A076型成卷三自动机构改进

A076型清棉机成卷机构的放辊和生头动作,原由辅助轴的运动来完成。辅助轴是由第三紧压罗拉传动的。虽机构外形简洁,但传动复杂,动作校正困难,可靠性差,故障频繁,维修也不够方便。针对存在问题作了如下改进。一、生头机构改进拆除原辅助轴的全部机件,将下生头机构改为上生头机构(如图1)。该机构主要由生头辊、生头臂和生头座滑槽等组成。生头动作由原推辊板来控制。当推辊板推出棉卷,预备棉卷辊     

A076C型成卷机三自动装置的改进

A076C型成卷机三自动装置存在的主要问题: 1.活槽控制生头板阻力大,易轧住;扭簧易错位;小活轮易轧住,复位不及时。 2.1XCR不释放,造成压钩连续升降,连续放辊生头。 3.1XCR同时控制棉卷压钩升降和辅助轴转动,由于摩擦片离合器摩擦力变化,影响棉卷压钩的灵活度,造成速度上的差异及电气故障,使动作不协调,造成放辊生头与落卷相撞,使离合牙,放辊凿轮损坏,甚至使托脚移位,凿轮咬合不良,生头板断裂,扇形牙断裂     

A076型成卷机自动生头装置的改进

传统的A076型成卷机生头方法有机械自动生头、手动生头和油生头等方式,但都存在着弊端.由于机械自动生头装置存在传动复杂、故障率高、维修困难、维修费用高等缺陷,使用厂家大都改用手动生头或者油生头.手动生头工作效率低,一个人只能看管两个头,如果挡车工稍不注意就会使生头过长,造成梳棉机双卷喂入,严重时发生梳棉"噎车"现象损坏针布,再者,如果挡车工精力不集中,极易造成人身事故.油生头准确率低,易造成棉花污染,同时还会造成油料浪费.     

托盘式自动络筒机管纱生头装置分析

影响托盘式自动络筒机效率的关键工序是管纱生头。文章通过对青岛纺织机械股份有限公司络筒机生头装置各部分的结构进行理论分析,详述了其在工艺上的先进性、高效性,指出该装置的生头方式能很好地实现生头功能,对于常见品种的纱线,具有很高的生头成功率。     

A076C型成卷机自动生头装置的改进

A076C型成卷机自动生头装置因使用效果不好,维修困难,故障率高,机件易损坏,许多单位都拆除不用。我厂也曾一度拆除,改用肥皂水,锭子油或机油浸泡泡沫塑料生头。由于水、油生头污染棉花,生头准确率低,且人工生头又极易造成工伤事故。为此我们自1985年开始,对A076C型成卷机的自动生头部分进行了改造:     

立达E5/3型条并卷联合机揩车后生头方法的改进

我厂自1993年4月引进立达ES／3型条并卷联合机开车以来，机器运转正常，但每次揩车后的生头操作是件令人麻烦的事。外国专家教的生头方法是每次使用生头板生头。这种方法使用起来非常麻烦，不易掌握且有缺陷。。首先，它容易使棉层过厚，导致接近开关B62亮灯，这时要将B62距离调大，方可开车。其次，用生头板生头，开车稍快，容易导致生头板有机玻璃部分破裂。此外，生头板上的绒布也容易被扭成条状，导致整个生头板水能使用。目前我厂已损坏一个，生头板随机只带三个，且目前国内尚无厂家生产。为解决这些问题，我们做了一些改进，具体方…     

清棉成卷机紧压罗拉外安全罩

清棉成卷机紧压罗拉弧形安全罩（俗称外生头器）靠两端托脚挂在车头小墙板上，棉卷生头需要时可将其摘下，生好头后再挂上，经常摘挂使两端托脚很容易松动，造成开车过程中生头器一端有时会脱落下来，卡断棉层，给挡车操作带来不便。为了消除生头器脱落和生头时需摘挂的不便情况，我们在生头器两端各装上一个长臂杆，长臂杆另一端焊接一个套环，然后将套环活套在紧压罗拉上安全栅轴上（如附图）。这样生头器为活动式，可以放下，可以掀开。平时正常开车时将生头器放下来起安全隔离作用；棉层断头后挡车工生头时可将生头器掀上去，不影响生头…     

