竹浆纤维织物风格的客观分析与评价

采用KES-FB风格评价系统测定了竹浆纤维织物在低负荷下的基本力学性能,在此基础上计算织物的6项基本风格值。通过对试样基本力学性能指标的因子分析,得到表达竹浆纤维织物风格的弯曲变形、硬挺厚重度、丰满度和表面匀整度4个综合指标。     

竹原纤维织物风格测试与分析

利用KES-FB织物风格评价系统对竹原纤维织物的柔软、表面摩擦、拉伸、剪切等指标进行了测试,并与竹浆织物、苎麻织物和棉织物进行了风格对比,结果表明：纯竹原纤维类织物试样滑爽度和平展度最好,硬挺度较大,丰满度较小。较适宜做女式轻薄春秋季外衣服装面料。为竹原纤维面料产品的开发提供了一定的依据。     

绢丝/壳聚糖混纺织物的手感风格

用绢纺工艺将绢丝与壳聚糖纤维进行混纺,制成三种混纺比为90/10、80/20、70/30的绢丝/壳聚糖混纺纱,以绢丝/壳聚糖混纺纱及纯绢丝为经纬纱设计加工了16块织物。采用KES-FB-AUTO型系列织物风格仪测试了低应力下与织物手感有关的16项力学性能指标,根据川端面料评价系统中女士轻薄型外衣面料基本风格计算公式,得到织物的6项基本风格值:硬挺度、平展度、柔顺度、丰满度、滑爽度、丝鸣感。结果表明,与纯绢丝织物相比,绢丝/壳聚糖混纺织物的硬挺度、平展度、滑爽度和丝鸣感值较高,柔顺度值较低,而两者的丰满度值相差不大。     

PTT/桑蚕丝交织物的手感特征

为了将PTT纤维优异的弹性回复能力与丝绸优异的风格相结合,采用PTT长丝和桑蚕丝试制了15种PTT/桑蚕丝交织面料及1种纯PTT织物,此外还购买了3种真丝织物。用KES-FB-AUTO系列织物风格仪测试了与手感相关的16项力学性能指标,并以薄型女装面料为标准,计算了织物的硬挺度、平展度、柔顺度、丰满度、滑爽度和光滑度等6项基本手感风格值。对比分析了真丝织物和PTT/桑蚕丝交织物的手感特征,研究结果表明:与真丝面料相比,PTT/桑蚕丝交织物的硬挺度、平展度、滑爽度和光滑度值较低,而柔顺度和丰满度值较高。     

男士棉衬衫面料的手感测试与评价

采用KES-FB风格仪测试了30块全棉男士衬衫面料的拉伸、剪切、弯曲、压缩以及表面性能等16项指标,讨论了衬衫面料各项指标的范围,利用日本川端风格评价公式计算其硬挺度、滑爽度、平展度和丰满度,从而对衬衫面料的风格做出了客观评价,并讨论了织物4项基本风格与织物紧度及平方米克重的相关性。     

丝胶蛋白整理氧化竹原纤维织物的风格评价

为提高丝胶蛋白在竹原纤维改性整理中的效果,首先采用高碘酸钠对竹原纤维织物进行选择性氧化,再利用丝胶蛋白溶液对氧化竹原织物进行改性整理,并借助KES-FB风格测试仪对氧化前后及丝胶蛋白溶液整理前后的竹原纤维织物进行了力学性能评价分析.结果表明,整理后的竹原纤维织物力学性能得到了一定程度改善.     

气流槽聚型紧密纺纯苎麻织物的开发与评价

对气流槽聚型紧密纺和普通环锭纺两种纺纱方式的苎麻纱线进行上浆、织造,并对织制的织物采用KES - FB织物风格仪测试其基本力学性能,在此基础上计算得到织物的4项基本风格值.实验结果表明,气流槽聚型紧密纺苎麻纱织物的滑爽度、硬挺度、平展度较普通环锭纱织物好,两种纱线织物丰满度差异不大,前者更适合作为夏季衬衫面料.     

珍珠纤维织物的KES风格评价应用

为探究珍珠纤维及其混纺织物与粘胶纤维织物的风格特征,在相同条件下纺制和织造了珍珠/粘胶、珍珠/棉、珍珠/莫代尔、珍珠/天丝和粘胶、珍珠纤维6种织物,并测试其风格特征.研究结果表明:珍珠纤维和粘胶织物的综合风格值分别为2.46和2.23,珍珠织物更加适合男士衬衣面料的开发;珍珠纤维混纺织物中,珍珠/棉织物具有较好的硬挺度和平展度;珍珠/莫代尔织物的丰满度最好;珍珠/天丝织物的滑爽度最好;珍珠/粘胶织物在滑爽度、硬挺度和丰满度方面均适中.     

家用洗涤对天然彩色棉织物风格的影响

为了解家用洗涤对天然彩色棉织物性能的影响,制备了含天然彩色棉的机织物,采用FAST对洗涤后织物的风格进行研究。研究表明:首次洗涤对织物风格的影响最大,织物在初次洗涤后有变柔软和丰满的趋势,随着洗涤次数的增加,织物风格丰满度逐渐下降而使织物有变滑爽的趋势;与纯白棉织物相比,含彩色棉的织物经过家用洗涤后有挺括、成型性变好的趋势;Lyocell纤维的加入,使彩色棉织物变得滑爽,家用洗涤后织物的剪切刚度下降,穿着相对舒适。     

芳纶阻燃织物风格的测试分析

为了解目前市场上常销芳纶阻燃织物的风格特征,选取了8种芳纶阻燃织物试样,在KES-FB织物风格仪上测试了各试样的基本力学性能;在此基础上计算得到用于男士秋冬季节西服面料的硬挺度、平滑度和丰满度三项基本风格值及综合风格值。结果表明芳纶阻燃织物的硬挺度和平滑度较大,丰满度适中,综合风格值处于良好和一般之间。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.