鲢鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取及性质分析

通过热水浸提,醋酸酸提及胃蛋白酶促提从鲢鱼皮中提取得到水溶性胶原蛋白(RSC),酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC)和酶溶性胶原蛋白(PSC),并分析其部分性质。鲢鱼皮中RSC,ASC和PSC的得率以湿基计分别为13.2%,11.8%和13.6%;RSC,ASC和PSC的紫外光谱分析表明,其最大吸收峰都接近231 nm,但在280 nm处的吸收很小;傅立叶变换红外光谱结果表明鲢鱼皮胶原蛋白具有特殊的三螺旋结构;SDS-PAGE电泳图谱显示鲢鱼皮胶原蛋白有两条α链(α1和α2)和β链,表明该胶原为典型的I型胶原蛋白;鲢鱼皮RSC,ASC和PSC热变性温度分别为27.1℃,31.3℃和30.5℃。这些结果为进一步研究提供了理论依据。     

斑点叉尾鮰鱼皮胶原蛋白的理化特征研究

选用斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)鱼皮为材料,用乙酸和乙酸-胃蛋白酶,分别提取鱼皮中的酸溶性胶原蛋白(acid-solubilise collagen,ASC)和酶溶性胶原蛋白(pepsin-solubilise collagen,PSC),并对其理化性质特征进行研究研究发现,提取得到的ASC纯度高达93.11％,PSC纯度高达93.46％;紫外吸收分析表明,ASC和PSC的吸收峰值均在233nm处;蛋白图谱中两种胶原蛋白均由两种不同的α链(α1) 2α2组成,具备Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的特征;ASC和PSC的傅里叶红外图谱相似,具有完整的三螺旋结构;ASC的变性温度为34.2℃,PSC的变性温度为33.9℃.     

鹿骨胶原蛋白特性的研究

采用酸和酶提取法从鹿骨中提取酸溶性胶原蛋白（ASC）和胃蛋白酶促溶性胶原蛋白（PSC）,利用紫外扫描、傅立叶变换红外光谱、DSC、SDS-PAGE垂直电泳和氨基酸分析仪,研究了鹿骨胶原蛋白的结构、热收缩温度、相对分子量和氨基酸组成。结果表明：紫外扫描分析,鹿骨的ASC和PSC在234nm处均有强烈吸收,具有胶原蛋白的特性;红外光谱说明胶原纤维保留了大量的三股螺旋结构;经DSC测定,鹿骨的ASC和PSC热收缩温度分别为55℃和58℃。SDS-PAGE电泳显示,胶原蛋白含有3条不同的链,α1、α2和β链。氨基酸分析表明,具有典型胶原蛋白的氨基酸组成。     

梅花鹿角盘胶原蛋白的鉴定及其理化性质

本研究以梅花鹿角盘为原料,利用酸法和酶法提取梅花鹿角盘酸溶性胶原蛋白（ASC）和酶溶性胶原蛋白（PSC）,研究其结构和理化性质,为开发胶原蛋白新资源,提高鹿产品附加值提供理论依据。结果表明,梅花鹿角盘ASC和PSC符合Ⅰ型胶原蛋白氨基酸的特征分布。其中蛋氨酸含量最低,羟基化程度较高,分别为45.69%和46.30%。ASC和PSC至少由两条α链（α1和α2）组成,β链含量较高,并含有少量的γ链。ASC和PSC二级结构相似,均出现酰胺A、B、Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的特征吸收峰,保存着三螺旋结构。ASC和PSC在280 nm处基本无吸收,其最大吸收峰位于219.0 nm和224.0 nm处。ASC和PSC溶液的pH越接近pI值,其溶解性、乳化能力和乳化稳定性越小。当NaCl浓度为0～2 mol/L时,增加盐量可以增大ASC和PSC的溶解性、起泡性;盐浓度在0～0.4 mol/L范围内,能提高ASC和PSC乳化性和乳化稳定性。蛋白浓度0.5%时,两者的乳化稳定性最大,蛋白浓度4%时,两者的乳化稳定性最小。     

