添加不同种类淀粉对盐水火腿品质的影响

以猪肉为主要原料,制备盐水火腿,研究不同种类的淀粉对盐水火腿的保水保油性、质构、感官品质的影响.结果表明:在6种添加不同种类淀粉的火腿中,添加玉米原淀粉的盐水火腿保水保油性最差,添加木薯乙酰化双淀粉已二酸酯淀粉和复配淀粉C的盐水火腿保水保油性最好;添加复配淀粉C的盐水火腿质构最好,其次是添加复配淀粉B、木薯乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯淀粉、复配淀粉A、玉米乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯淀粉的盐水火腿,添加玉米原淀粉的盐水火腿质构最差;添加复配淀粉C的盐水火腿感官评价最好.     

不同种木薯变性淀粉对鸡肉肠品质的影响

对比研究了在斩拌过程中添加6%的木薯变性淀粉(醋酸酯淀粉、交酯淀粉和磷酸酯淀粉)和木薯原淀粉对鸡肉肠品质的影响。结果发现:添加变性淀粉的鸡肉肠的产率差异不显著(P>0.05);添加醋酸酯淀粉的鸡肉肠的L*值最大;添加变性淀粉的产品的质构特性要明显好于添加原淀粉的鸡肉肠(P<0.05),其中添加交酯淀粉的产品的硬度、咀嚼性、弹性和凝聚性最高。感官评定结果显示,添加醋酸酯淀粉产品的品质优于添加其它种类变性淀粉的产品。醋酸酯木薯淀粉更适合于肉类产品实际生产中。     

淀粉对油炸方便面品质影响的研究

本文对小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、木薯淀粉醋酸酯、马铃薯淀粉及马铃薯淀粉醋酸酯的糊化特性以及它们添加到面粉中对方便面品质的影响进行了研究。感官评定及质构分析表明：添加木薯淀粉、木薯淀粉醋酸酯、马铃薯淀粉及马铃薯淀粉醋酸酯均可提高方便面的光泽度、透明度、弹性、滑爽性和耐嚼性。淀粉醋酸酯比其原淀粉效果好，而马铃薯淀粉醋酸酯比木薯淀粉醋酸酯性能更优。     

水分、变性淀粉、大豆分离蛋白和卡拉胶对低脂香肠的影响

将水分、变性淀粉、大豆分离蛋白和卡拉胶添加到脂肪含量为8%的低脂香肠中,按四因素三水平L9(34)的正交实验表添加,研究其对低脂香肠质构、保水保油性和感官评定的影响和最优配比,结合三种指标的综合分析,得到各添加量最佳组合为:水分20%、变性淀粉2%、大豆分离蛋白3%、卡拉胶0.4%。     

木薯淀粉及木薯变性淀粉性质比较研究

测定了木薯淀粉、木薯羟丙基淀粉、羟丙基交联淀粉、醋酸酯淀粉、醋酸酯交联淀粉的冻融稳定性、透光率、凝沉、耐盐性、耐酸性、糊化特性等性质.实验结果表明:经过变性的木薯淀粉和原木薯淀粉有很大的不同,经过羟丙基化、羟丙基交联、醋酸酯化、醋酸酯交联后,分别引入了羟丙基、交联键、乙酰基等,使其具有较强的冻融稳定性,具有较高的透明度、耐盐性、耐酸性.据RVA分析,各种变性淀粉糊液性质较原淀粉有较大的提高.经过交联后糊液稳定性较原淀粉、羟丙基及醋酸酯淀粉有较大程度的提高,因此具有更为广阔的应用性.     

三种原淀粉及其变性淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶品质的影响

为研究不同种类淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶品质的影响，并确定能够改善牛肉糜凝胶品质的最佳淀粉品类，该研究以牛肉糜凝胶为研究对象，探究3种原淀粉(玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉)及其变性淀粉(玉米变性淀粉、木薯变性淀粉、马铃薯变性淀粉)在6 g/100 g添加量时对牛肉糜凝胶品质的影响。结果表明，3种原淀粉均能提高牛肉糜凝胶的pH值(P<0.05),其中马铃薯淀粉组质构特性与空白对照组类似，玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶品质无显著改善作用；添加3种变性淀粉都能降低牛肉糜凝胶的蒸煮损失(cooking loss, CL)、非压出水分(non-expressible water, NW)、持水性(water-holding capacity, WHC)以及冻融损失，并能使牛肉糜凝胶获得更好的组织结构和感官品质；同时，玉米变性淀粉能最显著减少牛肉糜凝胶CL和冻融损失(P<0.05),CL和冻融损失为5.04%、3.44%;马铃薯变性淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶持水性的改善效果最好，牛肉糜凝胶水分含量为76.62%、NW为92.61%、WHC为92%、乳化稳定性为7.25%,且感官品质也较好。由此可知，变性...     

