腌菜盐水中乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

从腌萝卜盐水中分离筛选到两株产酸较高的菌株,经乳酸纸层析分析及形态特征、培养特征和生理生化特征鉴定,结果表明1号菌为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),2号菌为短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)。     

高生存性乳酸菌的筛选

对MRS培养基进行了厌氧培养,从内蒙古传统发酵乳制品中分离了80株菌,通过镜检、过氧化氢实验、发酵核糖、15℃和37℃发酵试验,获得了43株乳杆菌。结果表明,14株菌具有一定的耐酸和耐胆盐特性;其中2株鉴定为副干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,分别命名为Lactobacillus paracasei N1115和Lactobacillus plantarum N3114。     

新疆特色干酪中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

从新疆不同牧区采集工艺不同的干酪制品,对其中的乳酸菌进行分离纯化、生理生化性质试验和16S rRNA分析.结果表明,分离、纯化出的104株乳酸菌种,有82株为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus),12株为肠球菌属(Enterococcus),10株为魏斯氏菌属(Weissella).利用16S rRNA序列同源分析和系统发育树分析对具有不同生理生化特性的代表菌株进行了分子鉴定,鉴定结果为TNM-2与干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)、Y5-4与食窦魏斯氏菌(Weissella cibaria)、NS2-2与植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)的同源性达到100％,NM-2与瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)、Y1-1与马乳酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens)、WG与耐久肠球菌(Enterococcus durans)的同源性达到99％.     

酸菜发酵液中乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

从乳酸发酵的酸菜汁中分离筛选到8株产酸能力较高的乳酸菌,通过形态特征、菌落特征、生理生化特征和API试剂条鉴定,结果表明其中有7株菌为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),1株菌为短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)。     

丹江镇辣椒红酸汤细菌菌群多样性分析及抗食源性致病菌乳酸菌筛选

以贵州丹江镇传统辣椒红酸汤为研究对象,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术进行细菌菌群多样性分析,结合微生物纯培养技术和双层平板法从中分离优势乳酸菌,通过分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定,并筛选抗食源性致病菌乳酸菌。结果表明,辣椒红酸汤样品中的优势细菌门为厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）;优势细菌属为乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）。从辣椒红酸汤样品中共分离得到17株乳酸菌,经鉴定,11株为干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）、3株为副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）、1株为副干酪乳杆菌亚种（Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.）、1株为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、1株为乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus sp.）,其中4株乳酸菌具有较好的产酸和抑菌性能,且干酪乳杆菌ST7-14的抑菌能力最好,对蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）ST2-1和阴沟肠杆菌（Enterobacter cloacae）ST2-6的抑菌圈直径分别为37.0 mm和31.5 mm。     

东北泡菜中抑菌微生物的分离筛选及鉴定

实验的目的是分离延边泡菜中具有抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的微生物。采用稀释涂布的方法分离泡菜中微生物,挑选110株拟似乳酸菌的菌落,采用管碟法筛选具有抑菌能力的乳酸菌,通过菌落的培养特征、革兰氏染色实验和过氧化氢酶反应实验、生理生化(糖发酵实验)及16S rRNA基因鉴定,结果为62株抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的乳酸菌中11株为植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum;51株为Lactobacillus acidophilus。91株抑制大肠杆菌的乳酸菌中72株为植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum;19株为Lactobacillus brevis。表明东北泡菜中乳酸菌具有抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的作用。     

羊胎水解液乳酸菌发酵菌种的选择

通过研究嗜酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus）1.1854；乳酸乳球菌（Lactobacillus）11454；短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）1.12；干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种（Lactobacillus casei)1.62；嗜热链球菌（Lactobacillus Streptococcus thermophilus)1.1855；植物乳杆菌9Lactobacillus plantarum）6种菌种对羊胎水解液菌发酵活力、双菌发酵活力、活菌数及风味的影响，确定了乳酸菌发酵羊水解液的最适菌种组合为嗜酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus)1.1854与嗜热链球菌（Lactobacillus Streptococ-cus thermophilus)1.1855。     

贵州少数民族酸肉、酸鱼中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

采用传统微生物分离方法进行乳酸菌纯种分离,利用16S rRNA序列分析方法进行乳酸菌鉴定,从7个酸肉、酸鱼样品中共分离出14株乳酸菌,有乳杆菌属、环丝菌属、乳球菌属3个属,9个种.从其中鉴定出7株乳酸菌,分别是:植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、消化乳杆菌(Lactobacillus alimentarius)、清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sakei)、泡菜乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kinchi)、清酒乳杆菌亚种(肉)(Lactobacillus sakei subsp.carnosus)、草乳杆菌(Lactobacillus graminis)、弯曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus curvatus).     

