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通过综述肠道菌群与宿主代谢相互联系,及综合解析肠道菌群与宿主肠道内包括碳水化合物代谢、脂类代谢、蛋白质代谢、矿物质代谢、维生素代谢等营养物质代谢这两大方面内容,为人们了解、认识肠道菌群与宿主的代谢相互作用提供依据,且通过这些理论依据为动物肠道菌群的研究提供有利参考,可有效提高动物益生菌生产制剂企业的经济效益。 相似文献
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肠道菌群是机体的重要组成部分,肠道菌群能在一定程度上影响宿主的营养代谢和健康。肠道菌群的组成与功能受宿主生理状态、遗传、饮食习惯、年龄和环境等多重因素的影响。其中,膳食是影响肠道菌群结构和功能最为重要且较为迅速的因素。作为日常生活中常见的食物资源,杂粮、杂豆和果蔬等食物含有的膳食纤维和多酚等物质已经被证明具有调节肠道菌群的作用。肠道菌群能够发酵膳食纤维,代谢后释放维生素以及短链脂肪酸等代谢产物,并选择性地促进一些肠道有益菌的增殖,进而在一定程度上促进宿主健康。此外,大部分酚类物质也在肠道中被肠道菌群代谢分解后进一步提高酚类物质的生物利用率,从而改善宿主生理状态。本文围绕日常生活中常见的食物资源如杂粮杂豆以及水果蔬菜等对肠道菌群的调节作用进行综述,展望以肠道菌群为靶点的代谢性疾病预防与治疗或膳食干预的前景。 相似文献
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海藻多糖作为一类具有生物活性的膳食纤维,被用作益生元来改善慢性代谢性疾病,而肠道菌群是海藻多糖发挥功效的潜在靶点。肠道菌群在调控宿主的健康、营养、代谢和免疫稳态等方面起着关键作用。多种海藻多糖不能被人体内消化酶降解,但可以被肠道菌群降解和发酵,产生短链脂肪酸(SCFAs),作为肠道微生物的能量来源,并通过调节菌群结构与宿主肠道稳态,影响肠道微生态环境。此外,SCFAs和肠道菌群的改变与代谢疾病的发生发展密切相关。本文综述了海藻多糖与肠道菌群的相互作用以及对代谢综合征的影响的研究进展。 相似文献
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膳食中的主要成分对肠道微生物组成及代谢影响的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着对肠道微生物结构和功能的不断挖掘,研究发现肠道微生物参与人体与膳食相关的多项生理过程,膳食在调节人体肠道微生物的组成和代谢活动中有重要作用。膳食营养中含有肠道菌群代谢所需的底物,以多种途径影响肠道菌群的组成和功能。本文对近几年来国内外关于膳食主成分对肠道菌群组成及代谢影响的研究进行综述,以肠道菌群为靶点,通过调整人类的食物多样性来改善宿主的代谢能力和健康,旨在为肠道菌群的研究及其饮食调控提供参考。 相似文献
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肠道是个复杂的微生态系统,不仅包含宿主细胞和各种营养物质,还包含数以万计的微生物。这些肠道微生物与宿主健康息息相关,对宿主营养、代谢、生理和免疫均有影响,肠道菌群发生紊乱还会引起各种疾病。大量临床试验表明,益生乳酸菌可通过调节宿主肠道菌群稳态治疗或缓解多种疾病。本文作者描述了失衡指数(DI)、微生物平衡指数(MBI)和微生物失衡指数(MDI)这3种量化肠道菌群稳态的计算方法及其应用,阐述了益生乳酸菌对肥胖和健康宿主肠道菌群稳态的影响,指出益生乳酸菌可能通过与肠道中病原菌竞争结合位点或分泌物质抑制病原菌,分泌代谢物为肠道中有益共生菌提供适宜生长繁殖的环境和制造“假想敌”刺激宿主免疫系统应答等方式维持宿主肠道菌群稳态,并讨论了维持宿主肠道菌群稳态的重要性。同时还综述了益生乳酸菌研究现状,指出益生乳酸菌的研究要做到个性化,不仅要考虑研究人群个体差异,还要考虑菌株之间的差异。 相似文献
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多酚通过肠道菌群调节能量代谢研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
多酚是一类植物次生代谢产物,广泛存在于人类膳食中,一般可分为3大类:酚酸类、聚合单宁类和黄酮类。多酚以及其被肠道菌群代谢的产物,能选择性调节肠道中易感微生物的生长,选择性的促进有益菌群(如乳酸菌)生长,抑制有害菌的增殖,也即引发肠道微生态的改变。这种改变对宿主产生重要影响,对宿主能量代谢的影响可能通过如下实现:1)肠道内微生物数量和种类的变化,改变微生物代谢及产酶的种类和数量;2)多酚代谢产物还可与细菌细胞表面作用,抑制酶的活性,从而影响能量代谢,减少脂肪沉积;3)多酚通过干预人体肠道菌群调整能量代谢,为预防和治疗肥胖及相关性疾病提供了新的研究思路。本文对多酚调整肠道菌群从而影响肥胖发生的作用机制进行了综述。 相似文献
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随着生物医学的快速发展,系列研究表明抑郁症与肠道微生物间存在密切联系,抑郁症患者通常伴随着肠道菌群种类、相对丰度及其代谢产物的改变。肠道菌群代谢产物短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFA)是联系宿主和肠道菌群的重要中介物质,具有生物学效应,对宿主的生理功能产生影响。近年来,基于短链脂肪酸防治抑郁症的研究一直是该领域的研究热点,短链脂肪酸在肠道中的含量变化影响着抑郁症的发生发展。本文主要综述了SCFA对抑郁症的可能作用机制(调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、影响色氨酸代谢以及减轻炎症反应)和外源干预抑郁症治疗的可能途径(食用益生菌、益生元和粪便菌群移植),以期为开发新型抑郁症治疗药物提供理论参考。 相似文献
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膳食与宿主的代谢、免疫系统密切相关。大量报道表明膳食显著影响肠道菌群的组成和功能,进一步影响宿主生理。基于肠道菌群膳食干预的健康调控策略已成为研究热点。本文作者综述了近年来国内外高水平团队的相关研究成果,介绍了膳食模式、膳食成分、功能膳食补充剂对肠道微生物及人体健康研究的相互关系,为相关膳食干预策略的开发提供一些借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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肠道屏障功能异常与肥胖等一系列慢性代谢性疾病相关。Akkermansia muciniphlia是一种肠道黏液层降解菌,与肠道屏障功能关系密切,其丰度在部分代谢性疾病临床病例和动物模型中变化显著,提示该菌可能参与代谢,但具体作用机制有待明确和归纳。本文从A. muciniphlia与肠道黏液层、代谢疾病以及肠道免疫关系这3 个角度,综述了近年来相关研究进展,试图探讨该菌对肠道屏障功能的影响和作用机制,为通过饮食预防慢性代谢疾病提供新的思路。 相似文献
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Fredrik Bäckhed 《International Dairy Journal》2010,20(4):259-261
Identification of the gut microbiota as an environmental factor that modulates obesity and metabolic diseases has provided the medical and functional food industry with new targets to treat metabolic diseases. However, only limited knowledge about the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota contributes to these lifestyle diseases are known. The gut microbiota is involved in energy harvest from the diet, modulation of endocrine signalling, and promoting metabolic inflammation. This review will discuss how the gut microbiota is altered in obesity, some of the mechanisms by which it promotes disease development, and how pre- and probiotics may be used to improve metabolic diseases. 相似文献
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Chen Hou Weimin Zhang Jianke Li Lin Du Ou Lv Shengjuan Zhao Jia Li 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2019,63(16)
Pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn) is used in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome in recent decades. Imbalances in lipid metabolism are profound features of metabolic disorders. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that extracts of different pomegranate fractions (peels, flowers, juice, and seeds) regulate lipid metabolism in metabolic‐disorder‐associated diseases such as atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes, helping to alleviate the development of diseases. Amelioration of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response is considered an important reason underlying the regulation of lipid metabolism by pomegranate extracts. Mitochondria, the major cellular site for lipid oxidation, are strongly associated with cellular oxidative and inflammatory status and are likely to be a target for pomegranate extract action. This review summarizes the main findings about the effects of different pomegranate fraction extracts on lipid metabolism in metabolic‐disorder‐associated diseases and analyses how pomegranate extracts achieve their effects. Furthermore, it also provides an important basis for the research and development of pomegranate‐related nutrients or drugs. 相似文献
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代谢综合征是由一系列代谢紊乱所导致的心血管疾病和Ⅱ型糖尿病等疾病的统称,是饮食紊乱和不正确的生活方式所造成的。随着人们年龄的增长发病率逐渐升高,并且在全球呈现流行趋势。二氢尿嘧啶脱氢酶(NAD+)依赖的SIRT家族调节细胞和器官的代谢,对代谢综合征具有明显的调节作用。本文重点从分子水平阐述白藜芦醇介导的SIRT1,以及SIRT家族其他成员对代谢的调节作用,为开发白藜芦醇类的功能性食品提供科学依据。SIRT家族的乙酰化调节也为由于代谢和饮食紊乱所导致的代谢综合征和癌症治疗方法的发展提供新的途径。 相似文献
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The prevalence and severity of obesity, type 2-diabetes, and the resultant metabolic syndrome are rapidly increasing. As successful preventive and therapeutic strategies for these life-threatening health ailments often come with adverse side effects, nutritional elements are widely used in many countries as preventive therapies to prevent or manage metabolic syndrome. Fruits are important dietary components, and contain various bioactive constituents. Many of these constituents have been proven to be useful to manage and treat various chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Although exotic fruits are understudied throughout the world due to their limited regional presence, many studies reveal their potent ability to ameliorate metabolic derangements and the resultant conditions i.e. diabetes and obesity. The aim of this article is to review the role of exotic fruits and their constituents in the regulation of metabolic functions, which can beneficially alter diabetes and obesity pathophysiology. 相似文献
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Xinwei Jiang Xusheng Li Cuijuan Zhu Jianxia Sun Lingmin Tian Wei Chen 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2019,59(6):921-946
AbstractMetabolic syndrome develops to several related chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Diseases are outcomes of various cells dysfunction, which are especially acting with a network in metabolic syndrome. Anthocyanins are natural edible pigments widely existed in dark-colored fruits, vegetables, and grains. Epidemiological investigation and nutritional intervention of anthocyanins have exhibited broad-spectrum biological effects that they can benefit patients with metabolic syndrome related chronic diseases. Whereas the underlying mechanisms and the effects of anthocyanins on critical cells in chronic metabolic diseases are complex and elusive. Therefore, this review summarizes the studies about the effects of anthocyanins on various metabolism related chronic diseases, and mainly focuses on the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms on critical cells. We confirmed that anthocyanins are efficient on adipocytes, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells, hepatocytes, intestinal cells and gut microbiota, but lack of evidence on platelets, skeletal muscle cells, hepatic stellate cells and pancreatic beta cells. Additionally, we discussed the structure-function relationship of anthocyanins and the metabolites. This review summarizes the development of studies on anthocyanins with its target cells in metabolic syndrome, and discusses the unclear aspects of the anthocyanins research work, which is necessary for the future clinical application. 相似文献