清棉机液体生头装置

上棉十九厂革新成功了清棉机液体生头装置,经几个月来运转,效果良好。其主要结构如下: 在棉卷辊底部放有液体盒,内有液体润滑粘结剂(锭子油),与棉卷辊接合处为泡沫塑料。以棉卷罗拉为动力,通过过桥轮传动棉卷辊,以4转/分的速度转动。当棉卷辊转动时,润滑粘结剂经泡沫塑料的透气孔在棉卷辊处形成均匀的薄膜层。当升降压杆下降时,使棉卷辊自动翻进,此时棉层不超出棉卷辊,由棉卷辊上的粘结剂把棉层粘住,完成自动生头动作。     

FA141型单打手成卷机在京通过鉴定

郑州纺织机械厂设计试制的FA141型单打手成卷机,于今年3月14～15日在北京一棉通过了鉴定。该机打手和尘笼部分是在A076C型的基础上改进设计的,成卷部分采用了A071型的成熟机构,并吸收、消化了引进设备的某些有关性能。该机的主要特点是: 1.棉卷加压采用压卷罗拉外加压方式,玻璃钢棉卷扦直接生头,机构简单,生头率高。 2.紧压罗拉加压、棉卷压钩升降、压卷罗拉加压成卷等动作均采用气动技术,棉卷渐增加压也用气压调节。 3.紧压罗拉最大压力4000公斤,成卷重量最大30公斤。     

Autocoro312型转杯纺纱机生头装置改进

Autocoro312型转杯纺纱机的接头机生头装置,在新机使用2个月后,生头纱就出现回吸现象,生头困难,影响机器效率,只有更换生头装置中的切刀,才能保证生头正常.这种刀片需从德国进口,单价140元/个,最快到货也需3个月,时间赶不上使用周期.为不影响机器正常使用,我公司对生头装置进行了改进.     

Applications of emerging imaging techniques for meat quality and safety detection and evaluation: A review

With improvement in people's living standards, many people nowadays pay more attention to quality and safety of meat. However, traditional methods for meat quality and safety detection and evaluation, such as manual inspection, mechanical methods, and chemical methods, are tedious, time-consuming, and destructive, which cannot meet the requirements of modern meat industry. Therefore, seeking out rapid, non-destructive, and accurate inspection techniques is important for the meat industry. In recent years, a number of novel and noninvasive imaging techniques, such as optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, tomographic imaging, thermal imaging, and odor imaging, have emerged and shown great potential in quality and safety assessment. In this paper, a detailed overview of advanced applications of these emerging imaging techniques for quality and safety assessment of different types of meat (pork, beef, lamb, chicken, and fish) is presented. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technique are also summarized. Finally, future trends for these emerging imaging techniques are discussed, including integration of multiple imaging techniques, cost reduction, and developing powerful image-processing algorithms.     

采前喷施壳聚糖复合膜对猕猴桃软腐病的防控及其保鲜作用

以‘贵长’猕猴桃为试材,通过病原菌分离、致病性测定和DNA测序鉴定了修文县猕猴桃软腐病病原菌,并选用壳聚糖、钙盐和糊精分别与茶多酚、甘氨酸、柠檬酸、抗菌肽混合制备和筛选了复合膜剂,研究了采前幼果期和壮果末期果面喷施壳聚糖复合膜对猕猴桃软腐病的防控及其保鲜作用。结果表明,修文县猕猴桃软腐病病原菌为葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea）和拟茎点霉菌（Phomopsis sp.）;采前喷施不同壳聚糖复合膜对其软腐病的防效均达60%以上（添加茶多酚防效86.54%、甘氨酸防效61.54%、柠檬酸防效71.15%、抗菌肽防效69.23%）,显著降低丙二醛（MDA）积累,提高果实的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,诱导增强果实的抗病性。同时,该复合膜能有效地增加果实单果质量和体积,显著提高果实VC、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、叶绿素和蛋白质的含量,促进猕猴桃产量的增加和品质的改善。此外,施用该复合膜还能有效提高和维持果实硬度、降低果实呼吸强度以及果实质量损失率和营养物质的损失,明显抑制果实可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖含量的上升速率和延缓组织的衰老软化,从而提高了猕猴桃耐贮性。研究结果为猕猴桃优质栽培、病害有机防控和果实绿色保鲜提供了科学依据和新途径。     