新疆“生命营养液”抑菌能力评价及其菌种分离纯化

评价新疆特色功能饮料"生命营养液",对5种常见食源性致病菌和5种食品常见益生菌的抑菌能力,并对该饮料中微生物菌种进行初步分离纯化。结果显示,"生命营养液"30μL原液对5种常见食源性致病菌肠沙门氏菌肠亚种(Salmonella enterica subsp.Enterica)、出血性大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli EHEC O157∶H7)、福氏志贺氏菌(Shigella flexneri)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas eruginosa)均具有抑菌能力,抑菌圈直径分别为10.5,12.0,12.0,12.5,10.0 mm,对4种常见益生菌植物乳杆菌植物亚种(Lactobacillus plantarum subsp.plantarum)、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus)、婴儿双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium infantis)、动物双歧杆菌乳亚种(Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis)均无抑菌能力,仅对嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)具有抑菌能力,抑菌圈直径为27.0 mm。从"生命营养液"中分离纯化出3株革兰氏阴性杆状细菌,1株革兰氏阳性杆状细菌,1株产红褐色可溶性色素丝状真菌,初步鉴定为红曲菌属(Monascus sp.)。     

恩施市3种泡辣椒样品中细菌多样性研究

以恩施市3种泡辣椒为研究对象,使用MiSeq高通量测序技术与聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术相结合的手段对样品中细菌群落的结构进行解析,并采用传统微生物培养方法及分子生物学技术对其中的乳酸菌进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,硬壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为泡辣椒中的优势细菌门,其平均相对含量分别为85.70%、12.59%;乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)为优势细菌属,其平均相对含量达67.37%。通过传统微生物培养方法共分离鉴定出14株乳酸菌,其中7株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),2株为发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum),3株为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium),2株为香肠乳杆菌(Lactobacillus farciminis)。结果表明,泡辣椒中的优势乳酸菌为植物乳杆菌。     

西藏牦牛粪和乳源中益生菌的筛选与鉴定

采用钙透明圈法从西藏地区牦牛粪和乳源中分离、筛选益生菌，通过形态观察及分子生物学技术进行菌种鉴定，并对其生长特性、产酸能力、耐胆盐、酸、人工胃液能力及抑制大肠杆菌能力进行分析。结果表明，共分离、筛选出25株乳酸菌，经鉴定7株为益生菌，分别为1株植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum），2株鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）和4株副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracaseium）。其中植物乳杆菌B2具有良好的生长优势、产酸能力（发酵终pH值在4左右）、耐酸（pH值为4）、耐胆盐（0.6%）、耐人工胃液能力（存活率为57.4%），且抑制大肠杆菌效果较好（抑菌圈直径为22.0 mm）。     

可降胆固醇的优势乳杆菌筛选

为丰富降胆固醇、降血糖的益生菌资源,以实验室10株潜力益生菌株为实验对象,进行体外降胆固醇能力、胆盐水解酶(BSH)活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率试验,测定菌株对人工胃液和胆盐的耐受性,评价优势菌株的细胞黏附性能及对抗生素的耐药安全性能。结果表明,植物乳杆菌LH-511、植物乳杆菌10-12、植物乳杆菌10-4对胆固醇的降解率在50%以上,显著高于商业菌株植物乳杆菌299V(p<0.05)。植物乳杆菌10-12、植物乳杆菌SD-H9对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率高达41.7%、40.1%。植物乳杆菌LH-511、植物乳杆菌10-12、植物乳杆菌10-4、植物乳杆菌10-14、卷曲乳杆菌OF48-2pH5这5株菌具有较好的BSH活力、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制性、抗逆性以及对HT-29细胞的黏附能力。但仅植物乳杆菌LH-511和卷曲乳杆菌OF48-2pH5通过了10种抗生素的安全性试验。综上所述,植物乳杆菌LH-511和卷曲乳杆菌OF48-2pH5具有较好的降胆固醇、降血糖潜力,且通过了抗逆性、黏附性、安全性试验,可用于进一步的开发和应用。     

