果蔬食品中类胡萝卜素生物利用度研究进展

类胡萝卜素是一类重要的微量营养物质,其有益生理功效与果蔬食品中类胡萝卜素的绝对含量相关,更取决于其生物利用度。然而,由于类胡萝卜素的特殊存在形式和疏水特性,其从食物中释放并被吸收利用的比例通常非常低。本文综述了影响果蔬食品中类胡萝卜素生物利用度的关键因素,包括类胡萝卜素的种类和存在形式、食品(微观)结构和添加油脂对生物利用度的影响,展望果蔬食品中类胡萝卜素生物利用度的研究进展,可为生产具有较高类胡萝卜素生物利用度的果蔬食品及设计相应加工工艺提供理论依据。     

类胡萝卜素纯化及分析技术最新研究进展

类胡萝卜素是一类重要的天然色素的总称,随着现代分析检测技术的快速发展,发现了越来越多的类胡萝卜素。通过对类胡萝卜素的分析检测技术如液相色谱法、质谱法等以及前处理纯化方法如膜分离技术、高速逆流色谱技术等进行总结,以期为今后进一步研究类胡萝卜素的结构及性质提供方便。     

类胡萝卜素分子的聚集

类胡萝卜素被认为是食品中重要的营养物质.它们在含水食品中的分布和存在形式备受关注.本文综述了已报道的类胡萝卜素聚集研究方面的成果,期望对从事食品中类胡萝卜素研究的食品和营养科研人员有参考价值.     

国内食品安全快速检测仪器发展现状

食品安全问题是关系人类生存和社会发展重要课题,通过提高各种食品检测技术,加大监督检测的范围,成为解决食品安全问题的有效方式。而食品安全检测就涉及不同类型的仪器,大型仪器分析灵敏度高,但不易操作,耗时较长,在这种情况下小型快速检测仪器应运而生,成为食品监督检测中经常使用的仪器,它具有操作简便、方便携带和使用的特点,成为食品检测行业的新宠,适合各种日常范围的检测,成为未来食品检测技术发展的主要方向。     

公益一类食品检验检测机构建设

食品安全问题已成为国家治理中的重大问题和关注焦点,而食品检验检测是食品安全监管的重要技术支撑手段,加强食品检验检测机构建设对提高食品安全监管水平具有十分重要的意义。本文结合我国检验检测行业的现状,从公益一类检测机构的非盈利属性出发,阐述了公益一类食品检验检测机构建设对食品安全监管的必要性,并进一步对公益一类检验检测机构存在的问题进行了深入分析,最后就加强公益一类食品检验检测机构建设,完善食品安全监管技术支撑体系提出对策建议。     

非热加工技术对果蔬类胡萝卜素生物利用度的影响研究进展

类胡萝卜素是一类广泛存在于果蔬食品中的脂溶性天然色素,具有多种生理功能。通常果蔬中类胡萝卜素的生物利用度较低,不同加工方式对类胡萝素的释放和生物利用度会有不同的影响,通过科学的手段提高果蔬中类胡萝卜素的生物利用度成为果蔬加工领域研究的热点。本文简述了不同非热加工技术（高压均质技术,超高压技术,超声波技术,高压脉冲电场技术等）对果蔬类胡萝卜素生物利用度的影响,并简要总结了加工影响果蔬类胡萝卜素生物利用度的可能途径如破坏细胞壁等天然结构屏障,或促进果胶、脂质等物质的溶出,类胡萝卜素-蛋白质复合物结构破坏等,以期为不同非热加工技术用于提高果蔬类胡萝卜素生物利用度及营养品质精准调控提供参考。     

类胡萝卜素在食物中的分布

类胡萝卜素是细胞中一类对人类健康有益的次生代谢产物,广泛分布于食物中。现代分析技术的发展,尤其是高压液相色谱(HPLC)技术的发展,使人们对类胡萝卜素在食物中的分布情况有了较全面的了解。目前,人们需要从众多的检测数据中发现规律性的结果。同时,需要解决的主要问题是如何处理有时相互矛盾的数据。为此,本文收集食物中主要类胡萝卜素分布的检测数据,并试图总结出一些规律性的结论。本文还分析了同一食物形成不同检测数据的主要原因——环境和遗传因素的影响,并提出合理使用这些数据的观点。对于今后的工作,本文也提出一些建议,包括：进一步探索类胡萝卜素与健康的关系、提高食物中类胡萝卜素的利用率和发现新资源及正确分析HPLC 对类胡萝卜素的检测数据。     

