标准曲线法测定纺织品中邻苯基苯酚含量的研究

本文针对GB/T 20386—2006《纺织品邻苯基苯酚的测定》中两种提取方法的不足,提出用20μg/mL、50μg/mL,100μg/mL的邻苯基苯酚标准品做空白加标曲线的试验方法测定样品中邻苯基苯酚的含量。标准曲线的R2值为0.9998,标准曲线可用,并且准确测定了试样中邻苯基苯酚的含量。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定牛奶中不同化学形态的钙

建立火焰原子吸收光谱法测定牛奶中不同化学形态钙的方法。研究乙醇体积分数、离心温度、离心力和离心时间对蛋白沉淀效果的影响,确定最佳分离条件,即乙醇体积分数50%、离心温度2℃、离心力6000×g、离心时间6min,建立沉淀剂分离牛奶中元素结合态和非结合态的方法。探讨释放剂硝酸镧的质量浓度对吸光度的影响,确定最佳质量浓度为6.00mg/mL。在此条件下,测定牛奶中总钙的质量浓度为808.6μg/mL,其中结合态钙的质量浓度为641.8μg/mL,占总钙的质量分数为79.4%;非结合态钙的质量浓度为173.0μg/mL,占总钙的质量分数为21.4%。本法的精密度(RSD)小于3.3%,仪器检出限为0.11μg/mL,加标平均回收率为97.0%,RSD为1.7%。该方法准确、稳定,具有较高的实用价值。     

牛奶中烟酸本底含量的测定

对牛奶中烟酸的本底含量进行测定,为乳制品中烟酸的强化提供数据支持。选取大量的牛奶样本,通过微生物法和高效液相色谱法对烟酸的含量进行测定,两种方法的结果一致。微生物法为AOAC推荐方法,另外成本较低,所以选用微生物法进行大量样本的检测。结果表明:牛奶中烟酸的含量大约为36μg/100 mL～138μg/100 mL,平均值为87μg/100 mL,牛奶中烟酸含量大部分在70μg/100 mL~120μg/100 mL之间。     

灵芝液体发酵富集硒元素研究

研究了灵芝在亚硒酸钠水平分别为50μg/mL、100μg/mL、150μg/mL、200μg/mL、250μg/mL、300μg/mL、350μg/mL、400μg/mL的固体PDA培养基上的生长情况,30℃恒温培养6d,观察并测定菌落直径;在不同亚硒酸钠浓度条件下进行液体发酵,180r/min转速下30℃摇床培养5d,检测发酵液生物量、富硒率,同时检测富硒后菌丝体部分金属元素的含量变化。结果表明:150μg/mL~250μg/mL的含硒固体PDA培养基上菌丝体生长好,在含硒250μg/mL液体发酵培养基上菌丝体生物量最高为0.86g,300μg/mL发酵液中富硒率最高为47.71%,而且富硒后的菌丝体其他金属元素含量变化不明显。     

HPLC法同时测定蛹虫草中虫草素、腺苷和麦角甾醇的含量

建立一种利用高效液相色谱法同时测定蛹虫草中虫草素、腺苷和麦角甾醇含量的方法,并对沈阳、广东、江苏3个产地的蛹虫草进行测定结果的比较。结果表明,虫草素、腺苷和麦角甾醇分别在5μg/mL～65μg/mL、5μg/mL～35μg/mL和25μg/mL～300μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,江苏的虫草素含量最高,为1.3 mg/g,广东的含量最低,为0.5 mg/g,广东的腺苷和麦角甾醇含量最高分别为1.9、5.8 mg/g。不同产地蛹虫草中的腺苷、虫草素和麦角甾醇的含量差异较大;该方法准确性高,重复性好,适用于蛹虫草中腺苷、虫草素和麦角甾醇的含量测定,为其质量评价提供参考。     

