豆制品中二甲基黄和二乙基黄的检测方法研究

二甲基黄和二乙基黄是已见报道的可能被添加到豆制品中的两种非食用色素,为此本文建立了同时测定豆制品中二甲基黄与二乙基黄含量的高效液相色谱方法。样品经乙腈提取,氮吹浓缩后,用乙腈/水溶液定容,样液供高效液相色谱仪分析。本方法中二甲基黄和二乙基黄在0~50 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,二甲基黄线性相关系数r=0.9999,回收率在85%~95%之间;二乙基黄线性相关系数r=0.9995,回收率介于80%~87%,相对标准偏差均在5%以内。此方法准确可靠,应用性强,可作为豆制品中二甲基黄和二乙基黄含量测定的有效方法。该方法的建立为制定豆制品中二甲基黄和二乙基黄的检测标准方法提供了参考,同时为市场上相关产品的监督管理提供了技术支撑。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定粮油制品中的二甲基黄和二乙基黄含量

目的建立气相色谱-质谱法测定粮油制品中二甲基黄和二乙基黄的含量的分析方法。方法试样以1%醋酸的乙腈提取,采用油基质萃取管净化和HP-5MS色谱柱分离,质谱采用全扫描和选择离子模式测定,以外标法定量。同时考察了不同的提取溶剂及净化方式对回收率的影响。结果在添标水平为1、10和25 mg/kg时,二甲基黄和二乙基黄的平均回收率为76.3%~89.3%,相对标准偏差为3.0%~8.7%,二甲基黄的方法检出限为0.002 mg/kg,二乙基黄的检出限为0.001 mg/kg,符合检测方法参数的确认要求。结论该方法快速、准确,适用于粮油制品中的二甲基黄和二乙基黄含量。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定豆制品中 7种违禁色素的残留

目的建立高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法(high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS/MS)测定豆制品中二甲基黄、二乙基黄、罗丹明B、碱性橙2、碱性橙21、碱性橙22和碱性嫩黄7种违禁色素残留量的分析方法。方法豆制品经水溶解后,再以乙腈提取7种违禁色素,采用甲醇和0,1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,经Agilent ZORBAX SB-C_(18)色谱柱(50mm×2.1 mm,3.1μm)进行分离,电喷雾电离源(ESI),正离子模式,多反应监测模式(MRM)对违禁色素的定性离子和定量离子进行监测。结果本方法的线性范围为0~10.0 ng/mL,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.999,加标水平为2.0μg/kg时,回收率范围是80.5%~104.3%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.88%~7.63%,检出限为2.0μg/kg。结论该方法前处理简单,分析时间短,适用于对豆制品中7种违禁色素残留的同时检测。     

食品中红2G、二甲基黄、二乙基黄工业染料的同时测定

建立了肉制品、豆制品、调味品中红2G、二甲基黄和二乙基黄的高效液相色谱及液相色谱—质谱联用测定方法。结果表明,红2G的检出限为0.5mg/kg,二甲基黄、二乙基黄的检出限均为0.1 mg/kg,回收率为80.7%~91.8%,相对标准偏差为3.8%~7.8%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定豆制品中的二甲基黄残留量

目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS/MS)测定豆制品中的二甲基黄的含量。方法豆制品经乙腈超声提取,经色谱柱Thermo C_(18)Acclaim RSLC分离,采用乙腈:水(85:15,V:V)作为流动相进行等度洗脱;质谱(electronic spray ion,ESI+)采用多离子监测模式(multiple reactions monitoring,MRM)对二甲基黄的定量离子和定性离子进行监测。结果本方法在5 min内可完成二甲基黄的分离分析。二甲基黄在10~500μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,在50、100和200μg/L 3个添加水平下的加标回收率为90.2%~94.2%,相对标准偏差为0.926%(n=9),方法的检出限为0.4μg/kg。结论该方法快速准确、灵敏度高,可适用于测定豆制品中二甲基黄的残留量。     