新型面粉品质改良剂—过氧化苯甲酰

小麦粉品质改良剂是对小麦粉起漂白和促进成熟作用的一类食品添加剂.由于小麦粉中含有类胡萝卜素等色素,它具有易被氧化剂氧化的双键,从而转变成为无色物质,提高了小麦粉的白度.另外,氧化剂还能抑制小麦粉中蛋白酶的活性,避免蛋白质的分解,以提高面粉制品的贮藏性能.常用的面粉品质改良剂有二氧化氯、过氧化苯甲酰(这两种主要用于小     

植物性食品中类胡萝卜素的氧化降解 及其对食品品质的影响

类胡萝卜素在植物性食品中含有600余种之多,是植物性食品中含量最丰富、功能颇多的功能性成分。但是类胡萝卜素在生产、加工和贮运及消费等过程中,会因各种途径而氧化降解生成无色的紫罗兰酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯和氧化异佛尔酮等多种特征香气味物质,从而可以影响或改善食品品质。因而,本文首先简要地介绍了植物性食品中类胡萝卜素的主要种类和...     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的生物传感器检测食品中生物毒素研究进展

食品安全与人们的生活质量息息相关。生物毒素是一类广泛存在于各种食品中的有害物质,会对人类健康构成巨大威胁。准确、快速、便捷的检测复杂食品基质中的各类生物毒素含量具有迫切的实际意义。表面增强拉曼光谱（surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SERS）作为一种先进的分析工具,具有超高灵敏度、特异性,快速检测和较大检测范围等优点。近年来,基于SERS技术构建的生物传感策略已被成功用于各种生物毒素的超灵敏和特异性检测,已成为当前食品安全检测领域的重要分析方法。本综述概述了用于检测食品样品中常见的一些生物毒素的SERS生物传感器的基本原理,阐述了不同检测策略的灵敏性及适用范围,并简述了当前SERS生物传感检测策略的局限性和发展前景。     

Carotenoid deposition in plant and animal foods and its impact on bioavailability

Over the past decades, an enormous body of literature dealing with the natural deposition of carotenoids in plant- and animal-based foods has accumulated. Prominent examples are the large solid-crystalline aggregates in carrots and tomatoes or the lipid-dissolved forms in dairy products and egg yolk. Latest research has identified lipid-dissolved forms in a rare number of plant foods, such as tangerine tomatoes and peach palm fruit (Bactris gasipaes Kunth). In addition, liquid-crystalline forms were assumed in so-called tubular chromoplasts of numerous fruits, e.g., in papaya, mango, and bell pepper. The bioavailability of carotenoids from fresh and processed foods strongly depends on their genuine deposition form, since their effective absorption to the human organism requires their liberation from the food matrix and subsequent solubilization into mixed micelles in the small intestine. Consequently, a broad overview about the natural array of carotenoid deposition forms should be helpful to better understand and modulate their bioavailability from foods. Furthermore, naturally highly bioavailable forms may provide biomimetic models for the improved formulation of carotenoids in food supplements. Therefore, this review paper presents scientific evidence from human intervention studies associating carotenoid deposition forms with their bioavailability, thus suggesting novel technological and dietary strategies for their enhanced absorption.     

微生物源类胡萝卜素研究进展

类胡萝卜素对人类身体健康的重要性日益受到人们关注,越来越多的类胡萝卜素功能食品走进市场。为满足人们对类胡萝卜素日益增长的需要,成本低、纯度高、更加安全的微生物源类胡萝卜素产品有逐渐替代化学合成和植物提取产品的趋势。本文对类胡萝卜素在微生物中的分布、资源、生产技术和市场潜力进行综述,为更有效地利用微生物中的类胡萝卜素资源,研发相应的生产技术,向市场提供更安全、质量更好的类胡萝卜素产品提供参考。     

Recent progress in the use of functional foods for older adults: A narrative review

The number and proportion of older adults are increasing globally, and it is predicted that in 2020, there will be 723 million people worldwide aged 66 and older. In recent decades, numerous studies showed that healthy eating is positively associated with better nutritional status and quality of life, and the decreased incidence of noncommunicable diseases. As older adults become health conscious, the demand for foods and beverages rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds has increased. The increased demand for healthy food stimulated a recent rapid increase in designing, producing, and marketing functional foods to prevent or correct nutrient deficiencies and to improve the nutritional status of older adults. These functional products contain and/or are enriched with dietary fiber; omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; phytoestrogens; polyphenols; carotenoids such as alpha‐ and beta‐carotene; lutein and zeaxanthin; pre‐, pro‐, and synbiotics; and plant sterols and stanols. A limited number of publications have thoroughly addressed the effect of functional foods on the nutritional status of older adults. The goal of this review was to review existing recent research on the role of functional foods in healthy and active aging.     

