香蕉加工研究进展

香蕉的加工具有原料物美价廉,产品丰富多样的特点。阐述了香蕉的营养价值及功效,并对香蕉汁、香蕉酸奶等香蕉产品的深加工研究进展进行综述,归纳总结了香蕉皮有效成分的提取技术,最后探讨了香蕉深加工的发展趋势。     

香蕉制品的研究与开发

香蕉是世界四大水果之一,富含人体需要的多种营养成分。现介绍香蕉的开发与利用,这对香蕉的深加工具有重要的意义。     

香蕉皮中抗氧化物质的研究

为使香蕉深加工企业能充分利用香蕉皮资源,保护环境,提供新的天然抗氧化物质资源,对香蕉皮提取物的抗氧化效果进行了研究.结果表明,随着提取物浓度的增加,清除DPPH·自由基能力、·OH自由基清除率、Fe2 Vc诱导的肝微粒体脂质过氧化的抑制作用和还原能力都逐渐上升.     

香蕉抗性淀粉的制备及理化特性研究

抗性淀粉类似膳食纤维,不能在小肠消化吸收和提供葡萄糖,可直接进入大肠被生理性细菌发酵,产生多种短链脂肪酸和气体,具有多种生理功能.我国香蕉资源丰富,但缺乏香蕉高附加值产品的开发.本文以青香蕉为原料制备抗性淀粉,并对香蕉抗性淀粉的测定方法以及理化特性进行研究.结果表明:Goni法更适合于香蕉抗性淀粉的测定,经过高压糊化和酶处理,香蕉抗性淀粉的含量可以达到10.88％;紫外-可见光谱分析显示,香蕉抗性淀粉是由直链淀粉和支链淀粉组成的混合物;香蕉抗性淀粉颗粒的轮纹结构比较细,轮纹数量较多,大小为7.0～60μm左右;香蕉抗性淀粉溶解度低,透明度、持水性较好.本文为香蕉深加工食品的研究开发提供理论依据,具有广阔的开发和应用前景.     

香蕉的加工现状及发展对策

介绍了香蕉的营养价值及香蕉资源的开发与利用,并提出了发展香蕉食品的对策.     

香蕉片罐头加工工艺

<正> 香蕉是我国南方特产之一,以具有的独特香味和风味,果肉嫩滑,而深受人们的喜爱。但香蕉质地结构松软,易腐烂,水分含量高,加上目前香蕉的防腐保鲜技术欠佳,给果品保鲜、储藏、长途运输带来极大困难,造成产地“旺产滞销”的局面,若将其深加工成系列食品供市场销售,就能极大地改善香蕉旺     

小麦深加工前瞻技术

农副产品资源的综合利用,实现循环经济是我国实施国民经济持续发展的重要战略.我国小麦制粉及其副产品深加工是发展小麦资源循环经济的重要领域,就实施小麦深加工,研究和开发面粉、麦麸、麦胚综合利用的前瞻技术和深加工产品范例作了介绍.     

香蕉片罐头加工工艺

香蕉是我国南方特产之一。由于香蕉具有独特的浓郁香味和风味，果肉嫩滑，深受人们的喜爱。但香蕉质地松软、易腐烂、水分含量高，加上目前香蕉的防腐保鲜技术欠佳，给果品保鲜、储仓、长途运输带来极大困难，若将其深加工成系列食品，供市场销售，能极大地改善目前的状态。将香蕉制成罐头，存在一定的难题：（1）制罐后容易软烂，失去形状，不能保持片形整齐I（2）因果胶的分泌，使制品表面发精；（3）罐中糖液不清，呈乳浊状I（4）香蕉在加工过程中很容易产生褐变，严重地影响食品的感观质量；（5）产品的风味不稳定。这些问题在加过程中…     

香蕉抗性淀粉提取工艺优化研究

青香蕉富含抗性淀粉(RS,resistant starch),具有膳食纤维所不能及的保健功能和加工特性,深入研究对香蕉深加工和抗性淀粉开发具有指导意义.本文就香蕉浆在酶、作用环境(pH、温度)和时间等因素作用下,分离提取获取抗性淀粉的效果研究.在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交设计优化酶解条件.结果表明,五因素对RS纯度影响大小依次为酶作用pH>Amylase酶用量>反应温度>果浆酶用量>作用时间,最佳的酶解条件为果浆酶和Amylase酶用量0.15%,pH 5.0,40℃,作用时间为1 h,该作用条件下验证所得的RS纯度达到99.75%.     

香蕉挤压膨化处理工艺及其质构变化研究

利用本实验室自主知识产权的双螺杆食品挤压设备,首次以青香蕉和玉米淀粉的混合物为原料,研究物料湿度、螺杆转速、加工温度和喂料速度对产品膨化特性的影响,并以产品容重为指标,优化并得出了最佳关键工艺为:物料湿度为16%、螺杆转速223r/min、加工温度145℃、喂料速度为18r/min,经挤压膨化后香蕉的抗性淀粉下降较为明显,但含量仍高达8.2%,可作为一种新型抗性淀粉食品开发利用,为香蕉的深加工和综合利用提出了一种新的思路和方法.     

