不同前处理方法对植物油中苯并（a）芘测定的影响

建立直接萃取法、中性氧化铝柱法及分子印迹柱法3种前处理方法，用于高效液相色谱–荧光检测器法测定植物油中苯并（a）芘的含量。结果表明，在0.5～50 ng/m L浓度范围内，苯并（a）芘标准曲线浓度与其对应色谱峰面积线性关系良好，相关系数为0.999 3。以空白植物油样品为基质进行加标回收实验，当苯并（a）芘添加水平分别为2、15、25μg/kg时，直接萃取法、分子印迹柱法及中性氧化铝柱法的平均回收率分别为98.8%～102.8%、91.1%～101.0%及91.8%～113.7%，相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为0.8%～2.0%、2.3%～7.3%和1.9%～8.8%。直接萃取法前处理简单、精密度好、准确度及灵敏度高、成本低，适用于植物油中苯并（a）芘的检测。     

植物油中苯并（a）芘含量测定方法的建立

采用先皂化再层析洗脱的方法对样品进行前处理,建立了高效液相色谱法测定植物油中苯并(a)芘含量的方法。结果表明:建立的方法加标回收率为99. 5%～106%,RSD为0. 68%～3. 6%,前处理具有成本低(10元/样)、耗时短(60 min),试剂无水乙醇无毒、环保的优点,适用于大批量植物油中苯并(a)芘含量的测定。     

凝胶渗透色谱-高效液相色谱联用测定食用植物油中苯并(a)芘

为建立凝胶渗透色谱-高效液相色谱联用技术测定食用植物油中苯并(a)芘残留量的分析方法,采用凝胶渗透色谱进行样品前处理,用反相高效液相色谱荧光法对样品中苯并(a)芘残留量进行测定,以保留时间定性、外标法定量。结果表明,苯并(a)芘在0～20μg/L范围内,其线性相关系数是0.9998,植物油样品的最低检出限为0.1μg/kg,加标回收率为88.3%～94.4%,相对标准偏差为2.3%～4.9%。该方法灵敏度高、准确度好,对5种不同浓度质控样品进行测试分析,均获得满意结果,说明本方法适用于食用植物油中苯并(a)芘的快速测定。     

不同前处理方法对植物油中苯并(a)芘含量测定的影响

通过对比硅胶柱层析法、正己烷-乙醚混合液洗脱氧化铝柱层析法、石油醚洗脱氧化铝柱层析法、溶剂萃取法对植物油中苯并(a)芘含量测定的影响,从而选择最佳的前处理方法。结果表明:当苯并(a)芘质量浓度为7.575 0 ng/m L以下时,硅胶柱层析法的回收率达到100%;正己烷-乙醚混合液洗脱氧化铝柱层析法的回收率达到90%以上,其RSD都在1.0%以下。说明这两种前处理方法的回收率高且稳定,皆能准确地测出植物油中的苯并(a)芘含量;而石油醚洗脱氧化铝柱层析法和溶剂萃取法的回收率分别为54.9%~66.4%和37.3%~44.7%,RSD分别为0.19%~0.77%和1.35%~3.48%,表明这两种方法对植物油中苯并(a)芘含量测定具有较大的误差。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱荧光法测定植物油中苯并(a)芘

采用中性氧化铝小柱净化样品,建立固相萃取-超高效液相色谱荧光法测定植物油中苯并(a)芘的方法。样品以正己烷为提取剂,净化、蒸发浓缩后正己烷溶解,荧光检测器检测。流动相为乙腈-水(75:25,V/V),流速0.5mL/min,外标法定量。苯并(a)芘在0.10～50.0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2为0.9998;在空白样品中添加3个水平的标准品,回收率在91.7%～97.5%之间,相对标准偏差均小于2%(n＝3);最低检出限为0.01μg/kg,定量限为0.03μg/kg。方法操作简便、分析时间短、稳定性好、选择性好、灵敏度高,为植物油中苯并(a)芘的测定提供参考。     

