辛烯基琥珀酸直链淀粉酯的性质及应用研究

为获得新型的微胶囊粉末油脂乳化剂和壁材,以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,采用湿法制备辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,再经普鲁兰酶水解,获得辛烯基琥珀酸直链淀粉酯,并研究了辛烯基琥珀酸直链淀粉酯的性质及其在微胶囊粉末油脂中的应用。结果表明,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯经普鲁兰酶水解后,乳化性略有降低;制备的辛烯基琥珀酸直链淀粉酯具有低粘度和良好的成膜性;作为壁材和主要乳化剂制备微胶囊粉末油脂时,包埋率较高,无渗漏、破裂现象,表面油含量低,包埋效果良好;微胶囊复原乳状液对盐酸、柠檬酸及金属离子的耐受性好,在24h内未出现分层现象。     

不同原料制备的酶解辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯作微胶囊壁材的性质比较

主要研究了不同原料的酶解辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备及其性质特征,着重比较了其粘度、乳化稳定性、包埋能力及作为壁材的微胶囊油脂的贮藏稳定性。     

蜡质玉米淀粉的双重酯化改性及其在油脂微胶囊化中的应用

以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,经乙酸酐乙酰化和辛烯基琥珀酸酐酯化得到乙酰化取代度为0.0768,酯化取代度为0.0284的乙酰化辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯。将合成的乙酰化辛烯基琥珀酸蜡质玉米淀粉酯作为乳化剂应用于油脂微胶囊化中,制备出包埋率达95.71%的粉末油脂产品。     

高价离子型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯作为微胶囊壁材的研究

以钠型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为原料,制备高价离子型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(钡型、钙型、三价铁型),并以柠檬油为芯材,高价离子型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备柠檬油微胶囊,测定了高价离子型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的离子交换率,乳液的乳化稳定性及黏度,并考察了此种淀粉酯作为微胶囊壁材对柠檬油包埋率的影响,最后利用扫描电子显微镜观察微胶囊的形貌特征。结果表明,淀粉酯中离子化合价的改变对乳液黏度、乳化稳定性和柠檬油的包埋率均有显著影响(p<0.05),其中,三价铁型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯作壁材时,乳液黏度为1.04 mPa·s,柠檬油包埋率达到了96.51%;扫描电镜分析表明,三价铁型壁材制备的微胶囊粒径最大,囊壁最厚。说明三价铁型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯可作为一种性能良好的微胶囊壁材。     

泽泻辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备及性质研究

为了促进泽泻淀粉的利用,本试验研究了泽泻辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备、性质和酶解对淀粉酯性质的影响。结果表明：（1）在相同制备条件下,泽泻辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的取代度和反应效率都高于马铃薯和玉米淀粉酯。（2）泽泻淀粉酯化后,颗粒表面有腐蚀现象。（3）随取代度增加,淀粉酯的糊化温度降低,峰值粘度增加。（4）水解率（DE％）增加,酶解淀粉酯的糊化温度降低,糊的峰值粘度与回升值下降,乳化稳定性能增强。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯在乳化辣根精油中的应用

研究了以低粘度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(ssos)为壁材,辣根精油为芯材,果葡糖浆为辅材形成的辣根精油乳化液的稳定性.实验结果表明,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯能很好地与辣根精油形成稳定的乳化体系.优化条件为:固形物含量40%、芯壁比1:3、均质时间90s、均质温度50℃.当添加果葡糖浆取代45%的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯时,对乳化液的稳定性几乎没有影响.     

低粘度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯作微胶囊壁材的研究

本文测定了低粘度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和阿拉伯树胶的粘度,并分别采用低粘度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和阿拉伯树胶作色拉油微胶囊体系的壁材,测定了乳状液的乳化稳定性和产品的微胶囊包埋率及贮存稳定性。研究结果表明:低粘度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯粘度比阿拉伯树胶低;以低粘度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为壁材的微胶囊的包埋效果效率、贮藏稳定性优于阿拉伯树胶,且随取代度的增加低粘度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为壁材制成的微胶囊的贮存稳定性也增加。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备及其酶法降解的研究

以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,辛烯基琥珀酸酐为亲核试剂,用正交试验方法确定了在不同条件下,制备辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的最佳工艺参数,着重研究了酯化反应条件对反应取代度的影响。实验结果表明:在辛烯基琥珀酸酐添加量(淀粉干基重的3%)不变的条件下,淀粉乳的浓度、反应温度、反应体系pH值、反应时间对反应取代度均有较大影响。对制备的淀粉酯中的辛烯基琥珀酸酐残留量进行了测定,结果表明,利用本文确定的最佳反应条件制得的淀粉酯辛烯基琥珀酸残留量低于规定标准。利用α-淀粉酶对制得的淀粉酯进行了降解处理,探讨了利用不同的酶解时间,获得不同DE值样品的酶解条件。利用最佳工艺条件,进行了辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的中试放大并获得了预期产品。     

辛烯基琥珀酸酐酶解淀粉在冷食品中应用初探

以玉米淀粉为原料进行辛烯基琥珀酸酐酯化,再以α-淀粉酶水解成不同程度的辛烯基琥珀酸酐酶解淀粉.通过对制备的辛烯基琥珀酸酐酶解淀粉的乳化能力、乳化稳定性的测定,探究出该复合改性淀粉的乳化性能,结果显示复合改性淀粉的乳化性能与原淀粉相比有较大的提高;通过亲水亲油平衡值( HLB值)的测定,结果显示不同取代度(DS)的辛烯基琥珀酸酐酶解淀粉的HLB值均大于10,可以作为乳化剂应用到水包油的乳化体系中.通过比较辛烯基琥珀酸酐酶解淀粉和其他商业乳化剂产品在冷食品(雪糕)中的乳化效果,结果显示辛烯基琥珀酸酐酶解淀粉作为乳化剂制备的雪糕膨胀率最高可以达到144％,感官评分可以达到20分,是一种比较理想的冷食品(雪糕)乳化剂.     

辛烯基琥珀酸木薯淀粉酯在乳化桔子香精中的应用

以辛烯基琥珀酸木薯淀粉酯作为乳化桔子香精的乳化稳定剂,研究了相应的优化工艺条件.结果表明,辛烯基琥珀酸木薯淀粉酯可用于桔子乳化香精中,添加辛烯基琥珀酸木薯淀粉酯能制得较为稳定的乳化体系.优化工艺条件为:辛烯基琥珀酸木薯淀粉酯质量分数14%、取代度0 017、桔子香精质量分数6.5%、均浆温度为20℃、均浆时间为5min.在此条件下制得的乳化香精,稀释后仍有一定的稳定性.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status