马里兰烟系列雄性不育系转育研究

为选育马里兰烟雄性不育系,以马里兰烟优良品系 Md609-1、Md609-2、Md609-3为轮回亲本,以马里兰烟胞质不育系Msmd609为不育源,进行连续回交转育。经过 5个连续世代单株选择和回交转育,选育出了 3份稳定性状的不育系,具备各对应品系典型特征特性,已转育成各对应品系的雄性不育同型系。其中,不育材料 Msmd609-3经济性状好、品质较优,具有一定的推广应用价值。      

马里兰烟品种比较试验

为筛选出优质的马里兰烟品种在生产上推广应用,解决品种单一的问题,对6个引进品种和5个新选育的F1品种进行了田间比较试验。结果表明:新选育的F1品种MH5,田间长势好,黑胫病和叶部病害发病轻,产量较高,产值最高,原烟外观质量和评吸质量好,化学成分协调。引进品种Md872,田间长势好,抗病性强,产量最高,产值较高,原烟外观质量和化验、评吸结果较好。以上2个品种均优于对照品种Md609。引进品种Md10的产量、产值较高,抗叶部病害,成熟早,原烟外观质量和化验、评吸结果也较好,与对照品种M609相当。     

白肋烟叶片低叶绿素含量的生理生化分析

为阐明白肋烟叶片叶绿素含量低的生理生化机理,以白肋烟品种B21和马里兰烟品种Md609为材料,比较了两种不同叶色烟草叶片中主要叶绿素合成前体物及叶绿素代谢关键酶活性。结果表明,旺长期B21叶片中7种叶绿素合成前体物δ-氨基乙酰丙酸、胆色素原、尿卟啉原Ⅲ、粪卟啉原Ⅲ、原卟啉Ⅸ、镁原卟啉Ⅸ和原叶绿素酸酯的含量均低于Md609;B21叶片中催化叶绿素合成的5-氨基酮戊酸脱水酶、胆色素原脱氨酶活性分别是Md609叶片中的0.43%和0.75%,而催化叶绿素降解的叶绿素酶活性则是Md609叶片中的2.04倍,这表明白肋烟叶片中的叶绿素含量低可能是其叶绿素合成受阻和降解加快双重作用的结果。     

云南马里兰烟试种报告

对4个马里兰烟品种(Md609、Md34l、Md872和Md201)在云南省临沧、保山和宾川的试种情况进行了比较，结果表明，Md609是4个参试品种中综合表现最优的品种，含有较丰富的致香成分，香气质较好，刺激性较轻，评吸品质最佳。保山和临沧两地生产的烟叶致香物质含量最多，香气量足，香气质最好，协调性较理想。     

甜菜新品种——吉甜209的选育

甜菜新品种吉甜209以多粒雄性不育系为母本，以二倍体品系为父本，采取5：1配比杂交育成。该品种经1996-1999年省内甜菜品种区域试验，1998-1999年生产试验，表现为适应性广，抗病能力强，块根产量高、产糖量高等优点。区域试验结果：块根产量比吉甜201(对照品种)增产18．45％，含糖低0．36度，产糖量比吉甜201提高15．84％。吉甜209属于丰产型雄性不育二倍体杂交品种，2001年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定并命。     

甜菜新品种——吉甜209的选育

甜菜新品种吉甜209以多粒雄性不育系为母本,以二倍体品系为父本,采取5：1配比杂交育成。该品种经1996－1999年省内甜菜品种区域试验,1998－1999年生产试验,表现为适应性广,抗病能力强,块根产量高、产糖量高等优点。区域试验结果：块根产量比吉甜201（对照品种）增产18．45％,含糖低0．36度,产糖量比吉甜201提高15．84％。吉甜209属于丰产型雄性不育二倍体杂交品种,2001年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定并命。     

烤烟新品种秦烟201的选育及特征特性

为改善和提升自育品种秦烟96的外观质量和感官品质,以MS云烟97为母本、秦烟96为父本组配选育成雄性不育杂交种秦烟201,于2019年3月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。该品种田间长势强,整齐一致,叶片易落黄、易烘烤;综合抗病性和经济性状均好于对照NC89;烤后烟叶外观质量、化学成分协调性、感官质量均优于NC89,物理特性与NC89相当。综合评价,秦烟201在品质、抗性、产量、适应性等方面能够较好兼顾,综合性状优良,适宜在北方烟区种植。     

白肋烟新品种川白2号的选育及其应用评价

川白2号是达州市烟草公司以MSVA1061为母本、达所26为父本杂交选育的白肋烟雄性不育杂交新品种,于2015年4月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。试验与示范结果表明,该品种田间生长势强,群体整齐一致,有效叶数较多;免疫TMV,中抗-抗黑胫病,中感-中抗根结线虫病,感赤星病,对青枯病的抗性强于对照品种鄂烟1号,综合抗病能力强于对照品种;产量、产值较高,主要经济性状显著优于对照;烟叶外观质量好,物理特性适宜,内在化学成分协调,感官评吸质量较好;适应性广,适宜四川、湖北、重庆、云南等国内主要白肋烟烟区种植。     

烤烟新品种贵烟202选育及其特征特性

贵烟202是以自育花培株系MSGDH88为母本、Va116为父本杂交选育的烤烟雄性不育一代杂交种,于2015年4月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。多年的试验示范结果表明,该品种生长势强,田间整齐一致,上部叶开片好,抗黑胫病、气候斑点病;适宜区域主要经济性状显著优于对照品种K326;烟叶外观质量和物理特性优于对照,化学成分协调性与对照相当,烟叶感官质量略优于对照,是一个兼顾质量和产量的优良烤烟新品种,适于贵州、四川、重庆、湖南、陕西等省多数烟区种植。     

烤烟新品种湘烟6号的选育及其特征特性

烤烟新品种湘烟6号是以优质、多抗、适产和适应性强为育种目标,利用MS湘烟一号为母本,GY07为父本育成的雄性不育一代烤烟杂交种,于2018年通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。该品种株型结构合理,田间整齐一致,大田前中期长势强,可采叶数与K326相当;叶片分层落黄,易烘烤;其综合经济性状显著优于对照K326,与云烟87相当;化学成分协调,原烟外观质量好,感观质量较好;中抗青枯病,中抗-抗黑胫病,中抗-中感根结线虫病,中感赤星病、TMV,中感-感CMV,感PVY,综合抗性优于K326。该品种适宜在湖南、广东等烟区种植。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status