香蕉干燥技术研究进展

香蕉营养丰富,具有多种保健功效。干燥加工是香蕉产业精深加工主要方式之一。本文主要介绍了香蕉干燥技术的种类、发展历程、国内外研究现状、存在的问题以及发展趋势和应用前景,旨在为香蕉产业的发展提供参考和帮助。     

Performance of a lipase-catalyzed transesterified palm kernel olein and palm stearin blend in frying banana chips

The frying performance of an enzymatically transesterified palm stearin and palm kernel olein (1:1 by weight) blend was compared with its control (physical mixture or no enzyme added) and a commercial plastic frying shortening (CS). The samples were used as deep-fat frying media at 180°C for banana chips for seven consecutive days. The samples were then analysed for iodine value (IV), free fatty acid (FFA) content, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, p-anisidine value (AV), total polar compounds (TPC), fatty acid composition, specific extinction, E^1%_1cm at 233 and 269 nm, polymer contents, viscosity and colour indices. The fried banana chips were analysed for acceptability by sensory evaluations. Storage properties of the banana chips were also evaluated by trained sensory panellists and a modified TBA test. The transesterified blend was found to have significantly (P<0.05) higher IV, FFA, PV, TBA value, AV, TPC, E^1%_1cm at 233 and 269 nm values, polymer content, viscosity and colour indices compared to the control, indicating that the transesterified blend was more susceptible to oxidative deterioration during deep-fat frying. CS generally showed the largest changes in most of the parameters, basically due to its high polyunsaturated fatty acid levels. There was no significant difference (P>0.05; for all the attributes tested) between the acceptability of the banana chips fried by the transesterified and control blends. However, the banana chips fried in CS had significantly (P<0.05) lower scores in terms of flavour, aftertaste and overall acceptability. This might be due to the typical hydrogenation flavour of CS. In the storage stability study of the banana chips, it was found that the banana chips fried in the transesterified blend were significantly (P<0.05) more rancid (lower score in sensory evaluations) and had a higher TBA value at the end of the storage time than the control.     

基于机器视觉的香蕉果肉缺陷预测方法

针对香蕉内部果肉缺陷难以预测的问题,运用机器视觉技术对香蕉果皮与果肉进行图像识别,对识别参数进行数据拟合得到果肉缺陷的预测模型。将采集到的图像灰度化并进行滤波去噪,通过双阀值二值化和形态学分析对图像进行识别处理,提取香蕉果皮、香蕉果肉、香蕉果皮黑斑与香蕉果肉缺陷。计算提取区域的像素点总数,将其作为区域面积。分别用香蕉果皮总面积/香蕉果肉总面积与果皮黑斑面积/果肉缺陷面积之比来定义香蕉果皮黑斑度与果肉缺陷度。运用多项式拟合法,根据训练样本得出果肉缺陷预测函数,对预测函数进行残差分析。通过预测模型对香蕉划分等级,总准确率达到88.9%,与通过香蕉果皮进行等级划分其他方法相比,试验所得模型的预测准确率较高,表明通过香蕉果肉进行预测的方法具有一定的优越性。     

Post-harvest Processing of Banana: Opportunities and Challenges

Banana has a special place in the daily diet of millions of people around the world for sustenance and nutrient enrichment. Some of the popular food uses of banana are chips, raw ripened fruit, cooked green banana, fermented and unfermented beverages, juice, puree, dried flour for bakery and infant formula food. Banana is also used as a starch source for various chemicals and packaging materials. The storability and functional properties of these products can be altered by the application of various innovative food processing technologies. This review article focuses on different banana products, their potential for non-conventional uses and associated prospective novel processing techniques for value addition and preservation.     

香蕉果酒带皮发酵对其品质和挥发性香气成分的影响

为了探究香蕉皮对香蕉果酒品质和风味的影响,该研究对带皮香蕉果酒和去皮香蕉果酒发酵过程中糖度、酒精度、总酸和多酚等理化指标进行测定,同时利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定两种果酒中挥发性香气物质,结果显示带皮香蕉果酒的酒精度为10.5% vol,低于去皮香蕉果酒的12.3% vol,但是发酵结束后带皮香蕉果酒中总酸（4.03 g/L）和感官评分（87.62）,要显著优于去皮香蕉果酒。此外,带皮香蕉果酒及其蒸馏酒中甲醇含量分别为120.20 mg/L和372.30 mg/L,远低于对应国家限量标准。挥发性风味物质分析结果显示香蕉酒中主要的风味物质为酯类和醇类,带皮香蕉果酒风味物质种类比去皮香蕉果酒更为丰富,其中乙酸乙酯（>8.10 mg/L）和3-甲基-1-丁醇（>15.78 mg/L）是香蕉果酒中主要的挥发性风味物质。因此香蕉皮的添加可以改善果酒品质和风味且不会显著提高果酒中甲醇的含量,但是对出酒率有一定的影响,该研究为实现食品原料的整体化综合利用、减少食品加工废弃物的生成拓宽了思路,同时也为开发高品质香蕉酒提供了参考。     