Carotenoids as food colorants

The carotenoids are a chemically related group of pigments which occur widely and abundantly in nature. Fruits, vegetables and vegetable oils, dairy products, leaves, shrimp, lobster, the plumage of exotic birds, all contain carotenoids. Chemically, the carotenoids may be divided into carotenes, made up of carbon and hydrogen only, and oxycarotenoids containing oxygen in addition to carbon and hydrogen. The use of carotenoid‐containing plant extracts for coloring foods has been practiced for centuries and continues today. Advances in chemical synthesis resulted in the complete laboratory synthesis of beta carotene in 1950. Since then the commercial synthesis of several carotenoids has been accomplished. In the U.S. three of these commercially synthesized carotenoids, beta‐carotene, beta‐apo‐8'‐carotenal, and canthaxanthin, are accepted color additives for use in foods and are exempt from certification. These three carotenoids are also widely accepted for food use in other countries. This paper deals with the chemistry and synthesis of these three carotenoids, with special emphasis on their numerous commercially available market forms and their characteristics, and on the application of these carotenoids in the coloring of food products.     

褐藻中降血压活性物质及其提取工艺研究进展

褐藻为我国的重要海产资源,含有丰富的营养成分及活性物质,近年来在褐藻中提取食源性降血压活性物质已成为研究热点。文章综述了褐藻中降血压物质降血压肽、氨基酸、褐藻多酚、类胡萝卜素、多糖等的降血压作用,分析比较了褐藻中降血压物质的提取工艺。通过褐藻高效利用提取分离褐藻中的降血压活性物质,为其开发功能性食品提供参考。     

The production of provitamin A‐rich vegetables in home‐gardens as a means of addressing vitamin A deficiency in rural African communities

Vitamin A deficiency remains a public health problem in the developing world. The highest prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is in Africa and Asia (>30%). Dietary modification, a long‐term strategy to address vitamin A deficiency, complements food fortification and vitamin A supplementation programmes. Provitamin A carotenoids from foods of plant origin are more affordable than preformed vitamin A from animal foods, and many resource‐poor households rely on yellow/orange‐fleshed vegetables and fruits and dark‐green leafy vegetables as their main source of vitamin A. The provitamin A carotenoid content in plant foods varies widely and differences among cultivars of the same food exist. Several factors influence the bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids. The potential contribution of plant foods to vitamin A status depends on the retention of provitamin A carotenoids after storage, preparation and processing. Home‐gardens can provide households with direct access to provitamin A‐rich vegetables that are not readily available or within their financial reach. The components and critical issues of home‐garden projects are described. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

微生物产生的类胡萝卜素及其工业化

在自然界中已发现有６００多种类胡萝卜素，被多数国家批准使用于食品、饲料、药物及化妆品的类胡萝卜素约有１０多种，许多微生物能产生复杂多样的类胡萝卜素，本文评述在利用微生物产生除β－胡萝卜素以外的其它５种有用的类胡萝卜素方面的研究发展近况及产业化价值。     

类胡萝卜素的氧化降解及其对面粉品质的影响

类胡萝卜素是一类具有众多特殊功能的物质,面粉及其原料中含有丰富的类胡萝卜素。但类胡萝卜素在面粉的贮藏和加工过程中,会因各种途径而氧化降解生成无色的紫罗兰酮、假紫罗兰酮、二氢弥猴桃内酯和氧化异佛尔酮等具有特征香气的产物,促使面粉及其制品的色泽改善和香气特征的形成,并对提高其品质等产生有益的影响,对开发营养丰富、香气宜人、滋味佳的新型主食类食品有重要启迪。本文就此进行综述,并对类胡萝卜素的氧化降解途径、降解机理和主要降解物香气特征及其对面粉与面粉制品品质的影响等进行重点讨论,还对面粉中类胡萝卜素深度利用及氧化降解研究存在的问题等作出展望。