基于二维碳化钛材料修饰的功能棉针织物制备及其性能

为拓展二维碳化钛材料在棉针织物中的应用,制备具有一定耐水洗性能的导电棉针织物,首先利用LiF/HCl混合溶液刻蚀前驱体钛碳化铝获得二维碳化钛导电材料(Ti₃C₂T_x),再对棉针织物进行阳离子化改性,使Ti₃C₂T_x通过静电作用附着到阳离子化的棉针织物表面,得到导电棉针织物材料。借助X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等手段对棉针织物在阳离子化改性前后以及负载Ti₃C₂T_x前后进行形貌表征和元素分析。通过RTS-9型四探针测试导电棉针织物的表面电阻,对棉针织物阳离子化改性工艺及Ti₃C₂T_x在阳离子化棉针织物表面的负载条件进行了优化。得到棉针织物阳离子化改性的最佳工艺:阳离子改性剂用量为10%(o.w.f),氢氧化钠质量浓度为10 g/L,获得Ti₃C₂T<...     

Ti3C2Tx的制备及在化纤织物表面的负载

利用HCl/LiF混合体系对前驱体钛碳化铝进行刻蚀,得到二维碳化钛纳米片。采用简单抽滤的方式在涤纶、芳纶表面沉积一层致密平整的Ti₃C₂T_x纳米片薄膜,从而制备了两种导电化纤织物。结果表明,Ti₃C₂T_x自支撑膜的红外发射率为0.089,表面电阻为0.35Ω/sq,电导率可达到51.25 S/cm。采用抽滤的Ti₃C₂T_x分散液处理后,Ti₃C₂T_x/涤纶的表面电阻为0.53Ω/sq,电导率可达到36.35 S/cm,红外发射率为0.102。Ti₃C₂T_x/芳纶的表面电阻3.03Ω/sq,电导率可达到5.64 S/cm,红外发射率为0.205。经过四周,Ti₃C₂T_x/涤纶-20表面电阻增长至0....     

二维过渡金属碳化物(Ti3C2Tx)对棉针织物的功能整理及其性能分析

为拓展二维过渡金属碳化物(MXene)在纺织品中的应用,基于LiF/HCl选择性刻蚀作用原理,以Ti₃AlC₂为前驱体,制备出二维纳米材料Ti₃C₂T_x。借助透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱衍射仪、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪等对Ti₃C₂T_x表面形貌、结构、化学组成进行表征。采用浸轧-预烘-焙烘工艺将Ti₃C₂T_x整理到织物上,优化了整理工艺,并研究了织物的防紫外线及导电性能。结果表明:当Ti₃C₂T_x质量浓度为8 g/L,轧余率为100%,浸渍40 min,150 ℃焙烘3 min 时,经过4次重复整理后,织物表面电阻达到最低值0.602 kΩ/□,此时Ti₃C₂T_x质量分数为1.25%;经过数次整理的织物有极好的防紫外线性能,紫外线防护系数达到500;整理后织物能保持良好的透气性,整理5次的织物经过20次水洗后表面电阻低于5 kΩ/□。     

基于Ti3C2TX纳米片的高柔性导电棉织物的制备与表征

将5 mg/mL Ti₃C₂T_X纳米片通过反复浸涂的方法整理到聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)改性棉织物的表面,制备了一种高柔性导电P-MXene棉织物。研究表明,Ti₃C₂T_X纳米片在棉织物表面均匀成膜,Ti、F、Cl三种元素被成功引入棉织物的表面。P-MXene棉织物经历1 000次的大角度弯折和180 min超声波处理,方阻变化不大,具有优异的柔性和耐超声水洗性能。     

一种无线无源压力传感器的设计与仿真

无线无源压力传感器在医疗、工业、农业等领域应用广泛。文章设计一种基于电容-电感谐振式互感耦合技术的无线无源压力传感器,该压力传感器采用平面螺旋电感和平行板电容器提高稳定度,压力传感器的电感值L=12.59×10⁶ mH,一层和二层空腔压力传感器的电容C₁=4.96 pF和C₂=3.31 pF。采用ADS软件进行仿真分析,一层压力腔体传感器的谐振频率f₁=55.7 MHz,二层压力腔体传感器的谐振频率f₂=67.5 MHz。本文设计的无线无源压力传感器稳定度较高,能够满足相关领域的实际使用需求。     

