Comparative study on antioxidant activity of four varieties of Flammulina velutipes with different colour

Flammulina velutipes is one of the most popular edible mushrooms consumed all around the world. This study evaluates the antioxidant potential of four varieties of F. velutipes with different colour (snowy white, off‐white, yellow, snuff colour) in terms of DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity. The total phenols, phenolic acid and l ‐ergothioneine contents in the four varieties of F. velutipes were also determined. Extracts from yellow F. velutipes demonstrated better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl radical and metal chelating activity and extracts from snowy white F. velutipes showed higher activity in reducing power. However, snuff colour F. velutipes exhibited the lowest antioxidant activity in all the tested assays. The antioxidant activities may be attributed to the higher phenolic acid and l ‐ergothioneine contents as a linear relation was observed between the two components and the antioxidant parameters.     

不同压榨方式澳洲坚果油品质及抗氧化活性比较

采用螺旋热榨、螺旋冷榨与液压压榨方式制备澳洲坚果油,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其 脂肪酸组成进行分析,并以核桃油为对照,对其色差值、质量指标与总酚含量进行测定;同时,以核桃 油与芦丁标准品为对照,研究其对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、2’-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸 （2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）自由基的清除能力及还原力。结果表明： 不同压榨方式澳洲坚果油中,液压压榨澳洲坚果油品质最佳,其评估色泽的L、a 、b值分别为99.78、 －1.44、2.99;质量指标酸价、过氧化值分别为0.648 6 mg/g、0.466 8 mmol/kg;含有5 种不饱和脂肪酸,总质量 分数为83.89%,其中油酸62.66%、棕榈油酸16.75%、亚油酸1.47%;总酚含量为679.11 μg/mL。不同压榨方式澳 洲坚果油的抗氧化活性与其质量浓度呈正相关,对羟自由基与超氧阴离子自由基有较强的清除作用,具有一定的 ABTS＋·清除能力与还原力。其中液压压榨澳洲坚果油对羟自由基的清除能力（半抑制浓度（half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50）1.31 mg/mL）与还原力（IC50 14.78 mg/mL）优于热榨、冷榨澳洲坚果油,低于芦丁 标准品;对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力（IC50 0.029 mg/mL）较强,相同质量浓度下优于冷榨澳洲坚果油与芦丁 标准品,低于热榨澳洲坚果油与核桃油;对ABTS＋·的清除能力（IC50 12.88 mg/mL）高于热榨澳洲坚果油与核桃 油,低于冷榨澳洲坚果油与芦丁标准品。相关性分析得出不同压榨方式澳洲坚果油与核桃油中的总酚含量与其清除 羟自由基（R＝0.951 9,P＜0.01）、ABTS＋·（R＝0.910 7,P＜0.01）的能力及还原力（R＝0.939 4,P＜0.01）之 间具有较高的相关性。     

超临界CO_2萃取小球藻精油及其抗氧化分析

本试验采用超临界CO2萃取小球藻精油。并比较了精油和叶黄素的还原力和DPPH自由基清除率。利用GC-MS测定精油中不饱和脂肪酸,分析其抗氧化能力。结果表明,超临界CO2萃取所得的小球藻精油和提取纯化后所得的叶黄素晶体均具有良好的抗氧化性。纯化得到的小球藻叶黄素晶体总还原力大于小球藻精油,但DPPH自由基清除率小于小球藻精油。同时,小球藻精油含有种类丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,具有协同抗氧化作用。     

超临界CO2萃取小球藻精油及其抗氧化分析

本试验采用超临界CO2萃取小球藻精油.并比较了精油和叶黄素的还原力和DPPH自由基清除率.利用GC-MS测定精油中不饱和脂肪酸,分析其抗氧化能力.结果表明,超临界CO2萃取所得的小球藻精油和提取纯化后所得的叶黄素晶体均具有良好的抗氧化性.纯化得到的小球藻叶黄素晶体总还原力大于小球藻精油,但DPPH自由基清除率小于小球藻...     