直接进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定白酒中的钙

建立采用标准曲线法进行定量,火焰原子吸收光谱法(flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry,FAAS)直接进样测定白酒中钙的方法。探讨反应体系、释放剂浓度、乙炔流量以及燃烧器高度对吸光度的影响,比较两种定量方式对测定结果的影响。结果表明,利用体积分数50%乙醇溶液作为标准酒样可以有效地消除因匹配而产生的误差,因此,实验选择标准曲线法作为定量方式。在最佳的实验条件下,钙的线性范围为0.2～8μg/mL,检出限为0.17μg/mL,白酒中钙的质量浓度为9.73μg/mL,精密度为2.04%,加标平均回收率为101.5%,RSD为2.7 3%。该方法直接、快速、准确、稳定,具有较高的实用价值。     

一株降解亚硝酸盐乳酸菌的筛选及其在泡菜中的应用

为了得到降解亚硝酸盐能力较强的乳酸菌,并将其应用于泡菜发酵中,采用溶钙圈法及国标紫外分光光度法,从四川眉山泡菜样品中筛选得到一株降解亚硝酸盐能力较强的乳酸菌JXJ-2,将其在亚硝酸盐含量为50μg/mL的MRS液体中培养,亚硝酸盐最终降解率可达到100%;当发酵液中亚硝酸盐含量增加到100μg/mL时,在12~24h之间达到最大降解量47.21μg/mL;对亚硝酸盐的最适耐受浓度范围为0~0.6 mg/mL;JXJ-2发酵泡菜和自然发酵泡菜中最终亚硝酸盐残留量分别为0,6.85mg/kg。     

高效液相色谱法测定茶饮料中的阿斯巴甜含量

本文建立了HPLC测定茶饮料中阿斯巴甜含量的方法,采用色谱柱:THERMO C18(4.6×250 mm,5μm),检测波长:210nm,流量:1.0 mL/min,进样量:20μL,流动相:0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾-乙腈为85:15。结果表明:阿斯巴甜在0~50μg/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系,Y=52139X(0~50μg/mL)(R=0.9994)。平均回收率100.3%,RSD=0.33%。本方法简单,快速、准确、重现性好,可以用作茶饮料中阿斯巴甜的含量测定。     

笃斯越橘产品花色苷抗氧化活性评价

对笃斯越橘不同产品花色苷的抗氧化活性进行了研究。首先用60%乙醇提取笃斯越橘产品花色苷,再用AB-8大孔树脂分离,pH示差法测定花色苷含量,最后采用.OH和DPPH.体系对笃斯越橘产品的抗氧化活性和规律性进行了测定和比较。结果表明,花色苷的抗氧化活性和花色苷含量成显著正相关。果酱类产品中花色苷含量最高;不同笃斯越橘产品中花色苷抗氧化能力不同。清除.OH的IC50最小的为8.83μg/mL,最大的为43.24μg/mL;清除DPPH.的IC50最小的为10.48μg/mL,最大的为20.40μg/mL。     

玉米中5-甲基四氢叶酸提取方法的优化及高效液相色谱法定量分析

优化玉米中5-甲基四氢叶酸(5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate,5-MTHF)提取方法,评价高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定玉米5-MTHF含量的准确性。结果表明:优化最佳提取参数为叶酸提取液pH值为6.5,α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、大鼠血清的添加量分别为12 U/mL、0.028 U/mL、14μL/mL,固相萃取净化柱收集洗脱液2.5 mL;HPLC法测定玉米中5-MTHF表明,在0.003～1.000μg/mL有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.001μg/mL,定量限为0.003μg/mL,精密度为1.90%,样品加标平均回收率为104.57%;测定叶酸强化玉米(京科糯928)中5-MTHF与总叶酸含量分别为181.18μg/100 g与253.65μg/100 g(干质量),提取优化后的HPLC检测方法适用于玉米中5-MTHF与总叶酸的测定,可为其他强化谷物中叶酸含量的测定提供参考。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.