可持续生产再生资源表面活性剂的国际研究进展（网络首发、推荐阅读）

表面活性剂是重要的化学产品,作为乳化剂和界面改性剂应用于家用洗涤剂、个人护理产品、油漆和涂料、食品、化妆品和制药工业中。聚焦表面活性剂在研究和开发方面取得的最新国际进展,尤其以改善其在整个生命周期的生态可持续性,包括以再生资源为原料的衍生物、使用绿色制造原则生产、以及在消费者使用和处置过程中提高生物相容性和生物降解性。生物基表面活性剂来源于植物油、多糖、蛋白质、磷脂和其他可再生资源,目前约占表面活性剂市场的24%,这一比例预计还将增加,特别是在亚洲。可再生能源的使用对消费者很有吸引力,因为这能减少二氧化碳（一种与气候变化有关的温室气体）的产生。酶可以通过减少有机溶剂、水和能源的使用,减少副产品和废物的形成,大大提高工艺的可持续性。在用于合成表面活性剂的生物酶中,脂肪酶是最强效的,因其具有较高的生物催化活性、操作稳定性和形成或切割酯、酰胺和硫代酯键的能力。为了使酶成为表面活性剂的强效催化剂,需对其进一步研究开发,以提高催化生产率、稳定性和降低其购买成本。     

Effects of Dietary Components on Cancer of the Digestive System

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in developed countries and poor diet and physical inactivity are major risk factors in cancer-related deaths. Therefore, interventions to reduce levels of smoking, improve diet, and increase physical activity must become much higher priorities in the general population's health and health care systems. The consumption of fruit and vegetables exerts a preventive effect towards cancer and in recent years natural dietary agents have attracted great attention in the scientific community and among the general public. Foods, such as tomatoes, olive oil, broccoli, garlic, onions, berries, soy bean, honey, tea, aloe vera, grapes, rosemary, basil, chili peppers, carrots, pomegranate, and curcuma contain active components that can influence the initiation and the progression of carcinogenesis, acting on pathways implied in cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. The present review illustrates the main foods and their active components, including their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and pro-apoptotic properties, with a particular focus on the evidence related to cancers of the digestive system.     

Proximate composition and mineral contents of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) breast meat, claw meat and hepatopancreas

The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional composition of the breast, claw meat and hepatopancreas of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). Samples were subjected to proximate (protein, fat, ash and moisture) and calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium (Ca, Mg, P, K and Na) analyses. Protein, fat, ash and moisture of the breast, claw meat and hepatopancreas of the blue crab averaged 19.05, 0.59, 2.10 and 76.85 g/100 g, respectively. The results have revealed that this species is a rich source of protein, Ca, Mg, P and Na. Claw meat had higher protein concentrations (19.55 g/100 g) than both breast meat and hepatopancreas (18.81 g/100 g). Na was predominant element among minerals analysed. There were significant differences between Ca, Mg, P, K and Na contents of claw, breast meat and hepatopancreas of the blue crab. Information on the nutrient composition is needed to facilitate the processing, utilisation and marketing of blue crab products. Blue crab could balance human nutrition and could be used as an alternative dietary supplement of proteins and mineral matter.     