不同提取方法对东北林蛙皮胶原蛋白理化特性的影响

以东北林蛙皮为原材料,用乙酸和胃蛋白酶两种方法对其中所含的胶原蛋白进行提取,最终得到两种胶原蛋白:酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC)和酶溶性胶原蛋白(PSC),并对这两种胶原蛋白的理化性质及功能特性进行比较研究。结果发现,ASC和PSC在234 nm附近都有强吸收峰,符合胶原蛋白的特征;红外光谱发现ASC在3346.0、2952.0、1662.0、1548.0、1242.0 cm~(-1)有吸收峰,PSC在3322.0、2944.0、1662.0、1551.0、1236.0 cm~(-1)有吸收峰,证明这两种胶原蛋白都存在酰胺A、酰胺B、酰胺Ⅰ、酰胺Ⅱ、酰胺Ⅲ,内部三螺旋结构都保留完整;氨基酸组成表明ASC和PSC都含有18种氨基酸,包括人体所需的8种必需氨基酸,但是组成略有差异;SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,这两种胶原蛋白都存在β、α1和α2链,符合Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的结构特征;PSC的变性温度较ASC要高,但是保湿率较低,它们的吸湿率和相对溶解度差异不显著(p0.05);以上结果表明不同提取方法对东北林蛙皮胶原蛋白的结构、功能特性有一定影响,但是不影响胶原蛋白的品质。     

草鱼皮酸溶性和酶溶性胶原蛋白的提取及性质

本文研究了从草鱼皮中提取酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC)和酶溶性胶原蛋白(PSC)及其部分性质。草鱼皮中ASC和PSC的提取得率以干基计分别为8.0%和18.6%;对草鱼皮ASC和PSC的紫外光谱分析,最大吸收峰都接近223nm;SDS-PAGE电泳图谱显示草鱼皮胶原蛋白是由两条不同的α链组成,分子量都在100kDa以上,与猪皮I型胶原蛋白相似;草鱼皮ASC和PSC热变性温度分别为33.8、34.5℃,只比猪皮的热变性温度(37℃)低3℃左右。结果表明草鱼皮胶原蛋白在功能食品、医药、化妆品、制药等方面有潜在的应用。     

鲽鱼骨胶原蛋白的结构及流变学特性

采用酸法和酶法从鲽鱼骨中提取制备得到酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC)和酶溶性胶原蛋白(PSC),对ASC与PSC进行紫外吸收(UV)、红外吸收(FTIR)、亚基组成(SDS-PAGE)、热稳定性(DSC)、微观结构(SEM)以及流变学特性(DHR)分析。UV显示:ASC与PSC分别在227 nm与226 nm处有最大紫外吸收峰。FTIR图谱表明:ASC与PSC保持了三螺旋结构。SDS-PAGE电泳图表明:ASC与PSC是Ⅰ型胶原蛋白。DSC测定ASC与PSC的热变性温度分别为52.24℃与49.65℃。SEM显示:ASC与PSC呈现交织状纤维网状结构。DHR表明:1%的ASC溶液或PSC溶液在振荡频率0.1~10 Hz范围主要表现为弹性且具有较高的凝胶稳定性。     

不同提取方法对鲽鱼皮胶原蛋白结构特征和功能性质的影响

为揭示不同提取方法对鲽鱼皮胶原蛋白结构特征和功能性质的影响,以新鲜鲽鱼皮为研究对象,采用酸法和酶法从其中提取胶原蛋白,得到酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC)和酶促溶性胶原蛋白(PSC),并对这2种胶原蛋白的结构特征和功能性质进行比较研究。紫外光谱扫描结果表明,ASC和PSC在230 nm处均有强吸收峰,在280 nm处无明显的吸收峰,均符合胶原蛋白的结构特征;傅里叶红外光谱扫描结果显示ASC和PSC都存在酰胺A、酰胺B、酰胺Ⅰ、酰胺Ⅱ、酰胺Ⅲ,均保持了胶原蛋白三维螺旋结构的完整性;SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳证实了ASC和PSC均为Ⅰ型胶原蛋白。吸湿性和保湿性结果表明,随着时间的变化,ASC和PSC的吸湿率呈现逐渐增大的趋势,而其保湿率呈现下降的趋势;浊度及聚集特性结果表明,ASC和PSC溶液的聚集动力学曲线均呈现S型趋势,且在整个过程中ASC的聚集能力大于PSC的聚集能力;吸水性和吸油性结果显示,ASC和PSC均有一定的吸水性和吸油性,且两者的吸油性均大于各自的吸水性。以上结果表明,不同提取方法对鲽鱼皮胶原蛋白结构特征和功能性质有一定的影响。     