凝胶渗透色谱法测定食用植物油中苯并（a）芘

建立简便、准确的食用植物油中苯并（a）芘测定的凝胶渗透色谱-液相色谱荧光检测方法。样品经环己烷-乙酸乙酯（1∶1,v/v）溶解,利用凝胶渗透色谱系统净化,洗脱液经真空旋转蒸发浓缩后氮吹至干,乙腈定容后用带荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定。结果,苯并（a）芘在0.21～52.50 ng/mL范围具有良好的线性,检出限为0.2 μg/kg,最低定量限为0.7 μg/kg,灵敏度高、线性好、范围宽。三级大豆油、四级菜籽油、一级菜籽油、一级山茶油、芝麻油、橄榄油共6 种不同种类和级别的食用植物油加标样品中低、中、高3 个添加水平的回收率在98.6%～103.5%之间,相对标准偏差（n=6）在2.98%～4.69%之间。2 a跟踪测定1 份芝麻油阳性样品10 次,其平均值为10.94 μg/kg,相对标准偏差为2.12%。建立的方法操作简单,能有效去除油脂基质的干扰,准确度高,重复性好,克服了GB/T 22509-2008《动植物油脂 苯并（a）芘的测定：反相高效液相色谱法》方法测定苯并（a）芘时氧化铝活度不易控制的技术难题,检测批量植物油样品中苯并（a）芘时效率提高。     

食用植物油中苯并（a）芘检测结果分析

目的：测定国内外食用植物油19个种类262份样品苯并（a）芘残留含量,为食用油脂质量安全监管提供科学依据。方法：采用中性氧化铝净化,高效液相色谱分离,荧光检测器检测苯并（a）芘残留含量。结果：食用植物油中苯并（a）芘的检出率98．5％,超标率占样品总数的2．3％。所检测食用植物油中苯并（a）芘污染最严重的是芝麻油。     

冷冻离心净化-高效液相色谱法测定植物油中苯并(a)芘含量

摘要：建立了冷冻离心净化-高效液相色谱测定植物油中苯并（a）芘含量的方法。样品经乙腈-丙酮（体积比4∶ 6）提取,采用冷冻离心净化,Kromasil C18柱分离,在乙腈-水（体积比9∶ 1）为流动相、流速1.0 mL/min、激发波长365 nm、发射波长406 nm条件下,采用荧光检测器检测。结果表明：苯并（a）芘在0.2~20 μg/L范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 7）;植物油样品中苯并（a）芘低、中、高3个水平的平均加标回收率在81.3%~90.8%之间,相对标准偏差为1.35%~2.97%;检出限和定量限分别为0.13 μg/kg和0.5 μg/kg。该方法准确、简单,适于植物油中苯并（a）芘含量的测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定植物油中苯并(a)芘含量

将适量的试样溶解于石油醚中,用中性氧化铝柱净化,用石油醚洗脱苯并(a)芘,荧光检测器检测。结果显示,苯并(a)芘色谱峰面积与质量浓度在0～50μg/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 5);方法的最低检测限为0.2μg/kg。苯并(a)芘的回收率为88.3%～98.5%。证明该方法准确、灵敏、快捷,建立了一种反相高效液相色谱法测定植物油中苯并(a)芘含量的方法。     

全自动固相萃取净化-高效液相色谱法测定食用植物油中苯并(a)芘含量

为提高工作效率,降低误差,建立分子印迹柱全自动固相萃取净化-高效液相色谱法测定食用植物油中苯并(a)芘含量的方法。样品经正己烷提取,采用全自动固相萃取仪进行分子印迹柱净化,C18色谱柱分离,高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测。结果表明：苯并(a)芘在0.5～20.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 9,方法检出限为0.09μg/kg,定量限为0.30μg/kg,加标回收率为91.7%～111.8%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～8.2%,与国标方法的检测结果不存在显著性差异;对市售38份食用植物油样品进行检测发现,苯并(a)芘的检出率为76.3%。该方法准确度高、重复性好,可批量自动化前处理样品,提高工作效率,并降低人员操作误差风险,适用于食用植物油中苯并(a)芘含量的测定。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.