世界辣椒红色素的历史、现状及发展趋向

本文对世界辣椒红色素(Paprika Oleoresin)的历史、现状和发展趋向进行了详细的分析与总结，列出了目前世界辣椒红色素的主要产地、国家、主要生产厂商，并着重对南非(South Africa)、摩洛哥(Morocco)、津巴布韦(Zimbabwe)、匈牙利(Hungary)、印度(India)、西班牙(spain)和中国(China)的辣椒红色素进行了分析讨论，提出了中国辣椒红色素的产业发展的策略和取向。本文首次从世界区域性范围对辣椒红色素进行评述，引用大量国内外最新资料，对辣椒红色素的科研、生产和产业发展具有很高的参考价值。     

辣椒红色素提取方法研究进展

介绍了辣椒红色素的结构性质，对辣椒红色素的提取方法和稳定性进行了综述。同时对辣椒红色素的应用前景进行了展望。     

辣椒红色素提取方法研究进展

本文介绍了辣椒红色素的结构性质,对辣椒红色素的提取方法和稳定性进行了综述;同时对辣椒红色素的应用前景进行了展望.     

辣椒红色素的纯化实验研究

针对成品辣椒红色素仍含有大量的脂肪酸类物质,对辣椒红色素的品质和色价影响较大等问题,本篇实验研究通过对除辣后的辣椒红色素进行酸洗和碱炼的探索,进行酸洗-碱炼新工艺的整合,达到对辣椒红色素的纯化,提高辣椒红色素的品质,采用0.2%浓度的磷酸将辣椒红色素在60℃下酸洗,离心分离后,采用4.5%NaOH溶液在45℃下碱炼并用丙酮萃取,使辣椒红色素色价从149.17提高至297.07。     

红辣椒果皮的综合开发利用

红辣椒果皮的综合开发利用伍明，王杰，任仲皎，詹国庆中南民族学院化学系（武昌）４３００７４１前言近年来全国陆续上马了一批辣椒红色素生产厂家，均以干红辣椒为原料提取天然辣椒红色素，但其副产品辣椒果皮残渣使企业负起了沉重的包袱［２］。国内大多数辣椒红色素生...     

辣椒红色素提取与分离纯化工艺研究进展

辣椒红色素是一种天然色素,因其具有色泽鲜艳、无毒副作用等优点被广泛应用于食品、化妆品和医药等业。该文介绍辣椒红色素提取、分离纯化工艺技术研究进展,并对辣椒红色素发展前景进行展望。     

有机溶剂提取辣椒红色素新工艺的研究

目的 探索有机溶剂提取辣椒红色素新的工艺条件,以获得高色价的辣椒红色素.方法 先用有机溶剂浸提粉碎的干辣椒粉;然后皂化处理浸提物,比较辣椒红色素在不同温度、时间、溶剂浓度下提取的效果;最后用硅胶柱层析进行精制分离.结果 确定了皂化的最佳条件是:提取的有机溶剂为10%NaOH醇溶液,70℃下皂化4 h可有效除去辣椒红色素粗品中的杂质,经过硅胶柱层析精制分离,可得到色价大于600的辣椒红色素.结论 在提取辣椒红色素的工艺中,皂化前处理对提高色价有很好的效果.     

有机溶剂提取辣椒红色素新工艺的研究

目的 探索有机溶剂提取辣椒红色素新的工艺条件,以获得高色价的辣椒红色素.方法 先用有机溶剂浸提粉碎的干辣椒粉;然后皂化处理浸提物,比较辣椒红色素在不同温度、时间、溶剂浓度下提取的效果;最后用硅胶柱层析进行精制分离.结果 确定了皂化的最佳条件是:提取的有机溶剂为10%NaOH醇溶液,70℃下皂化4 h可有效除去辣椒红色素粗品中的杂质,经过硅胶柱层析精制分离,可得到色价大于600的辣椒红色素.结论 在提取辣椒红色素的工艺中,皂化前处理对提高色价有很好的效果.     

