絮凝-Fenton氧化处理E段漂白废水的研究

采用絮凝-Fenton氧化处理E段漂白废水。通过正交实验确定了最佳操作参数。Al2（SO4）5-Fen％on氧化配合处理E段漂白废水的最佳操作条件为：Al2（SO4）3用量0．6g／L,氧化反应的pH值为5,H2O2用量1．Og／L,FeSO4用量0．8g／L,在此条件下废水COD的去除率可达90．64％。CPAM-Fenton氧化配合处理E段漂白废水的最佳操作条件为：CPAM用量0．8mg／L,氧化反应pH值6,H202用量1．5g／L,FeSO4用量1．2g／L,在此条件下废水COD的去除率可达82．43％。     

混凝协同好氧生物膜技术深度处理造纸废水的实验研究

采用混凝沉淀协同好氧生物膜技术深度处理造纸废水,分别考察了PAM、FeCl3、Al2(SO4)3这3种不同种类的混凝剂对CODCr和色度去除率的影响,并特别研究了PAM投加量对反应过程的影响规律。结果表明:以FeCl3为混凝剂的协同好氧生物膜技术效果最为显著,色度去除率最高为69.30%,与单独使用FeCl3为混凝剂的混凝沉淀相比,CODCr去除率提高了73.72%;当PAM投加量分别为1.5mg/L、3.0mg/L、4.5mg/L、6.0mg/L时,以3.0mg/L时效果最佳,CODCr和色度去除率分别达到63.18%和47.64%。     

电化学法处理印染废水

采用电化学法处理印染废水,经试验得到的优化工艺条件为:以Fe-PbO2/不锈钢电极-活性炭为三维电极体系,调节废水pH值为3,电解槽极板间距6 cm,Al2 (SO4)3支持电解质投加量0.15 mol/L,电流密度28 mA/cm2,活性炭投加量40 g,电解时间 10 min.印染废水经电化学法处理后,BOD5/COD比值可从原来的0.126上升至1.71,可生化降解性显著提高.     

微波强化Fenton氧化处理弱酸艳红B染色废水的研究

采用微波强化Fenton氧化法处理含阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)的弱酸艳红B染色废水,探讨初始pH值、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、微波功率、反应时间对废水色度和COD去除率的影响。结果表明:在pH值为2.5、30%H2O2投加量为4 mL/L、FeSO4投加量为100 mg/L、微波功率为539 W、反应时间为10 min条件下,废水色度去除率达到99.1%,COD去除率达到81.9%。微波辐射、Fenton氧化、水浴强化Fenton氧化、微波强化Fenton氧化4种方法的对比实验表明,微波、Fenton氧化对染色废水的降解起协同作用,微波强化Fenton氧化法处理染色废水能显著缩短处理时间、降低Fenton试剂用量、提高COD去除率。     

Fe_3O_4/CuO催化剂非均相Fenton深度处理染料废水

采用共沉淀法制备Fe_3O_4/Cu O纳米颗粒,并将其作为非均相Fenton催化剂深度处理染料废水。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和比表面仪对催化剂的晶体结构、表面形貌和比表面积进行分析。以二次沉淀染料废水出水作为目标污染物,以COD去除率作为评价指标,研究非均相Fenton反应时间、Fe_3O_4/Cu O催化剂投加量、p H和H_2O_2投加量对染料废水处理效果的影响。结果表明:Fe_3O_4/Cu O催化剂为介孔结构,比表面积为89.69 m~2/g;最佳反应条件为反应时间120 min,Fe_3O_4/Cu O催化剂投加量0.8 g/L,p H为8,H_2O_2投加量为40 m L/L,处理后染料废水的COD去除率达到87.2%。     

微电解与Fenton氧化联合降解印染退浆废水研究

本研究采用改性微电解材料与Fenton氧化、混凝工艺联合处理印染退浆废水。研究结果表明:微电解/Fenton/混凝为最佳组合工艺,出水B/C为0.44。利用该工艺处理COD_(Cr) 5315 mg/L、PVA 0.68 g/L、B/C 0.10的印染退浆废水,废水pH调至4、微电解材料一次投加量465 g/L、停留时间60 min,并测定微电解出水Fe2+含量,以确定在最佳Fenton反应条件(n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))=15∶1,pH=4,反应1 h)下30%H_2O_2投加量。将Fenton反应出水pH调至8,利用残余的Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)进行混凝沉淀30 min,然后生化3 d,印染退浆废水的CODCr去除率达到96.65%,PVA去除率达到86.76%,符合印染污水间接排放标准。     

Fenton法预处理垃圾渗滤液的实验研究

采用Fenton法预处理垃圾渗滤液,考察了初始p H值、Fe SO4·7H2O投加量、H2O2/Fe2+物质的量比及反应时间对Fenton氧化处理效果的影响。研究的主要结论如下:(1)p H、n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)、Fe SO4·7H2O投加量是影响Fenton氧化处理效果的主要因素,反应时间对其也有一定影响。这些因素的主次关系为:(1)p Hn(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)Fe SO4·7H2O投加量反应时间;(2)在p H为3.0、Fe SO4·7H2O投加量为1.2mmol/L、H2O2与Fe2+摩尔比为8:1、反应时间为30分钟条件下,COD去除率可达到62.3%。     

Fenton法深度处理青霉素废水的实验研究

青霉素废水是一种高浓度有机工业废水,研究以某制药有限公司生化排水为对象,采用Fenton法对制药废水进行处理研究,基于正交试验方法,分析试剂投加量、反应初始PH和反应时间等对处理效果的影响。结果表明,COD去除率的影响程度大小顺序为:H_2O_2投加量、反应初始PH、H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)摩尔比、反应时间。Fenton法处理青霉素废水最佳条件为:初始反应PH值为4,H_2O_2投加量为0.03mol/L,H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)摩尔比为20:1,反应时间120min,去除率达57.8%。     

絮凝-Fenton氧化处理栲胶废水的研究

采用PAC-PAM絮凝法、Fenton氧化法对栲胶实际废水进行了处理。通过对其模拟废水进行单因素试验并确定各反应的最佳条件。将确定的最佳反应条件应用于栲胶废水的絮凝-Fenton氧化处理。结果表明,絮凝试验的最佳反应条件为:PAC投加量2.0 g/L,PAM投加量20 mg/L,进水pH=7,搅拌速度120 r/min,搅拌时间40 min。Fenton氧化试验的最佳反应条件为:反应时间40 min,初始pH=3,H_2O_2投加量1.64 mL/L,n(Fe~(2+))∶n(H_2O_2)=1∶3;栲胶废水通过絮凝处理后,出水COD的去除率达到70.0%左右,色度去除率达到93.8%。经Fenton氧化后,COD去除率达到约88.7%,出水COD为180 mg/L左右,色度为8倍。满足了国家污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-2002),且Fenton氧化法处理成本较低,满足实际应用的可行性。     

造纸中段废水深度处理技术研究

采用"磁预处理+催化聚合+絮凝+快速滤池"的组合工艺深度处理造纸中段废水,重点探讨了催化聚合反应机理及其运行参数.结果显示:在进水CODCr为268mg/L、色度为260倍的条件下,当m(H2O2)∶m(催化聚合剂)=1∶3,催化聚合剂的加入量150mg/L,絮凝剂Al2(SO4)3加入量为250mg/L时,最终出水的CODCr在50mg/L左右,色度在10倍以内,CODCr和色度的去除率分别为85%和96%.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the