%). Results show low potential of cinnamaldehyde, condensed tannins, and saponins to alter ruminal biohydrogenation process and modify the fatty acid profile of milk fat at the feeding rates used in this study. Further investigations are needed to determine the factors that limit the effects of these secondary metabolites on ruminal microbial populations involved in the biohydrogenation processes of unsaturated fatty acids.     

Effect of Hard Red Spring Wheat Bran on the Bioavailability of Lipid-Soluble Vitamins and Growth of Rats Fed for 56 Days

Semipurified diets containing either 0, 5 or 20% wheat bran were fed ad libitum to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Significant increases in weights (P < 0.05) were found for the stomach, 32.6 ± 8.7%, and for the large intestine, 14.5 ± 4.8%, in rats fed 20% wheat bran compared to the control rats fed 0% wheat bran. Wheat bran consumption had no effect on plasma vitamin E or plasma vitamin A levels after 56 days of feeding; however, plasma vitamin A and vitamin E levels were shown to decline after 6 weeks and 5 weeks respectively, on the wheat bran diets. These studies suggest that some metabolic modifications induced by dietary wheat bran undergo reversible adaptations that are time dependent.     

论清梳联喂棉箱的不足与创新

在分析逆向喂棉的清梳联喂棉箱开松原棉时对纤维损伤较大,不利于纺高档纱、细号纱的基础上,针对目前逆向喂棉的清梳联喂棉箱已不能满足高档纱、细号纱对原棉的要求,同时也不适应清梳联高产化的要求;提出顺向喂棉的清梳联喂棉箱的设计方案。说明新方案棉流顺畅,可减少短绒,从而提高成纱质量,并能通过加宽机幅来适应清梳联高产化要求。     

Aspects of Infant Food Formulation

ABSTRACT: Milk is a biological fluid of exceptional complexity. It contains the nutrients for the growth and development of the newborn. The compositional structure of milk is, however, dependent on the species and tailored to sustain growth and development of its own offspring. Human milk contains specific proteins, lipids, and other components designed to be easily digestible and which have important roles to play in child development. Human infants should ideally be nursed on mother's milk, which constitutes nature's best food. However, in the event of lactation failure, insufficient milk secretion, and where mothers are suffering from transmittable diseases, human milk substitutes serve as savers of precious life during vulnerable stages of infancy. Bovine milk as such or with certain modifications has been widely used for infant feeding. There has been an ever‐increasing reliance on formula feeding practices both in developed and developing countries. Bovine milk based dried formulations have become a prominent feature of infantile dietetics. Emphasis has been laid on the manufacture of formulations having compositional and biochemical characteristics similar to human milk. The technological advancement for the production of infant formula has come a long way in the manufacture of a variety of infant formulae for the dietary management of infants. This is a comprehensive review providing insight on the detailed compositional differences of various nutrients present in human milk as compared to bovine milk, their makeup, significance, and recommended levels of intake that are best suited for the growth and development of infants fed on modified/prepared infant formulations.     

不同喂养方式对婴幼儿肠道菌群多样性影响的研究进展

近些年的研究发现婴幼儿肠道菌群与众多机体的病理相关,其肠道内栖息着数量巨大的微生物,其中占据主导地位的是细菌,其在维持内环境稳态、调节能量代谢等方面发挥着复杂的作用,因此,婴幼儿肠道微生态的合理建立尤为重要。影响婴幼儿肠道菌群的因素有很多,其中喂养方式对婴幼儿肠道菌群结构有明显的影响。关于喂养方式对婴幼儿肠道菌群多样性影响的研究甚少,故本文结合近些年国内外关于喂养方式与婴幼儿肠道菌群的研究,综述了婴幼儿肠道菌群的建立与演替,以及婴幼儿肠道菌群的生理功能,同时,讨论了不同喂养方式(母乳喂养、配方奶粉喂养、混合喂养)下婴幼儿肠道微生态的差异,以期为研发适用于婴幼儿喂养方式的研究中提供一定的理论指导依据。     

转杯纺纱机纺纱器给棉板加压片弹簧压力探讨

为保证转杯纺纱机给棉板和给棉罗拉对棉条具有一定的握持力,确保棉条被分梳辊匀速抓取并且不损伤棉纤维,介绍给棉板加压弹簧的结构、作用,分析影响其压力的因素并进行测试。指出:影响纺纱质量的主要因素是转杯、假捻盘、分梳辊以及给棉板与给棉罗拉对纱条产生的握持力;试验表明配置苏拉式纺纱器时,在加压片弹簧其他尺寸不能改变的条件下,厚度为A_0~(+0.2)mm的片弹簧对纱条产生最佳握持力,能保证纱条均匀输送给分梳辊抓取且分梳充分,从而消除因压力问题产生的条干不匀和粗细节,提高成纱质量。