纳米ZnO整理剂的改性分散工艺研究

通过单因素分析了超声时间、pH值、分散剂低聚丙烯酸钠PAAS、硅酸钠、OP-10及偶联剂KH-570的用量对纳米氧化锌的分散,并通过正交实验确定纳米氧化锌改性分散的最佳工艺条件,最终分散结果纳米氧化锌的平均粒径达到53.16nm,且形貌均一稳定。     

纳米氧化锌-聚酯合成工艺的研究及性能表征

研究了纳米氧化锌-聚酯的合成工艺,主要探讨了氧化锌分散处理前、后在聚酯体系中的分散性;分析了不同氧化锌添加量对聚合反应的影响,以及抗氧剂对反应过程和产物的影响;对纳米氧化锌-聚酯复合材料的结晶性和抗紫外线性能进行了表征。     

纳米氧化锌的分散及纳米整理剂的制备

研究了纳米氧化锌在水中的稳定分散介质及纳米整理剂的制备和应用。结果表明，对纳米氧化锌进行适当改性和乳化分散，有利于提高纳米水分散液的稳定性，自制水溶性聚氨酯起到良好的助分散作用；自制的纳米整理剂中纳米平均粒径97．01nm；纳米粒子为单核和多核的微囊式结构；纳米整理剂在纤维上呈非均匀浆膜分布；经纳米整理剂（含纳米ZnO10％）整理的纯棉织物，在10次水洗后的UPF等级达到50＋。     

纳米氧化锌的制备与纳米功能纺织品的开发(上)

介绍了各种制备纳米氧化锌的方法，包括原料、工艺流程、工艺条件以及不同工艺方法的优缺点比较等；介绍了纳米材料的测试仪器与方法；对纳米氧化锌防聚集技术和纳米氧化锌在纺织品上的应用目的、原理及方法进行了阐述；最后介绍了纳米氧化锌功能纺织品的开发实例，进一步指出了该领域亟待解决的问题。     

真丝制品经纳米ZnO处理后的抗菌、抗紫外性能研究

在最佳工艺条件下。以低聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）和硅酸钠为分散剂。加入乳化剂OP-10和偶联剂KH-570,制备了纳米氧化锌改性分散溶液,分散液中纳米氧化锌的平均粒径达53．16nm。将其应用于真丝织物的抗菌整理。结果表明,整理后的真丝织物,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的平均抑菌率分别达到了94．1％和90．9％;另外,整理...     

氮掺杂ZnO纳米晶的防紫外和抗菌整理

采用自组装爆燃法制备氮掺杂纳米氧化锌,对其微观结构进行表征,研究了氮掺杂纳米氧化锌水分散体系整理后棉织物的防紫外线性能和抗菌性能.试验结果表明,氮掺杂纳米氧化锌粒度小、分布均匀、分散性好;用氮掺杂纳米氧化锌整理后的织物进行抑菌圈测试及紫外防护因子测试,其防紫外线和抗菌性能优良,且具有较好的水洗牢度.     

纳米氧化锌织物整理剂的制备与整理效应的研究

利用自制的纳米氧化锌功能织物整理剂ZN-l，通过常规后整理工艺获得纳米功能纺织品；发现纳米氧化锌整理剂的抗菌性比非纳米氧化锌强，粒径越小，抗菌性越好；由此制备的纳米功能织物的撕破强力平均提高36．8％、折皱回复角平均提高2．1％、白度平均提高6．8％，手感也有所改善．     

微波协同纳米氧化锌对羽绒的抗菌工艺研究

研究微波协同纳米氧化锌抗菌试验的最佳工艺。在最佳工艺条件下,探讨了微波协同纳米氧化锌的最佳抗菌率,同时进行了纳米氧化锌的回收试验,并测定多次回收的纳米材料抗菌效果的变化规律。微波协同纳米氧化锌抗菌的最佳工艺为:纳米氧化锌与羽绒质量比为0.5,微波时间为3 min,微波功率为200 W,微波时温度50℃,最佳抗菌率为89.13%。微波协同纳米氧化锌对羽绒有较好的抗菌效果,至少可进行2次回收循环使用。     

氧化锌抗菌聚酯的制备及其性能

将纳米ZnO分散在乙二醇(EG)溶液中制成ZnO-EG分散液，然后采用原位聚合法将单体精对苯二甲酸(PTA)、EG和ZnO-EG分散液进行酯化缩聚得到抗菌改性聚酯。分析抗菌改性聚酯的聚合工艺过程，采用激光粒度分析仪对ZnO-EG分散液的粒径分布进行表征；通过偏光显微镜和DSC对抗菌改性聚酯的切片形貌和熔点进行分析，并对抗菌改性聚酯的色值、特性黏度、端羧基含量、二甘醇含量以及抗菌性能进行测定。结果表明：湿法研磨制得的纳米氧化锌分散液粒径明显小于磁力搅拌所制得，且随着湿法研磨时间的增加，分散液粒径呈现先减小后增大的趋势；当抗菌聚酯的ZnO质量分数为0.5%,特性黏度为0.687 dL/g时，纳米ZnO抗菌剂在聚酯中没有发生明显团聚而形成凝集粒子，且均匀分散在聚酯切片中；纳米ZnO抗菌剂的加入使抗菌聚酯的色值偏向光亮黄绿色，抗菌聚酯对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌率分别为92%、99%和78%,具有较好的抗菌性能。     

氧化锌纳米体系的微观形貌及稳定性研究

用透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征由氧化锌、聚丙烯酸盐和硅酮制备三元纳米体系，发现纳米粒子为单核或多核的微囊式结构，囊芯为纳米氧化锌粒子，囊壁由聚丙烯酸盐、硅酮互穿混合而成；表面显示负电性，其微观形貌为链状或簇状的非规则球形；通过研究重力、超声波振荡时间、pH值等条件对纳米体系稳定性的影响，采用浸-轧-烘整理工艺用氧化锌三元纳米体系处理棉织物，用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察织物载体上纳米粒子微观形貌，提出了纳米粒子在织物载体上堆积和团聚的收缩效应模型。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status