醋酸酯木薯淀粉的特性及在速冻水饺中的应用

对木薯原淀粉和醋酸酯木薯淀粉的冻融稳定性、高温稳定性等性质进行比较。在面粉中添加0%、4%、6%、8%、10%的醋酸酯淀粉,对面团特性进行粉质测定;并将面团做成速冻水饺皮,对水饺皮的蒸煮损失、质构、感官等指标进行综合评价。结果表明,由于在木薯原淀粉中引入了乙酰基,醋酸酯淀粉具有较强的冻融稳定性和高温稳定性,对改善速冻水饺皮品质具有适用性。醋酸酯淀粉对速冻水饺皮蒸煮特性、质构特性等方面有明显的改良作用。最佳添加量为4%～6%。     

木薯淀粉与木薯变性淀粉鱼糜加工性质的影响

本研究比较了木薯淀粉、木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉和木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉对鱼糜加工性质的影响。首先测定了2种木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉、2种木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉以及木薯淀粉的冻融稳定性、透光率、黏性、膨胀度和凝沉性等特性。然后将木薯淀粉和4种变性淀粉分别添加到鱼糜中,测定鱼糜冻融过程中的持水性、白度以及凝胶强度等品质特性。结果表明:木薯变性淀粉因引入了磷酸基、羧甲基等亲水性基团,在透光率、冻融稳定性、黏性和凝沉性等性质方面较木薯淀粉均有提高,添加木薯变性淀粉所得到的鱼糜制品白度、持水性和凝胶强度分别增加了17.7%、10.2%、77.7%。木薯变性淀粉较木薯淀粉更适合用于加工鱼糜。     

木薯淀粉与木薯变性淀粉鱼糜加工性质的比较

摘要：本研究比较了木薯淀粉、木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉和木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉对鱼糜加工性质的影响,并测定了二种木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉、二种木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉以及木薯淀粉和鱼糜加工相关的冻融稳定性、透光率、溶解性、膨润度和凝沉性等特性。并将木薯淀粉和四种变性淀粉分别添加到鱼糜中,测定鱼糜冻融过程中的持水性、白度以及凝胶强度等品质特性。结果表明：木薯变性淀粉因引入了磷酸基、羧甲基等亲水性基团,在透光率、冻融稳定性、溶解性和凝沉性等性质方面较木薯淀粉均有提高,添加木薯变性淀粉所得到的鱼糜制品白度、持水性和凝胶强度分别增加了17.7%、10.2%、77.7%。木薯变性淀粉较木薯淀粉更适合用于加工鱼糜。     

玉米淀粉添加对低脂乳化香肠持水力的影响

乳化香肠的低脂化是当前的发展趋势,本论文拟研究不同添加量玉米淀粉(2%、4%、6%)替代脂肪对低脂乳化香肠品质特性的影响。研究结果表明:随着玉米淀粉添加量的增加,乳化肉糜的乳化稳定性和蒸煮损失率均得到改善;乳化香肠的压力持水力和感官品质均呈现增加的趋势,蒸煮损失率则呈现降低的趋势;同时还发现玉米淀粉的添加对乳化香肠的色泽、水分含量和水分含量无不良影响。以上结果表明,在乳化香肠制作中玉米淀粉可部分替代脂肪,且对香肠的感官品质没有显著影响,尤其以6%添加量为最佳。     

不同蜡制玉米淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

将蜡制玉米淀粉、酯化蜡制玉米淀粉和交联酯化蜡制玉米淀粉以添加量分别为0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%添加到肌原纤维蛋白中,形成蛋白淀粉复合物,研究3?种淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶保水性、质构特性、白度值、表面疏水性、流变特性和微观结构的影响。结果表明,相比纯肌原纤维蛋白,淀粉均能显著提高复合凝胶的保水性、硬度和弹性（P＜0.05）,且随添加量的增加而显著增加（P＜0.05）,但在添加量为10%时,各指标上升不显著（P＞0.05）,其中交联酯化蜡制玉米淀粉效果最好;3?种淀粉均能增加复合凝胶的白度值,但交联酯化蜡制玉米淀粉的添加会使复合凝胶的白度值过大（P＜0.05）,对色泽不利;同时,淀粉能显著提高复合蛋白的表面疏水性和凝胶的弹性模量（P＜0.05）,且随着添加量的增加而显著增加（P＜0.05）,与肌原纤维蛋白凝胶相比,复合凝胶结构趋于致密均匀。在实验的3?种淀粉中,除色泽因素外,交联酯化蜡制玉米淀粉提高凝胶性能的效果要优于其他两种淀粉。?     