中国与主要发达国家牛羊禽肉与猪肉比价分析

分析了1995年以来美国、欧盟、日本、韩国和我国猪牛羊禽肉价格走势。除日本外,其余国家牛肉和猪肉价格均呈上涨趋势;美国、欧盟和中国羊肉价格以及美国、欧盟、韩国和中国鸡肉均呈涨势。日本和韩国牛肉/猪肉比价显著高于其它国家,总体呈降势,美国、欧盟和中国则呈增加趋势。我国牛羊肉/猪肉比价季节性不明显。我国和韩国鸡肉/猪肉比价处于低位。     

纺织检测技术与仪器发展的回顾及前瞻

由于数学、物理学、机械工程学、电子学，特别是微电子学、计算机网络技术和数据处理技术的发展，纺织检测理论和技术取得了长足的发展，纺织检测仪器的自动化水平、检测功能综合及复合程度都有了极大提高。随着市场经济的发展和全球经济一体化进程的推进，纺织材料品质检验工作将逐步完善实施第三方客观公证检验制度，并且将增加新的检测项目，数量逐步加大，逐步建立起以产品质量法为基准，标准和合同质量承诺相结合的质量保证体系。     

Bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, and heme iron content in unaged and aged meat of Hereford and Braford steers fed pasture

The content and the bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe were determined in unaged and aged meat (14days) from the Psoas major (PM), Gluteus medius (GM) and Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of Hereford (H) and Braford breed (B) steers fed pasture. Furthermore, the content of heme-Fe was determined in the same muscles. The H had a lower content of Cu and a higher content of Fe. Also, H had more heme-Fe than B. The bioaccessibility in unaged meat for Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe ranged between 75 and 91%, 30 and 45%, 40 and 68%, 55 and 95%, and 60 and 70%, respectively. After aging, the bioaccessibility for the same minerals ranged between 58 and 80%, 30 and 48%, 40 and 58%, 75 and 95%, and 59 and 70%, respectively. Aging affected negatively the Se content and its bioaccessibility, in the two breeds. Also, the heme-Fe content was negatively affected by aging in all muscles and breeds.     

Composites from Bast Fibres-Prospects and Potential in the Changing Market Environment

Abstract

Composite materials reinforced with natural fibres, such as flax, hemp, kenaf and jute, are gaining increasing importance in automotive, aerospace, packaging and other industrial applications due to their lighter weight, competitive specific strength and stiffness, improved energy recovery, carbon dioxide sequestration, ease and flexibility of manufacturing and environmental friendliness besides the benefit of the renewable resources of bast fibres. The market scenario for composite applications is changing due to the introduction of newer biodegradable polymers, such as PLA synthesized from corn, development of composite making techniques and new stringent environmental laws requiring improved recyclability or biodegradability for industrial applications where stress bearing capacities and micro-mechanical failures dictate serviceability. Bast fibre reinforced composites, made from biodegradable polymers, will have to compete with conventional composites in terms of their mechanical behaviour. Biocomposites, in which natural fibres, such as kenaf, jute, flax, hemp, sisal, corn stalk, bagasse or even grass are embedded in a biodegradable matrix, made as bioplastics from soybean, corn and sugar, have openedup new possibilities for applications in automotive and building products. Obviously, new approaches to research and development will be required to improve their mechanical properties, such as tensile, bending and impact resistance to match their performance and commercial competitiveness against petroleum based products. The research community has to look at the various possibilities of combining natural fibres, such as sisal, flax, hemp and jute with polymer matrices from non-renewable and renewable resources to develop cost effective biocomposites. This paper will review the newer products and techniques that can improve the properties of bast fibre based composites as well as potential structural and non-structural applications which can increase their market share.     

Bioactive Components and Health-Promoting Properties of Yuzu (Citrus ichangensis × C. reticulate)

Yuzu (Citrus ichangensis × C. reticulate) fruit is an important functional food that possesses several health-promoting properties. It has been widely used in commercial medical products, healthy foods, and cosmetics in many countries. Yuzu is a rich source of wide variety of non-nutritive compounds, such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and tannins; as well as nutritive compounds such as sugars, proteins, vitamins, fibers, and minerals. Yuzu fruit (juice, peel, and seeds) and its bioactive compounds have been demonstrated to have numerous functional properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiplatelet, angiogenesis, and antimicrobial properties, both in vitro and in vivo. These diverse applications provided by the yuzu fruit (juice, peel, and seeds) and its bioactive compounds are of great industrial importance. This review summarizes the composition, nutritional values, and functional properties of yuzu fruit, and their biological activity in relation to their potential impact on human health.