东北传统发酵食品中高抗氧化活性植物乳杆菌的筛选及体外耐受性分析

为了获得高抗氧化活性植物乳杆菌,从东北传统发酵食品辣椒酱、臭豆腐、粘面子中筛选出75株植物乳杆菌。将75株植物乳杆菌分为无细胞上清液、完整细胞、无细胞提取物三个组分,以DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率为指标对菌株进行筛选,分析不同指标间的相关性,并评价菌株耐酸、耐胆盐能力及对抗生素的敏感性。结果表明,23株菌株表现出较好的抗氧化活性,无细胞上清液对DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率均大于90%,完整细胞和无细胞提取物对这两种自由基清除率均大于30%。植物乳杆菌的三个组分在清除DPPH自由基中存在相关性,无细胞上清液在DPPH和ABTS+两种评价方法上存在极显著相关性。其中有5株植物乳杆菌(D2、H8、L20、L11和A2)在pH2.0环境中存活率均大于59%,在0.3%胆盐中的存活率均大于93%,对7种抗生素敏感性较强。因此,这5株植物乳杆菌对于开发抗氧化作用的功能食品具有潜在的应用价值。     

蔬菜发酵菌种的筛选及发酵特性

为了选择适合蔬菜发酵的发酵菌种,本研究从四川泡菜老汤中分离的6 种乳酸菌Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus fermentum、Lactobacillus brevi、Lactobacillus pentosus、Leuconostoc mesenteroides、Lactobacillus lactics筛选发酵菌种。6 种乳酸菌接入亚硝酸盐的MRS培养液中,6 种乳酸菌还原亚硝酸盐的大小顺序为Lactobacilluspentosus＞Lactobacillus plantarum＞Leuconostoc mesenteroides＞Lactobacillus fermentum＞Lactobacillus lactics＞Lactobacillus brevis。以pH值降低的速率为发酵速率,Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus pentosus、Leuconostocmesenteroides这3 种发酵剂的发酵速率较其他3 种快,并且通过乳酸菌的全细胞蛋白电泳实验得出此3 种乳酸菌在甘蓝发酵过程中能够成为优势菌。从乳酸菌还原亚硝酸盐的能力、发酵速率、发酵菌种的生存能力（是否能成为优势菌）的实验结果表明Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus pentosus、Leuconostoc mesenteroides这3 种乳酸菌作为蔬菜发酵的发酵剂。通过对3 种发酵菌种发酵特性的研究可知,Leuconostoc mesenteroides较另两种生长周期短,稳定期维持时间短,很快进入衰退期。Lactobacillus plantarum菌较Lactobacillus pentosus、Leuconostoc mesenteroides耐酸,Leuconostoc mesenteroides对酸敏感。Leuconostoc mesenteroides最适生长温度为30 ℃,Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus plantarum两种菌的最适生长温度是37 ℃。15 ℃条件下Leuconostoc mesenteroides的光密度（OD600 nm）值很低,说明Leuconostoc mesenteroides较Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus pentosus对低温敏感。     

Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a Greek dry-fermented sausage in respect of their technological and probiotic properties

A total of 147 lactic acid bacteria was isolated from two types of naturally fermented dry sausages at four different stages of the ripening process studied in order to select the most suitable strains according to their technological characteristics including probiotic properties and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens. Identification of the isolates revealed that 90% were lactobacilli, 4% enterococci, 3% Pediococcus sp. and sporadic isolates of Weissella viridescens, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, and Leuconostoc sp. The isolated strains of Lactobacillus sakei (49 isolates), Lactobacillus curvatus (24 isolates) and Lactobacillus plantarum (7 isolates) were further characterized. All strains could grow at 15?°C, whereas the majority of the strains was able to grow in the presence of 6.5% NaCl and on acetate agar. The enzymatic potential of the strains was evaluated using the API ZYM system. During in vitro investigations all strains exhibited high leucine and valine aminopeptidase activities and moderate acid phosphatase and phosphohydrolase activities. Some strains showed very weak lipolytic activity. The enzyme profiling is an important factor for selection of strains as starter cultures. A large majority of the strains tolerated 0.1% bile salts whereas 58% of Lactobacillus curvatus strains and all Lactobacillus plantarum strains were resistant to 0.3% bile salts. All Lactobacillus sakei strains and the majority of Lactobacillus curvatus and Lactobacillus plantarum strains exhibited an anti-listerial activity against three Listeria monocytogenes strains. A percentage of 75, 50 and 29% of Lactobacillus sakei, L. curvatus and L. plantarum strains, respectively, could inhibit two Staphylococcus aureus strains. The contribution of the selected strains to a possible inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and S. aureus in situ on fermented meats would be of considerable interest to enhance the hygienic quality of these products.     