辣椒红色素稳定性的初步研究

研究利用微波辅助有机溶剂法从红辣椒中提取了辣椒红色素,探讨了其在不同条件下稳定性变化的程度与规律,为其进一步开发应用打下了理论基础.结果表明:应用微波辅助有机溶剂法提取辣椒红素是完全可行的,所得产品的光谱特性及主要特征吸收峰均与辣椒红色素标准图谱基本吻合;辣椒红色素在90℃以下的稳定性较好,但辣椒红色素的耐光性较差,在自然光照条件下色素易分解,建议采用不透明材料包装产品进行避光保存.此外,pH值对辣椒红色素稳定性的影响较小;除Fe3+离子对辣椒红色素的稳定性有影响外,Ca2+、K+和Na+离子对辣椒红色素的稳定性无明显影响,且具有一定的护色效果,故最好避免Fe3+离子的介入.     

三相盐析萃取分离辣椒红色素和辣椒碱及不同辣椒品种的聚类分析

建立高效液相色谱法测定三相盐析萃取体系(石油醚-乙腈-K2HPO4)分离辣椒中辣椒红色素和辣椒碱的方法。在确立三相盐析体系组成的基础上,考察超声温度、超声时间和萃取方式对目标产物分离的影响,以辣椒红色素和辣椒碱的提取量为指标,通过响应面法优化确定最优萃取分离条件为超声温度45℃、超声时间10 min,蒸馏水、K_2HPO_4、乙腈和石油醚质量分数分别为44%、20%、20%和16%,三相混合溶剂处理辣椒样品粉末后,辣椒红色素和辣椒碱分别富集于溶液的上相和中相,用高效液相色谱分别对两萃取相中目标物浓度进行分析。结果表明,最优条件下辣椒红色素和辣椒碱提取量较高分别为0.263 mg/g和1.412 mg/g。此方法可快捷、高效萃取分离辣椒中辣椒红色素和辣椒碱。并对33种不同品种辣椒样品中的辣椒红色素和辣椒碱含量进行测定,通过聚类分析对不同辣椒品种进行评价,为辣椒品种的鉴定及培育提供理论基础。     

Identification and changes in the higher fatty acids of dried red pepper and red pepper powder

Summary The higher fatty acids of dried red pepper of the variety of Gorogled were identified by gas chromatography with using help of authentic compounds. Their amounts were determined using on absolute calibration method.The following acids were established: lauric, myrastic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic,arachidic and behenic acids. The results obtained from the quantitative measurements showed that linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acids amounted to 80% of the total acids.The quantitative changes of identified acids in red pepper, of dried at 60°, 70°, 80° and 90 °C red pepper and stored as dried red pepper and red pepper powder over a 6-months period investigated.The results show that under the drying temperatures applied the amount of all fatty acids decreased with an increase in the temperature. During a storage a period of 3 months the amount of the respective acids decreased while the process was the most expressed in red pepper dried at a temperature of t = 70 °C.After a 6-months storage period under the drying condition applied the dried red pepper contained a greater amount of fatty acids compared with stored for 3 months.

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Identifikation und Veränderungen der höheren Fettsäuren von gemahlenem Paprika und von getrockneten ungemahlenen Paprikaschoten