聚苯胺/Ti3C2Tx/碳纳米管复合纤维电极的制备及其性能

为制备电化学性能优异的一维纤维超级电容器,利用碳纳米管(CNT)的液晶态性质和MXene(Ti₃C₂T_x)材料的电化学性能协同制备复合纤维作为电极基体,运用简单可控的电化学沉积方法在纤维表面沉积聚苯胺(PANI)制备复合纤维电极。对纤维进行微观形貌表征和电化学性能测试,获得最佳沉积时间的电极并组装纤维超级电容器。研究表明:当沉积5 min时,在5 mV/s的扫描速度下PANI/Ti₃C₂T_x/CNT纤维电极表现出最大的体积比电容,为113.92 F/cm³;在0.1 A/cm³的电流密度下证明其组装的超级电容器比电容可达65.4 F/cm³,同时在0.8 A/cm³电流密度下循环5 000次后,比电容保持率为79%,具有良好的稳定性。     

基于纳米纤维包芯纱的压力传感器的制备及性能表征

利用化学镀镍法制备一种柔性的导电棉纱电极,通过静电纺丝技术将纳米纤维包覆在镀镍棉纱表面作为介电层,设计得到了一种基于PU纳米纤维包芯纱的柔性电容式压力传感器。利用扫描电子显微镜对纳米纤维以及棉纤维的形貌进行表征,并通过数字源表和LCR电桥仪对纱线以及传感器的性能进行表征。结果表明:镀镍棉纱的电导率随着镀镍时间的延长而增大,当镀镍时间为8 h时,其电导率为25 S/cm,时间超过8 h后,电导率变化不大;镀镍后的棉纱显示出良好的力学性能;另外,基于纳米纤维包芯纱的压力传感器具有良好的传感性能,其灵敏度平均可达到0.375 N。     

涤纶/树脂/炭黑复合电容传感器的制备与性能

为了提高柔性电容传感器的力学稳定性,利用发泡涂层技术将导电炭黑复合树脂浆料双面涂层并固化于涤纶机织材料表面。通过控制浆料黏度及快速烘燥处理形成复合电容结构,并以多孔导电树脂层为电极层,高强涤纶基布为介电层,制备一种涤纶织物基复合电容传感器。探究了导电炭黑含量对复合电容传感器件的微观结构、电阻、拉伸强度及传感性能的影响。...     

导电聚苯胺/聚氨酯泡沫的制备及其压力传感性能

为制备具有良好回弹性能及传感性能的压敏材料,以高弹性多孔聚氨酯泡沫为基材,采用原位聚合法制备导电聚苯胺/聚氨酯泡沫,对其结构与性能进行研究,分析其在不同压缩应变作用下的压敏传感性能,并用于人体运动的监控。结果表明:聚氨酯泡沫表面及内部空隙中附着了聚苯胺,使其具有良好的导电性能,电阻率降至1.214×10³ Ω·cm;与处理前的聚氨酯泡沫相比,导电聚苯胺/聚氨酯泡沫的弹性模量与最大载荷降低;由导电聚苯胺/聚氨酯泡沫制备的压敏传感器具有良好的传感性能,在30%和50%的压缩率下表现出良好的传感线性度、敏感度与重复性,但在80%压缩率下的传感性能有所下降,该压敏传感器具备人体运动行为监测的功能。     