不同种类变性淀粉在灌肠制品中的应用研究

通过对不同种类的变性淀粉(玉米变性淀粉、木薯变性淀粉和马铃薯变性淀粉)在灌肠制品中的应用研究,探讨了变性淀粉对灌肠制品性能的影响,即对灌肠的气味、色泽、弹性、风味及质地的影响。利用正交设计及模糊数学的理论方法确定变性淀粉的理想用量和主要原料的最佳配比。     

Bread quality of frozen dough substituted with modified tapioca starches

Rheological properties of dough and bread quality of frozen dough-bread containing 18.4% of hydroxypropylated (HTS), acetylated (ATS), and phosphorylated cross-linked (PTS) tapioca starch with different degrees of modification and 1.6% of dried powdered gluten were compared to the same amount of native tapioca starch (NTS) or wheat flour-bread. Doughs substituted with native or modified tapioca starches had the same mixing tolerance as 100% wheat flour. The dough was frozen and stored for 1 week at −18°C, and thawed (one freeze-cycle). The amount of freezable water in the dough substituted with native or modified tapioca starches was not significantly different from that of wheat flour. Frozen dough-bread substituted with highly modified HTS (degree of substitution; DS 0.09–0.11) retarded bread staling, while lowly modified HTS (DS 0.06–0.07) or ATS (DS 0.02–0.04), and PTS (0.004–0.020% phosphoryl content) substitution fastened bread staling as compared with frozen dough-bread baked from wheat flour. The breadcrumbs containing HTS and ATS felt tacky, whereas the bread containing PTS was dry feel. HTS and ATS swelled and collapsed easily during heating, while PTS was difficult to swell and disperse as compared with NTS, therefore the gelatinization properties seemed to affect the texture of bread. Breadcrumb containing HTS showed small firmness during storage, and highly modified HTS-h (DS 0.1) was the smallest. This means highly hydroxypropylated tapioca starch significantly retards bread staling. Staling properties and texture of frozen dough-bread with various tapioca starches were the same as conventional bread baked with the same amount of tapioca starches. These results suggest that a one freeze–thaw cycle and a 1-week frozen period do not change characteristics of starch, gelatinization and retrogradation properties as compared with the conventional method, and the highly modified HTS-h is prominent anti-staling food-stuff in frozen dough.     

Effect of Different Starches on Colors and Textural Properties of Surimi-Starch Gels

The effect of starches on textural properties and colors of surimi-starch gels were investigated by measuring texture profile analysis parameters, penetration force, gel strength, and color values. Surimi-starch gels, with potato native starch, showed higher hardness, chewiness, whiteness, and gel strength compared with those with corn starch. Potato native starch AP1500 and its modified starches, including acetate esterified starch STABI-AP0170, cross-linked and esterified starch DURA-MIP0075, improved textural properties and whiteness of surimi-starch gels significantly, whereas potato oxidized starch Flu-XP0450 weakened surimi-starch gel forming ability. AP1500, STABI-AP0170, and DURA-MIP0075 were suitable to be added into surimi-based product to improve product quality.     

两种复合改性淀粉特性及其在面条中的应用

分别以木薯淀粉和玉米淀粉为原料,对其进行交联和羟丙基醚化复合改性,制备了复合改性淀粉,并对复合改性淀粉的流变学特性、扫描电镜分析(SEM)及红外光谱分析(IR)进行了分析比较。流变学特性分析显示,经过复合改性后的木薯淀粉抗老化性能比玉米淀粉抗老化性能强。SEM分析显示淀粉经过复合改性后,淀粉表面棱角模糊,颗粒整体有小范围扭曲,并可明显观察到表面粗糙,毛刺感较强。IR分析显示复合改性淀粉与原淀粉的红外吸收图谱相比,在2 250～2 500 cm-1处有强的吸收峰,复合改性木薯淀粉尤为明显。添加复合改性淀粉的面条与空白相比,最佳烹煮时间缩短、烹煮损失明显降低。     

Characteristics and application of octenyl succinic anhydride modified waxy corn starch in sausage

Native and acid‐hydrolyzed wx corn starches were modified by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) in aqueous slurry systems. The characteristics of the modified wx corn starches and their effects on chicken meat sausages were evaluated by means of FT‐IR, rapid visco analyser, SEM, and texture profile analysis. FT‐IR spectroscopy indicated that the ester carbonyl groups in the OSA modified native and acid‐hydrolyzed starches were characterized at 1725 cm⁻¹. The process of OSA modification could achieve starch derivatives, which had higher viscosities, better paste clarity and freeze–thaw stability than the native counterparts. Texture results showed that the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the sausage increased as OSA‐H0 was added (p < 0.05). SEM revealed that the sausages with native wx corn starch had larger and uneven pores, while it was comparatively compact for the sausages with OSA starches. The OSA modified wx corn starch offered a great potential to be used in meat products to enhance textural quality.