羊毛绿色近红外伪装染色

将叶绿素铜钠作为近红外伪装染料对羊毛进行染色,实现羊毛织物在绿色丛林背景下的近红外伪装。羊毛叶绿素铜钠染色工艺为:叶绿素铜钠用量1%(owf),浴比1∶50,100℃,染色30 min,水洗,皂洗。染色后羊毛在可见近红外波长范围内与树叶有相似的光反射特性,因此有较好的近红外绿色伪装性能。研究表明,叶绿素铜钠作为红外伪装染料,能解决占军用服装比重较大的羊毛织物的红外伪装染色问题,而且染色工艺简单。     

棉织物阳离子GM-01改性及姜黄染色工艺设计

为了提高姜黄染料对棉织物的染色表面色深度(K/S值)和染色牢度,利用阳离子改性剂GM-01对棉织物进行改性,并对改性后棉织物进行姜黄染料染色。以K/S值为主要分析指标,通过单因素优化实验,确定棉织物阳离子优化改性工艺为:在浴比为1:50下,改性温度为70℃,改性时间为30min,GM-01用量(o.m.f)为5%;改性后棉织物姜黄天然染料最优染色工艺为:在浴比为1:30下,染色温度为60℃、染色时间为30min、姜黄染料用量为3%(o.m.f)。采用该改性、染色工艺所染得棉织物的K/S值大大提高。经改性后的棉织物较未改性棉织物显示良好的皂洗牢度、摩擦牢度,普遍提高了0.5～1级。     

棉织物姜黄染色工艺应用壳聚糖季铵盐改性研究

针对姜黄天然染料在棉织物表面色深度(K/S值)低、染色牢度差的问题,利用壳聚糖与2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵制备壳聚糖季铵盐阳离子改性剂对棉织物进行改性。应用色度指标分析棉织物姜黄天然染料染色敏果,通过单因素优化实验获得,改性剂对棉织物的最优改性工艺为:在浴比1:50下,改性剂用量(o.w.f)为4%,改性温度为80℃,改性时间为40min;改性后棉织物姜黄天然染料最优染色工艺为:在浴比1:50下,姜黄天然染料用量为5%(o.w.f)、染色温度为60℃、染色时间为40min。采用该改性、染色工艺所染得棉织物的K/S值大大提高。经改性后的棉织物较未改性棉织物显示良好的染色牢度,其皂洗牢度、摩擦牢度普遍提高了0.5～1级,达到了Oeko-TexStandard100标准要求。     

棉织物壳聚糖季铵盐改性及其姜黄天然染料染色工艺

针对姜黄天然染料在棉织物表面色深度(K/S值)低、染色牢度差的问题,利用壳聚糖与2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵制备壳聚糖季铵盐阳离子改性剂对棉织物进行改性.应用色度指标分析棉织物姜黄天然染料染色效果,通过单因素优化试验获得改性剂对棉织物的最优改性工艺为:在浴比1:50下,改性剂用量为4％(omf),改性温度为80℃,改性时间为40 min;改性后棉织物姜黄天然染料最优染色工艺为:在浴比1:50下,姜黄天然染料用量为5％(omf),染色温度为60℃,染色时间为40 min.采用该改性、染色工艺所染得棉织物的K/S值大大提高.经改性后的棉织物较未改性棉织物显示出良好的染色牢度,其皂洗牢度、摩擦牢度普遍提高了0.5～1级,达到了Oeko-Tex Standard 100的标准要求.     

食用色素日落黄对棉织物的染色性能研究

在棉织物传统浸染工艺基础上,研究了食用色素日落黄对棉织物的染色情况;重点讨论了棉纤维的阳离子改性对染色效果的影响;分析了阳离子改性剂用量、NaOH用量、预处理温度及时间;染色时间、温度、pH值等因素对棉织物染色效果的影响.理想的改性工艺为:改性剂50 g/L,NaOH 15 g/L,40℃,40 min,浴比20:1;理想的染色工艺为:元明粉10 g/L,pH值8,60℃,40 min,浴比30:1;实验发现,阳离子改性对食用色素上染棉织物的得色量及各项牢度提高较大.     

冬青叶色素的提取及其染色棉织物的研究

研究冬青叶色素的提取及其提取液染色棉织物的优化条件。利用正交实验研究提取时间、提取温度、料液比对冬青叶色素提取的影响以及浴比、温度、时间对棉织物上染率的影响,讨论了媒染法以及媒染剂用量对棉织物上染率及色牢度的影响。结果表明,95%乙醇是冬青叶色素提取的较佳试剂;冬青叶色素提取的优化工艺为:温度50℃,时间35 min,料液比1∶20;直接染色的优化工艺为:温度70℃,时间35 min,浴比1∶40;利用后媒染方式对冬青叶染料染色可以提高棉织物的染色效果,媒染剂用量为5 g/L。采用优化工艺条件染色的棉织物色牢度符合绿色纺织品的要求。     

壳聚糖改性棉织物的栀子黄染色性能

棉织物经壳聚糖处理后,再用栀子黄进行染色,测试并分析了染料用量、p H值、染色温度、染色时间对壳聚糖改性棉织物染色性能的影响,并设计正交实验来确定最佳染色工艺;且对染色后壳聚糖改性棉织物进行性能测试。结果表明,壳聚糖改性后棉织物的栀子黄染色性能较好;壳聚糖改性棉织物的最佳染色工艺为:栀子黄用量为9%、染色温度30℃、染色时间50 min、p H值为5;染色后壳聚糖改性棉织物防紫外线性能增强,耐摩擦色牢度及耐洗色牢度较好。     

天然染料紫草染色织物的迷彩伪装防护性能

采用传统的染色方法,用天然染料紫草对蚕丝和纯棉织物进行染色实验,研究了染色后这些织物的迷彩伪装性能。实验发现,用紫草染色的天然纤维织物不仅有很好的紫外防护性能,而且对可见近红外迷彩伪装也有很好的防护,其防护指标能达到军队的防护标准。紫草迷彩伪装性能可能是它的主要成分α萘醌的共轭电子跃迁的结果。     

棉织物还原染料染色及近红外伪装性能

利用织物反射光谱法,测量不同结构的还原染料染棉织物的近红外反射光谱,并与绿色树叶相比,对其伪装机理进行探讨。结果表明,还原染料所染棉织物具有与树叶类似的反射光谱曲线,不同种类还原染料所染棉织物的反射峰所处的波段不同,即染料结构决定了棉织物的近红外反射光谱。染色织物的反射光谱主要由红移量最多的染料反射光谱决定。     

槐米染色织物色牢度提升方法的研究

本文以槐米为原料,采用水煮法从中提取色素作为天然染料,然后用直接染色法对纯棉织物进行染色,分别用交联剂CX-100和固色剂2518对染色后的棉织物进行整理,以提高染色后织物的色牢度.实验结果表明,槐米色素的最佳提取工艺为:槐米用量15g/L,在100℃下水煮60min;直接法染色时的最佳pH值为9,染色温度为90℃,染色时间为60min;交联剂处理的最佳工艺为:染色棉织物→两浸两轧(交联剂用量50g/L,轧余率60%)→预烘(70℃×3min)→焙烘(110℃×3min).采用固色剂处理时,固色剂最佳用量为9%(o.m.f.),固色温度为50℃,时间为15min.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.