石墨烯/聚吡咯/棉纱线电极的制备和性能研究

柔性超级电容器对电极材料的导电性和电容性具有较高的要求。为提高纱线电极的导电性和电容性,以棉纱线、氧化石墨烯(GO)、吡咯(Py)为原料,采用化学还原法和原位化学聚合法,制备石墨烯(rGO)/聚吡咯(PPy)/棉纱线电极。观察聚合前后电极材料的表面形貌,测试聚合前后电极材料的电阻和电化学性能,结果显示:PPy颗粒包覆在rGO/棉纱线表面;rGO/PPy/棉纱线电极单位长度的电阻降到373Ω/cm;当电流密度为105.00mA/cm~3时,rGO/PPy/棉纱线电极体积比电容为27.63F/cm~3,电化学性能明显好于未加入PPy的rGO/棉纱线电极的性能。PPy的引入有利于改善rGO/棉纱线电极的导电性和电容性,适用于制备柔性超级电容器的电极材料。     

Determinants of electrical resistance change of in situ PPy-polymerized stretch plain woven fabric under uniaxial tensile strain

Although the conductive stretchable woven fabric has been widely used as the sensitive material of strain sensors monitoring human motion, it is lack of a deep understanding of the determinants of its electrical resistance change under uniaxial tensile strain. This study chose two kinds of typical stretchable plain woven fabric, i.e. cotton/spandex core-spun yarn fabric and polyester/spandex filament yarn fabric, and they were coated by in situ polymerization of polypyrrole. Their electromechanical responses under certain uniaxial tensile loadings were measured and compared. Meanwhile, by a multi-architecture analysis, i.e. the intrinsic resistance of yarns, the contact resistance of interlacing yarns and the contact resistance of adjacent yarns in parallel, several hypotheses were proposed and tested to determine the determinants of electrical resistance change under tensile strains. The results showed that the resistance change in woven fabric with in situ polymerization of polypyrrole mainly depends on the contact resistance of the adjacent conductive yarns in tensile direction, and the electromechanical responses of the cotton/spandex core spun yarn are significantly different from those of the polyester/spandex filament yarn. It was concluded that the conductive yarn density and fabric structure are critical parameters of woven fabric as resistive strain sensor.     

Design and fabrication of touch-sensitive polymeric optical fibre (POF) fabric

Polymeric optical fibres (POFs) can be integrated into a textile structure for illuminative fashion and interior fabric applications. In this study, the development of a touch-sensitive POF fabric system through the integration of conductive yarns and an electronic controlling system was explored. Distinct from conventional sensor applications, the capacitive sensor used in this study was embedded into the textile structure using conductive yarns via experimentations with different weave structures. With the embedded controlling system and RGB light-emitting diodes, the POF fabrics were able to transfer sensory signals into illumination. This study combined novel weaving techniques, different materials and electronic system development to develop a multi-touch interface based on textile capacitive sensors that can sense both touch contact and non-contact/proximity. The final prototype can be washed up to 10 laundry cycles. The results demonstrated that multiple functionalities can be integrated into the structure to produce an interactive textile based product.     

捻度对棉/氨纶/银丝包芯纱性能的影响

为了制备具有良好纺织特性的弹性导电纱线材料，以棉粗纱、氨纶、银丝为原料，通过设计原料的喂入方式及在环锭纺纱机的前罗拉与导纱钩之间附加定位装置，纺制以氨纶为纱芯、银丝与棉纤维螺旋包缠氨纶且棉纤维位于纱线表面的弹性导电包芯纱，探究捻度对纱线弹性、导电性、耐磨性和断裂强力的影响。以银丝紧贴氨纶表面包缠为模型，计算得到不同捻度下包芯纱中紧贴氨纶表面包缠的银丝长度的理论值。实验结果表明：包芯纱的弹性随捻度变化，在70捻/(10 cm)时包芯纱定伸长伸长弹性率、定负荷伸长弹性率较大；在包芯纱伸直(不伸长)状态下，纱线实测电阻值随捻度的增大而增大；在包芯纱伸长10%的状态下其实测电阻值小于伸直状态下等长度包芯纱实测电阻值，且在75捻/(10 cm)时伸长状态与伸直状态下的相同长度包芯纱的实测电阻值之差较小。     