正交试验优化黄河鲤鱼鳞酶促溶性胶原蛋白提取工艺

为提高黄河鲤鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取率,在4 ℃条件下,采用胃蛋白酶和0.5 mol/L乙酸溶液对其提取工艺进行研究,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验设计方法探索了提取时间、加酶量和料液比3 个因素对黄河鲤鱼鳞酶促溶性胶原蛋白（pepsin soluble collagen,PSC）提取率的影响。结果表明,黄河鲤鱼鳞PSC的最适提取工艺参数为提取时间60 h、加酶量40 kU/g和料液比1∶10（g/mL）,在此条件下,PSC提取率达到（17.7±0.7）%。所提取的产品与酸溶性胶原蛋白（acid soluble collagen,ASC）有相似的电泳性质和氨基酸组成,表明其可能与ASC具有相似的分子结构。     

酸法和酶法提取鳄鱼皮胶原蛋白及性质研究

对以鳄鱼皮为原料得到的酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC)和酶溶性胶原蛋白(psc)的性质进行比较分析.紫外扫描结果表明所提取出的胶原蛋白在232nm波长处有显著吸收峰;SDS-PAGE结果表明ASC和PSC的肽链组成具有很大的相似性,均含有两种a肽链及其交联链(β链及γ链);溶解性分析表明鳄鱼皮胶原蛋白的等电点在pH7左右;ASC和PSC的保水性经过6h (25℃)仍然高于85％; ASC的吸油性(24mL/g)和PSC的吸油性(41 mL/g)差异较大.根据上述测定结果可知,鳄鱼皮胶原蛋白ASC和PSC组成类似,符合Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的特征,但二者具体的功能性质略有差异.     

Characteristics of acid soluble collagen and pepsin soluble collagen from scale of spotted golden goatfish (Parupeneus heptacanthus)

Acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) were extracted from scale of spotted golden goatfish (Parupeneus heptacanthus) with the yields of 0.46% and 1.20% (based on dry weight basis), respectively. Both ASC and PSC were characterised as type I collagen, containing α₁ and α₂ chains. β and γ components were also found in both collagens. Based on FTIR spectra, the limited digestion by pepsin did not disrupt the triple helical structure of collagen. ASC and PSC contained glycine (336–340 residues/1000 residues) as the major amino acid and had imino acids of 186–189 residues/1000 residues. Maximal transition temperatures (T_max) were 41.58 and 41.01 °C for ASC and PSC, respectively. From zeta potential analysis, net charge of zero was found at pH 4.96 and 5.39 for ASC and PSC, respectively. Both collagens exhibited high solubility in acidic pH (2–4) and were soluble in the presence of NaCl at concentration up to 20 and 30 g/l for ASC and PSC, respectively.     

Structure and characteristics of acid and pepsin-solubilized collagens from the skin of cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

Acid-solubilized collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) were extracted from the skin of cobia (Rachycentron canadum). The yields of ASC and PSC were 35.5% and 12.3%, respectively. Based on the protein patterns and carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography, ASC and PSC were composed of α1α2α3 heterotrimers and were characterised as type I collagen with no disulfide bond. Their amounts of imino acids were 203 and 191 residues per 1000 residues, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the high sequences similarities of ASC and PSC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed that the amide I, II and III peaks of PSC were obtained at a lower wave number compared with ASC. The thermal denaturation temperatures of ASC and PSC, as measured by viscometry, were 34.62 and 33.97°C, respectively. The transition temperatures (T(max)) were 38.17 and 36.03°C, respectively, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both collagens were soluble at acidic pH and below 2% (w/v) NaCl concentration.     