Antioxidant activities of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) pericarp and seed extracts

In this study, we examined the antioxidant activities of red pepper (Capsicum annuum, L.) pericarp and red pepper seed extracts. The extracts were evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, [2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid)] (ABTS) radical scavenging, ferrous chelating activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reducing power, along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. All the extracts showed strong antioxidant activity by the testing methods. The red pepper pericarp extract exhibited strong ferrous chelating activity and high scavenging activity against free radicals, including both the hydroxyl and DPPH radicals, but it exhibited weaker scavenging activity for the superoxide anion radical and for SOD. In contrast, the red pepper seed extract exhibited strong SOD activity and high scavenging activity against the superoxide anion radical, but showed weaker ferrous chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and DPPH radical scavenging. We observed that the reducing power level and ABTS radical scavenging activity of the red pepper seed were higher than those of the red pepper pericarp at the highest tested concentration. Most of the test results for the red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp extracts increased markedly with increasing concentration; however, the metal chelating, SOD and ABTS radical scavenging activities did not increase with the concentration. Highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained from the red pepper pericarp extracts. Overall, the red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp extracts were highly effective for the antioxidant properties assayed, with the exceptions of ferrous chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD activity.     

Changes in free-radical scavenging ability of kombucha tea during fermentation

Kombucha tea is a fermented tea beverage produced by fermenting sugared black tea with tea fungus (kombucha). Free-radical scavenging abilities of kombucha tea prepared from green tea (GTK), black tea (BTK) and tea waste material (TWK) along with pH, phenolic compounds and reducing power were investigated during fermentation period. Phenolic compounds, scavenging activity on DPPH radical, superoxide radical (xanthine–xanthine oxidase system) and inhibitory activity against hydroxyl radical mediated linoleic acid oxidation (ammonium thiocyanate assay) were increased during fermentation period, whereas pH, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (ascorbic acid–iron EDTA) and anti-lipid peroxidation ability (thiobarbituric assay) were decreased. From the present study, it is obvious that there might be some chances of structural modification of components in tea due to enzymes liberated by bacteria and yeast during kombucha fermentation which results in better scavenging performance on nitrogen and superoxide radicals, and poor scavenging performance on hydroxyl radicals.     

不同干燥方法对荷花花瓣抗氧化活性和化学成分的影响

研究不同干燥方法(阴干、晒干、鼓风干燥、微波干燥、冷冻干燥)对荷花花瓣抗氧化活性和总黄酮、总酚、花青素含量的影响。以抗坏血酸作为阳性对照,采用还原能力、DPPH自由基清除和羟基自由基清除3种体外抗氧化模型,评价了不同干燥方式处理的荷花花瓣的抗氧化能力,并对总黄酮、总酚和花青素的含量进行了测定。结果表明:荷花花瓣具有较强的还原能力、清除DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的能力;不同干燥方法对荷花花瓣的抗氧化活性和活性物质的含量均有较大的影响,其中冷冻干燥的荷花花瓣抗氧活性能力最强,且总黄酮、总酚和花青素的含量最高,分别为60.20、85.35 mg/g和150.3 ng/g;而晒干荷花花瓣的抗氧化能力最差,黄酮、总酚和花青素的含量最低,分别为0.39、19.08 mg/g和2.8 ng/g。     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum cognatum Meissn extracts

The antioxidant activities, reducing powers, 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activities, total phenolic compound contents and antimicrobial activities of ether, ethanol and hot water extracts of Polygonum cognatum Meissn were studied in vitro. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the water extract. However, there were no statistically significant differences among 15 µg ml^?1 extract‐containing samples in linoleic acid emulsion (0.02 M , pH 7.0) during 120 h of incubation (P > 0.05). The reducing power of the water extract was the highest, but its reducing power was markedly lower than that of ascorbic acid. The highest DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was found in the water extract, with 50% DPPH radical scavenging at a concentration of 100 µg ml^?1 dried water extract, while at the same concentration of dried ethanol extract the value was 12%. Surprisingly, no DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was observed in the ether extract. The concentrations of phenolic compounds found were 0.48, 0.50 and 0.01 µg ml^?1 gallic acid equivalent in 10 µg ml^?1 water, ethanol and ether extracts respectively. The ether and ethanol extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The water extract did not show antimicrobial activity against the studied micro‐organisms. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins extracted from litchi (Litchi chinenesis Sonn.) fruit pericarp tissues in relation to their role in the pericarp browning

Anthocyanins were extracted and purified from litchi fruit pericarp and their antioxidant properties were investigated. Effects of exogenous anthocyanin treatments on pericarp browning and membrane permeability of harvested litchi fruit were also evaluated. Anthocyanins from litchi fruit pericarp strongly inhibited linoleic acid oxidation and exhibited a dose-dependent free-radical-scavenging activity against DPPH radical, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radical. The degradation of deoxyribose by hydroxyl radicals was shown to be inhibited by anthocyanins acting mainly as chelators of iron ions rather than directly scavenging hydroxyl radicals. Anthocyanins were also found to have excellent reducing power. The reducing power of anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene all at 100 μg/ml were 3.70, 0.427 and 0.148, respectively, indicating that anthocyanins from litchi pericarp had a strong electron-donating capacity. Furthermore, application of anthocyanins to harvested litchi fruit significantly prevented pericarp browning and delayed the increase in membrane permeability. It was therefore suggested that anthocyanins could be beneficial in scavenging free radicals and reducing lipid peroxidation of litchi fruit pericarp.     

Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of Pittosporum dasycaulon Miq. stem bark

The in vitro antioxidant properties of methanol and aqueous extracts of stem bark from Pittosporum dasycaulon Miq. were investigated. Fractions were screened for total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, and radical scavenging activities. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of the methanol and aqueous extracts were also determined. The aqueous extract exhibited a stronger scavenging effect than the methanol extract against the DPPH free radical, the nitric oxide radical, and the superoxide radical. The methanol extract exhibited a stronger total antioxidant activity and reducing power than the aqueous extract. The free radical scavenging effect of P. dasycaulon stem bark extracts was comparable to an ascorbic acid reference antioxidant while the reducing power of the methanol extract was greater than ascorbic acid. P. dasycaulon stem bark is a potential source of natural antioxidant compounds.     

高钙菜黄酮的分级分离各级分的抗氧化活性

以抗坏血酸和叔丁基羟基茴香醚做阳性对照,采用二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)、羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O₂-·)、还原力、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐阳离子自由基(ABTS+·)和总抗体外抗氧化模型,主成分分析综合评价高钙菜总黄酮各级分(乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相、氯仿相和水相)的抗氧化活性。结果显示,在各体外抗氧化活性指标的测定中,各萃取相的抗氧化活性均随着黄酮浓度增加呈现上升趋势,其中ABTS+·的清除能力最强,高达99.72%±0.10%,与抗坏血酸清除能力相近。乙酸乙酯相的·OH清除率、O₂-·清除率、总抗氧化FRAP值、还原力及ABTS+·清除率要显著优于其它各萃取相,氯仿相的DPPH·清除率显著优于其它萃取相。主成分分析综合评价显示,乙酸乙酯相抗氧化活性最佳。显色反应结合红外光谱分析,初步判定乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相可能为黄酮醇类。高钙菜总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性,可作为良好的健康食品原料开发及利用。     

酸法提取菜籽多糖的抗氧化活性研究

为进一步开发利用菜籽资源,本研究从菜籽饼粕中以酸法提取菜籽多糖并对其抗氧化性进行研究。测定指标包括还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基(.OH)清除能力和超氧阴离子自由基(O-2.)清除能力。结果表明:酸法提取菜籽多糖具有一定的清除.OH、DPPH自由基的能力及还原能力,而且其抗氧化能力与多糖的质量浓度成正相关性;其中,当多糖质量浓度为2mg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除能力能达到49.9%;当多糖质量浓度为4mg/mL时,.OH的清除能力能达到30.4%;但其对于O-2.几乎没有清除作用。     

Antioxidant Activity of Ripe and Unripe Pepino Fruit (Solanum muricatum Aiton)

Abstract: Ripe and unripe exotic pepino fruit were evaluated for antioxidant activity, total phenols, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant potency was investigated by employing various established in vitro systems, such as 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2–2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing power, ferrous ion chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation. The EC₅₀ values of ripe ethanolic extract on DPPH radical, reducing power, ferrous ion chelation, ABTS radical, FRAP, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation (brain), and lipid peroxidation (liver) were obtained to be 2.20, 2.81, <5.00, 34.06, 8.53, 1.30, 1.75, and 0.51 mg/mL, respectively. However, the EC₅₀ values for unripe fruit extract were noted to be 3.75, 3.40, 11.25, 40.12, 9.75, 0.80, 1.91, and 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. Ripe fruit exhibited the highest values of antioxidant activity in all the scavenging assays except for hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Ripe pepino had higher total phenol and flavonoid content than unripe fruit. This study suggests that possible mechanism of the biological activities may be due to free radical scavenging and antioxidant characteristics, which may be due to the presence of polyphenols in the fruit extracts. Practical Application: The ripe and unripe pepino fruit have excellent antioxidant properties, so the results obtained in this study clearly indicate that pepino fruit has a significant potential to use as a natural antioxidant agent and possibly as a food supplement.     