Zusammenfassung Es wurden gaschromatographisch mit Hilfe von Vergleichsubstanzen die höheren Fettsäuren, die im gemahlenen Paprika (Sorte Gorogled) enthalten sind, identifiziert. Die Mengen wurden nach der Methode der absoluten Kalibrierung bestimmt. Es wurden folgende Säuren festgestellt: Laurinsäure, Myristin-, Palmitin-, Palmitoolein-, Stearin-, Olein-, Linol-, Linolen-, Arachin- und Behensäure. Die quantitativen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Menge der Linolen-, Linol- und Palmitinsäure 80% der Gesamtsäurenmenge darstellt. Es wurden die quantitativen Veränderungen der Fettsäuren von Paprika (Sorte Gorogled) bei Temperaturen von 60 °, 70 °, 80 ° und 90 °C, getrocknet und als getrockneter ungemahlener bzw.gemahlener Paprika, gelagert und innerhalb von 6 Monaten in Abständen von 3 Monaten verfolgt. Bei den angewendeten Trocknungstemperaturen nimmt die Menge der einzelnen Fettsäuren in dem getrockneten ungemahlenen Paprika mit Erhöhung der Trocknungstemperatur ab. Die Lagerung des getrockneten ungemahlenen Paprikas innerhalb von 3 Monaten führt zur Abnahme der einzelnen Fettsäuren, wobei dieser Prozeß am stärksten bei einer Trocknungstemperatur von 70 °C verläuft. Nach einer 6monatigen Lagerung des getrockneten und ungemahlenen Paprikas, nach Trocknung und bei den o. g. vier Temperaturen, ist die Menge der Fettsäuren höher im Vergleich zu jener der Fettsäuren in getrocknetem ungemahlenem Paprika nach 3 Monaten. Nach 3 Monaten enthält der gemahlene Paprika weniger Fettsäuren als der getrocknete und ungemahlene Paprika.

     

微波辅助提取辣椒红色素

采用有机溶剂从辣椒中提取红色素，对不同温度、不同时间下的色素提取率进行测试，以确定最佳提取条件：同时在微波作用下从辣椒中提取辣椒红素，以辣椒红素的收率为指标，运用正交法确定了乙醇超声提取辣椒红素的最佳条件为：料液比为1：8，超声时间为12min，超声波功率为600W。与浸提法比较，超声提取极大地缩短了提取时间．而且收率有明显提高。     

Influence of the paprika type on redness loss in red line meat products

Paprika, with its high colourant power (measured in ASTA units), imparts higher initial redness to fresh red sausage and fresh chorizo (red line meat products). This higher degree of redness (measured according to the red–green component, a∗, and spectrophotometric colour units) is maintained until the end of the products’ shelf life. However, the pasteurization necessary to reduce the microbial load of paprika can cause alterations to its stability. The addition of natural antioxidants to pasteurized paprika (rosemary extract) was seen to maintain the colour levels of meat products throughout their shelf life. Differences in the colour of meat batches elaborated with paprika of different colourant power could be detected by consumers in a hedonistic test, who evaluated the colour positively.     

响应面法优化脂质体包埋辣椒红色素的研究

辣椒红色素是一种天然食用色素,有着安全、营养价值高的优点,但较差的稳定性限制了它在食品中的应用。利用脂质体技术包埋辣椒红色素可以提高它的稳定性。研究了辣椒红色素脂质体的制备过程中影响包封率的几个因素,并通过响应面分析方法优化了制备条件。结果表明:脂药比(卵磷脂∶辣椒红色素)、超声时间和有机溶剂加入量是影响包封率的主要因素,其中脂药比和超声时间影响显著。包封率较高的工艺条件为:脂药比22∶1(卵磷脂0.44g,辣椒红色素0.02g)、胆固醇0.03g、超声时间12min、有机溶剂加入量为25mL(氯仿/甲醇=2∶1,v/v)。在此条件下脂质体包封率为98.98%,误差0.16%,重复性较好。     

Physicochemical properties of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) dehydrated with red algae extract

Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) slices were dehydrated with red algae extract (RAE) at a concentration of 30%(w/w) and compared with hot-air dried samples in terms of rehydration ratio, total carotenoid content, ascorbic acid, microstructure, and color. The rehydration ratios of RAE-treated samples were higher than those of hot-air dried samples. The total carotenoid contents of RAE-treated samples were similar to those of fresh paprika and higher than those of hot-air dried paprika. In addition, the ascorbic acid contents of RAE-treated samples were higher and the microstructures of RAE-treated samples were superior to those of hot-air dried samples in terms of cellular matrix. The colors of RAE-treated samples were similar to that of fresh paprika and better than those of hot-air dried samples. These results suggest that paprika can be dehydrated with RAE without loss of functional components or quality.     

