枸杞果酒发酵工艺研究

以枸杞干果为原料,经浸泡打浆后加入适量蜂蜜,利用葡 萄酒酵母在控温发酵条件下所生产的发酵型果酒,不仅 使枸杞和蜂蜜的特点充分得以结合,而且营养丰富、典型 性突出,是一种风味独特的新型果酒。     

新疆精河枸杞果酒发酵工艺的研究

该文以新疆精河新鲜枸杞为原料,通过初始糖量、发酵温度、发酵时间、发酵接种量、pH值等单因素对枸杞果酒发酵工艺的影响,结合响应面分析法研究初始糖量、发酵温度、接种量对枸杞果酒品质的影响,得出枸杞果酒品质与影响因素间的回归模型,根据模型进行工艺参数优化,结果表明,发酵最优条件为:初始糖量为18％,发酵温度28℃,发酵时间7d,pH值为4.5,果酒酵母接种量6％.     

苦荞枸杞果酒的酿造工艺

苦荞和枸杞作为原材料制酒,会极大地提升酒口感和营养价值,有效提升产品竞争力,同时丰富消费者的选择。对苦荞枸杞果酒酿造工艺进行深入研究。结果表明,苦荞枸杞果酒酿造最优工艺为:接种量8%,发酵温度24℃,pH 4,SO2添加量60 mg/L。     

一种新型枸杞酒的研制

以枸杞为原料,采用热浸提法得到枸杞液,经发酵法制得原果酒,再以纯净酒为酒基在后酵初期(第9天)时加入,配制后进行后酵、陈酿处理,最终得到一种风味突出、口感独特的新型枸杞酒。     

仙人掌果黑枸杞复合果酒的发酵工艺研究

以仙人掌果、黑枸杞为原料制作复合果酒并研究其发酵工艺。以黑枸杞处理温度、糖度、酵母菌添加比例为3个因素进行单因素试验,并以酒精度及感官评分为评价指标,通过正交试验确定仙人掌果黑枸杞复合果酒的最佳发酵工艺。结果表明,当黑枸杞处理温度为30 ℃,糖度为22%,安琪葡萄酒果酒酵母RW、LAFFORTF33酵母、酿酒酵母SC1230添加比例为1∶1∶2的条件下,得到果酒的黄酮含量为4.49 mg/g,花青素含量为10.53 mg/g,酒精度为12.0%vol,感官评分为94分。产品鲜艳透亮,果香浓郁,风味独特。     

枸杞葡萄酒工艺的研究

对枸杞葡萄酒生产工艺的研究表明,以枸杞汁:葡萄汁为2:8,发酵温度为20-22℃,发酵时间为9d,采用适当的护色剂和澄清剂,所得枸杞葡萄酒品质较好。     

响应面法优化柑橘枸杞复合果酒酿造工艺

为了丰富果酒产品的种类,提高其经济价值,该研究以柑橘、枸杞为原料,利用响应面试验设计优化柑橘枸杞复合果酒的酿造工艺。结果表明,柑橘枸杞复合果酒最优的发酵工艺条件为初始糖度27.8%、物料比（柑橘汁∶枸杞汁）1∶2、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）接种量4.7%及发酵温度23.2 ℃;在此条件下可获得色泽亮黄透明、果香与酒香和谐、酒体丰满圆润的柑橘枸杞复合果酒,其感官评分为90.8分,酒精度为6.9%vol。     

猕猴桃枸杞复合果酒的研制

猕猴桃营养丰富,风味独特,富含大量的挥发性香气成分,是果酒酿造的最优原料之一。枸杞富含枸杞多糖及甜菜碱等活性物质,是一种传统的"药食兼用"原材料,特别是其中丰富的β-胡萝卜素更是赋予了其制品独特的色泽。为了进一步改善猕猴桃果酒色泽,丰富其营养价值,研制开发猕猴桃枸杞复合果酒。采用猕猴桃和枸杞为原料,在单因素实验的基础上通过响应面法对复合果酒的发酵工艺进行优化,从而得到最佳的发酵工艺条件。结果表明:猕猴桃及枸杞配比为8.50:1,接种量为1.22g/L,发酵温度为21.40℃,加糖量为20 g/100 mL,发酵时间为7 d。在此参数下可以获得颜色为橙红色,澄清透明,口感清爽,具有猕猴桃和枸杞的果香,理化指标达到相关标准,酒精度为12.10%的复合果酒。该研究为猕猴桃及枸杞的深加工提供了理论依据,也为复合果酒开发拓宽了思路。     

黑果花楸枸杞混酿酒酿造工艺研究

以黑果花楸和枸杞为原料制作混酿酒,研究其发酵工艺条件。采用单因素试验、正交试验对黑果花楸和枸杞汁混合比例、原料初始pH值、发酵温度、酵母接种量进行优化。结果表明,黑果花楸枸杞混酿酒最佳工艺条件为：黑果花楸和枸杞汁混合比例1∶1(mL∶mL),调节原料初始pH值至3.6,控制发酵温度为18℃,酵母接种量为0.08%。在此工艺条件下,黑果花楸枸杞混酿酒感官评分为85分,酒精度可以达到11.8%vol,酒体呈紫红色,具有黑果花楸典型性香气,口感厚实、饱满。     

枸杞果酒用非酿酒酵母的分离筛选及香气成分分析

研究显示非酿酒酵母在果酒发酵前期可产生更多的香气成分,有助于果酒风味的提高。为获得适合枸杞果酒发酵的非酿酒酵母,从枸杞果园土壤、枸杞鲜果及枸杞果自然发酵液中分离出酵母82株。经香气初步筛选及耐受性研究,确定3株酵母各方面性能良好。经26S rDNA序列分析,确定GF-60和GF-80为葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora uvarum),GB-1为戴尔有孢圆酵母(Torulaspora delbrueckii)。将GF-60与商用酿酒酵母以3∶1比例进行混合发酵枸杞果酒,经GC-MS测定分析,结果显示与酿酒酵母单独发酵相比,混种发酵含有更多种类的香气成分。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.