腌菜中细菌多样性研究及乳酸菌分离鉴定

以恩施地区采集的腌菜为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术（HTS）与变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）技术相结合的方法对其中所 含细菌和乳酸菌多样性进行研究,并采用平板稀释涂布法对乳酸菌进行分离鉴定。结果表明,腌菜样品中含量最高的优势细菌门 为硬壁菌门（Firmicutes）,其平均相对含量高达97.09%。优势细菌属为Lactobacillus、Weissella、Leuconostoc、Vibrio、Pseudomonas、 Psychrobacter和Flavobacterium,其中Lactobacillus的平均相对含量高达82.37%;通过变性梯度凝胶电泳技术从样品中检测出的乳酸 菌 有 Lactobacillus sakei、Lactobacillus insicii、Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis、Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum 和 Lactobacillus acetotolerans;分离鉴定及保藏的乳酸菌中有L. plantarum 7株,L. alimentarius 2株,L. curvatus和L. brevis各1株以及L. sakei 4株。 由此可见,虽然Lactobacillus为腌菜样品中的优势菌,但乳酸杆菌的构成在样品间存在一定的差异。     

Use of Lactobacillus strains to start cassava fermentations for Gari production

Two Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus plantarum BFE 6710 and Lactobacillus fermentum BFE 6620, were used to start cassava fermentations in a pilot study under field production conditions in Kenya, to determine their potential to establish themselves as predominant lactobacilli during the fermentation. Predominant strains from three fermentations were isolated throughout the 48 h fermentation period. The use of these strains in high numbers clearly resulted in 1 to 2 log higher lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts over the course of the fermentation when compared to the uninoculated control. 178 predominant LAB isolates were grouped based on their phenotypic characteristics, and were characterised to strain level by RAPD-PCR, followed by PFGE strain typing. Overall, L. plantarum strains represented the majority of the isolates, followed by Weissella confusa and Lactococcus garvieae strains. The results of RAPD-PCR and PFGE strain typing techniques indicated that L. plantarum BFE 6710 was successful in asserting itself as a predominant strain. In contrast, L. fermentum BFE 6620 failed to establish itself as a predominant organism in the fermentation. The success of the L. plantarum strains to predominate in the cassava fermentation demonstrates the potential for development of Lactobacillus starter cultures to industrialise the Gari production process.     

Biochemical characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from spontaneous fermentation of 'Almagro' eggplants

A total of 149 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the spontaneous fermentation of 'Almagro' eggplants were characterized and identified. Of the isolates, 148 were determined as belonging to the genus Lactobacillus. A coccoid, gram-positive database-negative isolate was obtained in the early stages of fermentation. The Lactobacillus strains were divided into six groups based on sugar fermentation patterns and other physiological and morphological characteristics, and were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum biotype 1 (54.4%), Lactobacillus brevis biotype 2 (19.5%), Lactobacillus fermentum (9.4%), Lactobacillus brevis biotype 3 (5.4%), Lactobacillus pentosus (4.7%) and nine strains, which were not included in the previous species, were grouped as Lactobacillus spp. (6.0%). Fermentation was initiated by Lactobacillus brevis biotype 2 and Lactobacillus fermentum. During the fermentation Lactobacillus plantarum became the predominant species.     

人工接种发酵甘蓝工艺条件的优化

为了探究甘蓝人工接种发酵适宜的发酵剂及发酵条件,采用从四川泡菜老汤中分离的植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)、肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)3种菌以单一和不同配比混合组合成16组组合发酵剂中选出发酵甘蓝时亚硝酸盐含量低、发酵速度快、风味好的发酵剂。结果表明：肠膜明串珠菌、戊糖乳杆菌,其质量比为1:2(nPb:SPc组合),肠膜明串珠菌、戊糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌,其质量比为1:1:1(nPb:bC1:SPc组合),此两种组合为较优化发酵剂。应用响应面分析法优化此两种组合发酵剂接种发酵甘蓝的工艺条件。人工接种发酵甘蓝的条件为食盐质量浓度4g/100mL、接种量0.2%、发酵温度25℃。通过主效应分析说明食盐质量浓度对总酸度影响最大,发酵温度次之,接种量对其影响较小。     

Arginine dihydrolase pathway in Lactobacillus plantarum from orange.

Lactobacillus plantarum N8 and N4 strains isolated from orange degraded L-arginine to citrulline, ornithine and ammonia. Citrulline and ornithine were consumed. Lactobacillus plantarum N4 utilized arginine and ornithine to a higher extent than Lactobacillus plantarum N8. Urea was not detected during arginine degradation, indicating that the amino acid degradation was carried out only by the arginine dihydrolase pathway. Citrulline increased the growth of the two strains, arginine only increased the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum N4. Ornithine did not modify the growth of the strains studied. With different behavior, Lactobacillus plantarum N8 and N4 strains were able to derive energy and ammonia from arginine or citrulline catabolism. This is interesting for microorganisms developing in a stressful environment.