辣椒及辣椒提取物中黄曲霉毒素含量的测定及迁移规律分析

利用免疫亲和层析净化高效液相色谱法对印度辣椒和新疆辣椒及其辣椒提取物中的黄曲霉毒素（B1、B2、G1、G2）进行检测及迁移规律分析。结果表明,不同来源的辣椒和辣椒提取物中存在不同程度的黄曲霉毒素B1（0.93～51.53 μg/kg）污染,在辣椒生产过程中,黄曲霉毒素部分迁移到辣椒油树脂当中,辣椒红中几乎没有。这一结果说明生产过程中黄曲霉毒素污染主要来源于辣椒原料且易迁移到辣椒油树脂中。在生产中要控制产品中黄曲霉毒素的污染,首要的是做到控制好原料。     

Carotenoid retention and storage stability of spray-dried encapsulated paprika oleoresin using gum Arabic and Soy protein isolate as wall materials

The performance of gum arabic (GA) and soy protein isolate (SPI) on paprika oleoresin microcapsules preparation and their storage were evaluated. Paprika oleoresin emulsions with a ratio of paprika oleoresin/wall material of 1:4 (w/w) were prepared using high-pressure homogenization, and then spray dried. Both treatments showed that carotenoid retention in the microcapsules increased as inlet air temperature was increased from 160 to 200 °C, and the yellow fraction was more stable than the red fraction at all temperatures tested. Microcapsules with the highest carotenoid retention were stored at different a_w’s at 35 °C. Maximal stability for carotenoid oxidation was found at a_w’s of 0.274 and 0.710 for microcapsules prepared with GA and SPI respectively. In both treatments the lowest carotenoid degradation was associated to the minimum integral entropy zone and affected in the same way to the red and yellow pigments, during storage at 35 °C. Additionally, in contrast to microcapsules prepared with SPI, GA microcapsules were unable to retain their structural integrity at water activities above 0.743.     

超临界流体二氧化碳萃取辣椒籽油初步研究

本文报导了使用超临界流体CO2萃取技术,提取和分离辣椒籽油和辣素的研究。研究采用三因素三水平正交试验方案,考察温度、压力、CO2气速对萃取量和萃取物组成以及油脂组成的影响。结果显示,影响萃取量及组成的主要因素是压力,其次是温度。实验表明,在实验条件下,存在固－流相界面的气膜阻力;调节压力及温度可实现对萃取物的辣素、油脂分离,同时可获得亚油酸含量极高的食用油。     

Characteristics and composition of different seed oils and flours

The nutritional quality and functional properties of paprika seed flour and seed kernel flours of pumpkin and watermelon, and also the characteristics and structure of their seed oils, were studied. Paprika seed and seed kernels of pumpkin and watermelon were rich in oil and protein. All flour samples contained considerable amounts of P, K, Mg, Mn and Ca. Paprika seed flour was superior to watermelon and pumpkin seed kernel flours in contents of lysine and total essential amino acids. Antinutritional compounds, such as stachyose, raffinose, verbascose, trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid and tannins, were detected in all flours. Pumpkin seed kernel flour had higher values of chemical score, essential amino acid index and in-vitro protein digestibility than the other flours examined. The first limiting amino acid was lysine, for both watermelon and pumpkin seed kernel flours, but it was leucine in paprika seed flour. Functional properties were excellent in watermelon and pumpkin seed kernel flours and fairly good in paprika seed flour. Flour samples could be potentially added to food systems such as bakery products and ground meat formulations, not only as a nutrient supplement, but also as a functional agent in these formulations. Oil samples had high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, with linoleic and oleic acids as the major acids. All oil samples could be fractionated into seven classes including triglycerides as a major lipid class. Data obtained for the oils characteristics compare well with those of other edible oils.