初始水分含量与温度对油炸香蕉片贮藏稳定性的影响

为研究油炸香蕉片在不同贮藏条件下的贮藏特性,采用静态平衡将样品水分稳定到高、低两种初始水分含量,分别贮藏于0、25、37 ℃的避光环境,通过测定过氧化值、酸值、茴香胺值和介电常数等指标评价油炸香蕉片贮藏期间的氧化状况。结果表明,相同的贮藏温度和时间条件下,高初始水分含量油炸香蕉片的过氧化值、酸值、茴香胺值、介电常数均高于低初始水分含量的样品,降低油炸香蕉片的初始水分含量可以提高其贮藏稳定性。高初始水分含量油炸香蕉片的过氧化值随贮藏时间的延长而升高,低初始水分含量样品达到峰值后逐步降低;样品的酸值、茴香胺值在贮藏期间均升高;高初始水分含量样品介电常数在贮藏期间变化不大,低初始水分含量样品介电常数随贮藏时间的延长,整体呈上升趋势。     

Banana: cultivars,biotechnological approaches and genetic transformation

Genetic modification of banana has been considered as a path towards increasing the value of this crop according to health and nutrition in developing countries. Banana as a crop is one of the most important and widely consumed fruits as a weaning food by children and as a starchy staple for all other consumers. As well as providing a low cost and easily produced source of energy, bananas are also rich in certain minerals and in vitamins A, C and B6. Growing urbanisation in many developing countries upgraded the crop importance as a source of revenue, occasionally providing the main source of income for rural communities. Genetically modified organism bananas have been advocated as carrier for vaccines and as a source of carotenoids that can counteract debilitating vitamin A deficiency. The rather high vulnerability of banana to pests and diseases triggered biotechnological applications in an attempt to produce new, more resistant banana cultivars. However, the potential biosafety of genetically modified banana and its applications should be taken into account prior to its extensive usage. The current survey summarises the most important biotechnological techniques (in vitro culture, DNA fingerprinting, somatic emrbyogenesis, DNA flow cytometry, etc.) and applications (micropropagation, in vitro selection, somaclonal variation, protoplast fusion, haploid production, etc.) in banana and emphasises on genetic transformation in conjunction with the expressed gene and modified trait aiming at a further improvement of this crop.     

香蕉纤维/棉混纺纱的开发与应用

香蕉纤维是一种未被开发利用的天然纤维,文章介绍了香蕉纤维的制取、性能特点及其与棉混纺纱开发的工艺技术和指标,香蕉纤维/棉混纺纱的开发对非棉天然纺织原料的拓展具有重要意义,同时提高了纺织品的附加值。     

香蕉酵素发酵过程中的组分及抗氧化活性变化研究

以香蕉为材料,分别通过自然发酵、酵母菌发酵、植物乳杆菌发酵制作香蕉酵素,测定酵素在发酵过程中组分及抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明自然发酵和酵母菌发酵、植物乳杆菌发酵的香蕉酵素其DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力随着时间的延长而增长,DPPH自由基最高清除率分别可达到48.97%、79.54%和69.79%,羟自由基清除率最高可分别达37.68%、49.97%和45.38%。酵母菌发酵、植物乳杆菌发酵的香蕉酵素SOD和碱性蛋白酶活力随着时间的延长而逐渐增强,达到最大值后呈现相对稳定的状态,而自然发酵的香蕉酵素多糖含量达到最大值后呈逐渐减弱趋势,三种酵素SOD最高酶活力分别达到89.5、86.79和48.35 U/mL,碱性蛋白酶的最高酶活分别为67.90、66.58和32.28 U/g。酵母菌和植物乳杆菌发酵的香蕉酵素多糖的含量随着发酵时间的延长出现先增加后稳定的变化趋势,最大含量为20.45 和19.9 mg/g,而自然发酵的香蕉酵素达到最大值17.31 mg/g后呈逐渐下降趋势。自然发酵的香蕉酵素各项指标均低于酵母菌和植物乳杆菌发酵的香蕉酵素,并且接种酵母菌的酵素各项指标都高于接种植物乳杆菌的香蕉酵素,但差异不明显,说明这两种菌均可用于接种香蕉制作酵素。     

香蕉皮多糖提取条件研究

以香蕉皮为原料,提取其中具有明显抑癌活性的物质--香蕉皮多糖,通过单因子实验结合正交试验研究了香蕉皮多糖的最优提取条件,并通过凝胶渗透色谱分析了香蕉皮多糖的分子量分布。实验结果表明:香蕉皮粗多糖的最佳提取条件为:以水为提取剂,料液比1:20,80℃加热提取4次,每次提取时间1.5h。在最佳提取条件下,香蕉皮粗多糖的得率为4.25%。经凝胶渗透色谱分析测定,所得香蕉皮多糖的数均分子量和重均分子量分别为427540和433160,分散度1.013,表明香蕉皮中所含多糖分子量分布较集中,为窄分布。