A single-layer stitched electrotextile as flexible pressure mapping sensor

In this paper, a stitched fabric for decoding the pressure distribution information by means of resistive sensing is introduced. The proposed fabric-structured sensor is constructed by a distributed resistive array of two orthogonally contacted electrical conductive yarns system, which needs not any external sensing elements to be attached on the fabric. The conductive yarns served as the sensing and wiring elements simultaneously, which in turn simplify the fabrication process and decrease the cost, make the production of large area flexible pressure sensor possible. The topology of the sensing elements distributed on the fabric can be set by stitching the conductive yarn on the substrate fabric by sewing or embroidery machine. The location and pressure applied on the fabric can be obtained by detecting the position where the change of the resistances occurs between two embroidered yarns system. Meanwhile, the magnitude of the pressure can be acquired by measuring the variations of the resistance under pressure. Coating is applied on the contact points of the two yarns system to increase the sensitivity and stability. It is found from the experimental results that the sensitivity and stability are improved dramatically after coating. The resistance vs. pressure exhibits a nonlinear “two stages” mode and the contacting resistance is unstable at small pressure region. The electronics system that picks up the signal of the resistance matrix is also introduced. Flexible, robust, light weight, and breathable provide the sensor advantages to be used as wearable sensors. Meanwhile, easy fabrication and low costs make large area sensing such as sensing carpet possible.     

涤纶/聚酰胺6纳米纤维包覆纱的连续制备及其应用

为制备兼具力学性能和导电性能的氨敏传感器基体材料,采用一种水浴静电纺丝法连续制备涤纶工业丝为芯,聚酰胺6纳米纤维为皮层的纳米纤维包覆纱(NCY),并采用原位聚合法对其进行导电处理,制备表面负载聚吡咯的导电纳米纤维包覆纱(NCY/PPy),借助扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪对NCY和NCY/PPy进行表面形貌和化学结构分析,同时研究了NCY/PPy的导电性能、力学性能、氨敏性能。结果表明,NCY具有超高的比表面积;经导电处理后,负载的聚吡咯未堵塞纤维之间的空隙,纳米纤维包覆层仍保持多孔网状结构,当吡哜浓度为0.07 mol/L 时,NCY/PPy的电导率达7.19×10^-2 S/cm;高比表面积的纳米结构导电层,有利于提高气敏传感器对氨气的敏感性。     

聚多巴胺修饰还原氧化石墨烯/聚吡咯导电织物的制备及其传感响应特性

为改善导电织物导电层与织物间的界面黏附性,构建有效接触的导电网络,提升传感响应特性,采用聚多巴胺(PDA)对涤纶/氨纶针织物表面进行修饰,制备以还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和聚吡咯(PPy)为导电层的柔性传感器。借助傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、自制KTC传感测试盒、四探针方阻测试仪、万能拉伸试验机等对导电织物进行表征与分析。结果表明：经PDA修饰后的织物与RGO/PPy间的界面黏附性有明显改善,所构建导电网络更为连续,相较于未修饰的导电织物具有更好的耐久性和耐磨性;该织物柔性传感器的拉伸范围在0%～130%之间时,灵敏度增加至39.1,响应时间为0.06 s,可准确识别人体关节运动。     

导电涤纶纱连续制备工艺与性能

为提高涤纶的导电性能,以涤纶长丝纱为基材,采用基于苯胺原位聚合的连续导电方法,制备涤纶/聚苯胺（PET/PANI）复合导电纱。探讨了导电处理工艺氧化剂浓度、处理掺杂酸和苯胺的浓度及处理速度对导电纱导电性能的影响,并测定与分析了纤维的表面形貌、化学结构、热学性能及力学性能。结果表明：经导电处理后,ＰＥＴ纱线表面及内部包覆并填充了导电态PANI;反应液浓度及处理速度对PET/PANI复合导电纱的电导率有较大影响,制得的导电纱电导率最高可达1.5 S/cm以上;PANI的存在降低了PET的热稳定性;相比PET纱,PET/PANI复合导电纱的断裂强度和断裂伸长率有小幅增长,但初始模量却有较大的下降。