高效液相色谱法测定固体饲料中的二氢吡啶

目的建立一种高效液相色谱测定固体饲料中二氢吡啶含量的分析方法。方法样品经乙腈超声提取、高速离心后旋蒸浓缩,以乙腈和超纯水为流动相,采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器对固体饲料中二氢吡啶进行检测。结果二氢吡啶在0.26~140μg/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r~20.999),回收率在81.6%~94.6%之间,相对标准偏差为0.3%~4.0%,方法检出限为0.04 mg/kg。结论本方法具有前处理简便、准确度高、精密度高和可靠性好等优点,可适用于畜禽饲料、水产饲料等常温下为固态的饲料基质中二氢吡啶的检测。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定豆制品中二甲基黄和碱性嫩黄O的含量

目的建立QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定豆制品中二甲基黄和碱性嫩黄O的含量。方法豆制品经20 m L乙腈-水(1:1,V:V)浸泡,采用QuEChERS方法进行萃取、净化,经Shim-pack XR-ODSⅢ色谱柱分离,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式进行质谱分析,外标法定量。结果二甲基黄在添加水平为0.5、1和10μg/kg时,方法回收率为81.6%~97.2%;碱性嫩黄O在添加水平为6、10和50μg/kg时,方法回收率为89.1%~100.7%;二甲基黄和碱性嫩黄O的相对标准偏差均小于12%(n=6);二甲基黄和碱性嫩黄O的检出限分别为0.5、2μg/kg;定量限分别为1.5、6μg/kg。结论该方法操作简便、快速准确,适用于豆制品中二甲基黄、碱性嫩黄O的快速筛查和定量分析。     

中国传统豆制品中异黄酮的超高效液相色谱紫外检测器快速定量法

建立了超高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(UPLC-UV)测定豆制品中大豆苷、黄豆黄苷、染料木苷、大豆苷元、黄豆黄素、染料木素的检测方法。采用酸化提取条件,将豆制品中大豆异黄酮及其修饰物水解成3种葡萄糖苷和3种苷元。采用BEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,梯度洗脱程序为:0~10 min,10%~45%乙腈;10~12 min,45%~100%乙腈。流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温45℃,在波长260 nm处进行紫外检测。6种大豆异黄酮组分在7.5 min内达到完全分离。建立了外标校正标准曲线(R2 ≥ 0.9998),检出限在0.05~0.1 mg·L-1之间,加标回收率在96.8%~102.0%之间。利用本方法对腐竹、豆干、素百叶、素鸡、嫩豆腐、老豆腐和内酯豆腐等7种传统豆制品中大豆异黄酮进行了定性定量分析,总大豆异黄酮含量在8.67~25.83 g/kg间。不同豆制品间6种大豆异黄酮中以大豆苷和染料木苷为主要成分,占88.0%~93.4%。结果表明,本研究建立的UPLC法可有效降低杂质干扰,色谱基线稳定且峰型良好,在10 min内实现对6种大豆异黄酮的快速定量检测,可良好应用于常见市售豆制品的营养评估与质量控制。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定植物油中香兰素、 甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素

目的建立高效液相色谱串联质谱同时检测植物油中香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素的分析方法。方法样品经乙腈提取后,以正己烷除脂净化,采用C_(18)色谱柱进行分离,以0.1%(V/V)甲酸水和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾正离子电离进行多反应监测模式监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)。结果方法加标回收率(n=6)为83.4%~96.8%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~4.6%,检出限为23~30μg/kg,定量限为76~100μg/kg。采用该方法对50批次市售植物油进行检测,只有香兰素被检出,检出浓度为160~830μg/kg。结论该方法操作简便、检测准确、分析速度快,适合植物油中香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱荧光法测定印染废水中的二苯胺

建立了印染废水中微量二苯胺的高效液相色谱荧光检测方法。样品经HLB固相萃取小柱净化、浓缩后,在Kromasil C18色谱柱上以水/乙腈(体积比20/80)为流动相进行分离,采用荧光检测器检测,检测波长λex为265 nm,λem为350 nm。二苯胺在5.0~500.0μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数0.999,回收率为92.3%~104.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~4.1%,方法的定量检出限(LOQ)为2.5μg/L。通过试验条件优化建立的方法干扰少、灵敏度高,适用于印染废水中二苯胺的检测。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.