碱法草浆中段废水的水解酸化预处理实验

本实验采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)对碱法草浆中段废水进行了水解酸化预处理的研究.结果表明:碱法草浆中段废水经过厌氧折流板反应器的水解酸化预处理后,可以提高其可生化性,其最佳工艺条件为:HRT=8h,pH=7,温度为25～35.C;污泥的VSS/SS=0.85、SVI=85.1,具有一定的活性和良好的沉降性能;出水水质优于初沉池.     

碱法草浆中段废水水解-酸化预处理的研究

本实验采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)对碱法草浆中段废水进行了水解-酸化预处理研究.结果表明:碱法草浆中段废水经过厌氧折流板反应器的水解-酸化预处理后可以提高其可生化性,其最佳工艺条件为:HRT=8h,pH=7,温度为25～35℃;污泥的VSS/SS=0.85,SVI=85.1,具有一定的活性和良好的沉降性能;出水水质优于初沉池.     

厌氧折流板反应器中消化过程模型的研究

本文对厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)中内部处理过程、相分离特性以及流体流动模型进行了较为详细的研究,对反应器处理酒糟废水的效能也进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,ABR具有很高的去除水中SS的能力,其内部存在相分离现象,流体流动模型对单个液相间隔区为单级全混流,整个反应器为串联多釜。ABR对水质的改善表明,它将是第二代厌氧反应器用于处理高SS含量废水的一种有效预处理装置。     

草浆中段废水水解酸化预处理的研究

对草浆造纸中段废水进行了折流板式厌氧反应器(ABR)水解酸化预处理的研究,研究结果表明:在水力停留时间9h、容积负荷4.4gCODCr/(L·d)、pH值6、室温的工艺条件下,水解酸化预处理装置运行11天后,废水CODCr、BOD5、SS去除率一直分别稳定在42%、13%、64%左右,废水可生化性由0.34增加到0.52,为后续好氧生物处理创造了有利条件。     

物化—生化法处理制药废水的试验研究

采用中和—气浮—水解酸化—接触氧化的处理工艺处理制药废水,加入生活污水后制药废水易于处理。试验结果表明,废水的COD由原来的1580 mg/L降至95 mg/L,去除率达到94%以上,其余各项指标均达到排放标准,采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)能够很好控制废水水解酸化的进程,接触氧化段较高的溶氧对难降解的制药废水有较好的处理效果。     

采用厌氧折流板反应器处理爆破法草浆废液

本试验采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理爆破法草浆废液,并研究了其工艺条件及工艺特征。实验结果表明,在HRT为24h,VLR为5.5kg·m-3·d-1条件下,ABR能有效处理COD浓度为5500mg·L-1的爆破法草浆废液,去除率为70.9%,ABR对负荷冲击有良好的适应性。     

米粉废水处理技术的研究进展

非糯性大米经研磨、蒸煮、塑性、冷却等工序制成的产品——米粉是我国南方地区的主要主食食品。作为一种常见的大米加工食品,高浓度的悬浮物和有机污染物是米粉废水显著的水质特点。本文在米粉废水处理工艺相关文献的基础上,总结米粉废水处理技术的进展,对米粉废水处理技术中的上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)、水解酸化—SBR法、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)和混凝预处理等处理技术的研究进展进行阐述。     

厌氧折流式反应器处理印染废水

对厌氧折流式反应器(ABR)处理难降解印染废水进行中试研究.结果表明,在最佳HRT为24 h条件下,厌氧折流式反应器稳定运行2个月,即使进水COD波动较大,COD的去除效果也良好.进水平均COD 755.4 mg/L,出水平均COD 420.9 mg/L,平均去除率为43.9%.厌氧折流式反应器对色度去除效果较佳,进水平均色度342倍,出水平均色度80倍,平均去除率为76.6%.印染废水B/C值由0.29提高到0.43,废水可生化性明显改善.气质联用(GC-MS)检测可知,印染废水中的有机物得到有效降解.     

混凝-ABR-氧化沟工艺处理印染废水

介绍了混凝.厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)-氧化沟工艺处理印染废水时的工艺流程和运行参数等.结果表明,该工艺对印染废水的冲击负荷具有较强的适应能力,COD和色度去除率分别达96%和94%,出水水质达到广东省<水污染排放限值>(DB 44/26-2001)第Ⅱ时段一级排放标准.     

低浓度废水处理的研究进展

低浓度废水由于碳源不足的特点,对处理中的脱氮除磷效果有着制约作用。综述了低浓度废水处理技术的研究进展,重点介绍了生物膜工艺、序批式活性污泥工艺(SBR)、改良A2/O工艺、人工湿地处理工艺、升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB工艺)、膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器(EGSB工艺)、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR工艺)和组合式折流板厌氧反应器(HABR工艺)。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.