Isolation and characterization of acid and pepsin-solubilized collagens from the skin of balloon fish (Diodon holocanthus)

Acid-solubilized collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) were successfully extracted from the skin of balloon fish (Diodon holocanthus) with yields of 4% and 19.5% respectively (based on dry weight). According to the electrophoretic patterns, both the ASC and PSC consisted of two different α chains (α1 and α2), were characterized to be type I, and contained imino acid of 179 and 175 residues/1000 residues, respectively. The PSC had a lower content of high-molecular weight cross-links than the ASC. The ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum of collagens showed that the distinct absorption was between 210 and 230 nm. A maximum solubility in 0.5 M acetic acid was observed at pH 1–5, and a sharp decrease in solubility above 4% (w/v) in both the ASC and PSC was observed in the presence of NaCl. The denaturation temperatures (T_d) of the ASC and PSC measured by viscometry were 29.01 °C and 30.01 °C, respectively. The maximum temperatures (T_max) of the ASC and PSC were 29.64 °C and 30.30 °C, respectively.     

酸法和酶法提取牦牛骨胶原蛋白的特性分析

以牦牛骨为原料,分别采用酸法和酶法提取胶原蛋白并进行理化性质分析。通过氨基酸组成、紫外光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热收缩温度、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis,SDS-PAGE）和扫描电子显微镜图像分析对胶原蛋白进行比较。结果表明：2?种方法的提取物都为典型的胶原蛋白,在230?nm波长左右出现最大紫外吸收峰;酸溶胶原蛋白（acid-soluble collagen,ASC）和酶溶胶原蛋白（pepsin-soluble collagen,PSC）的热收缩温度分别为40.12?℃和40.94?℃,变性焓值分别为0.25?J/g和0.22?J/g;红外光谱及SDS-PAGE分析表明,ASC和PSC主要由α、β、γ三种亚基组分组成,属于I型胶原蛋白,且三股螺旋结构完整;扫描电子显微镜结果表明,2?种方法提取的胶原蛋白都保留了较为完整的纤维网状结构,但酸法提取的胶原蛋白结构分布相对均匀。综合来看,2?种方法所提胶原蛋白在理化特性上并无太大差别,但酶法提取的胶原蛋白得率较高,酸法提取成本较低。     

Isolation and characterisation of collagen extracted from the skin of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) from the skin of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were isolated and characterised. The yields of ASC and PSC were 5.1% and 7.7%, based on the wet weight of skin, respectively, with the accumulated yield of 12.8%. Both ASC and PSC comprising two different α-chains (α1 and α2) were characterised as type I and contained imino acid of 206 and 211 imino acid residues/1000 residues, respectively. Peptide maps of ASC and PSC hydrolysed by either lysyl endopeptidase or V8 protease were slightly different and totally differed from those of type I calf skin collagen, suggesting some differences in amino acid sequences and collagen structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of both ASC and PSC were almost similar and pepsin hydrolysis had no marked effect on the triple-helical structure of collagen. Both ASC and PSC had the highest solubility at acidic pH. A loss in solubility was observed at a pH greater than 4 or when NaCl concentration was higher than 2% (w/v). T_max of ASC and PSC were 39.3 and 39.6 °C, respectively, and shifted to a lower temperature when rehydrated with 0.05 M acetic acid. Zeta potential studies indicated that ASC and PSC exhibited a net zero charge at pH 4.72 and 5.43, respectively. Thus, ASC and PSC were slightly different in terms of composition and structure, leading to somewhat different properties.     

Isolation and characterisation of collagens from the skin of largefin longbarbel catfish (Mystus macropterus)

Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) were extracted from the skin of largefin longbarbel catfish (Mystus macropterus) with yields of 16.8% and 28.0%, respectively, on the basis of dry weight. Both ASC and PSC contained α1 and α2 chains and the amino acid composition of collagen was close to that of calf skin type ? collagen. The intrinsic viscosities of ASC and PSC were 14.9 dl/g and 14.5 dl/g, respectively. Similar ultraviolet and FTIR spectra of ASC and PSC were observed. However, peptide maps of ASC and PSC, hydrolysed by trypsin, revealed some differences in primary structures between the two fractions. Denaturation temperatures of ASC and PSC were 32.1 °C and 31.6 °C, respectively. The higher T_m showed that it is possible to use largefin longbarbel catfish skin collagen as an alternative source of vertebrate collagens for industrial purposes.