竹柏种仁油脂成分及其抗氧化活性分析

采用5种方法对竹柏种仁油脂进行提取,并通过核磁共振和气相色谱-质谱技术分别对其油脂成分和脂肪酸组成进行分析,同时采用DPPH自由基清除法和羟基自由基清除法对竹柏种仁油脂的抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明,5种方法对竹柏种仁油脂的提取率存在显著差异(P 0.05),其中Folch法的提取率最高,为53. 81%。竹柏种仁油脂以甘油三酯为主,磷脂、游离脂肪酸和甾醇含量极低。竹柏种仁油脂经2 mol/L KOH-甲醇溶液室温衍生3 min,甲酯转化率即达99. 80%;且其脂肪酸以油酸(18. 65%)、亚油酸(43.49%)和花生烯酸(30.65%)为主,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90%以上。竹柏种仁油脂对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的IC_(50)分别为3.36 mg/mL和0. 38 mg/mL,表明竹柏种仁油脂具有较好的抗氧化能力,可作为健康植物油脂进行开发利用,具有良好的开发潜力和应用前景。本研究为竹柏种仁油脂的提取、成分分析和抗氧化活性研究提供了一定的参考。     

Antioxidant activities of squid protein hydrolysates prepared with papain using response surface methodology

Squid protein hydrolysates (SPH) were prepared from the Indian squid Loligo duvauceli using papain. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of hydrolysis conditions, including temperature, time, and the enzyme-substrate ratio using DPPH radical scavenging activity as a response. The amino acid composition of SPH was compared with raw squid muscle. In vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated based on reducing power, metal chelation, ABTS, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays. SPH exhibited good ABTS radical scavenging activities of 96.50±0.90%, superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of 96.4±0.89%, reducing powers of 0.71±0.02, moderate hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of 64.03±2.11%, and metal chelating activities of 52.04±1.02%. In vivo antioxidant activities determined using a sardine minced model system showed 42% reduction in formation of secondary oxidative products as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), almost equivalent to reduction by ascorbic acid of 41.42% at 400 ppm.     

不同处理条件对猴头菇抗氧化活性的影响

研究不同加工、烹制条件对猴头菇抗氧化活性的影响。在不同处理条件下处理猴头菇子实体,然后从清除羟自由基的能力、还原力、清除超氧阴离子自由基和清除DPPH自由基的能力4个方面测定不同处理条件对猴头菇抗氧化活性的影响。结果显示,随烘烤温度升高,清除羟自由基的能力与还原力显著升高,清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力和清除DPPH自由基的能力显著降低。微波处理对清除羟自由基基本没有影响,但能显著升高还原力、清除超氧阴离子自由基和清除DPPH自由基的能力。煮处理中,清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力、还原力和清除DPPH自由基的能力显著高于炒处理;而对于清除羟自由基,炒处理则显著高于煮处理。研究结果为猴头菇加工、烹制条件的改善提供理论依据。     

光皮木瓜汁体外抗氧化活性研究

采用体外抗氧化实验评价光皮木瓜汁的抗氧化活性,并对总酚和VC含量与抗氧化能力的相关性进行分析。结果显示：光皮木瓜汁有较强的清除自由基能力,稀释10倍的果汁清除ABTS+ ·、DPPH自由基、羟自由基( ·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2－ ·)的IC50分别为0.0043、0.021、0.22、0.39mL,且对DPPH自由基、ABTS+ ·的清除效果明显高于O2－ ·和 ·OH,同时可显著抑制Fe2+诱发的卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化,具有较高的还原能力。光皮木瓜汁清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+ ·和抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化的能力与总酚含量之间的相关性均高于其与VC含量之间的相关性。     

响应面试验优化葡萄籽油提取工艺及其抗氧化性

目的：优化葡萄籽油的提取工艺,对葡萄籽油的抗氧化性进行研究。方法：通过响应面分析法,对葡萄籽油的提取工艺进行优化;比较不同物质的抗氧化性,以对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、亚硝基的清除率和还原能力的大小为检测指标。结果：萄萄籽油最佳提取条件为提取温度58.136 ℃、提取时间1.703 h、料液比1∶5.627。优化后提取的萄萄籽油对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力高于同等质量浓度的沙棘黄酮;对羟自由基的清除能力高于抗坏血酸;对亚硝基的清除能力显著高于抗坏血酸和沙棘黄酮;还原能力比较中,高于沙棘黄酮和抗坏血酸。结论：该工艺条件可行,葡萄籽油具有良好的抗氧化性。     

酶法水解脱脂米糠蛋白抗氧化性质研究

以脱脂米糠为原料,采用碱性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶酶解制备米糠蛋白,并将制备酶解液与抗坏血酸在超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)清除率、羟自由基(.OH)清除率、H2O2清除能力及还原能力等方面进行比较,研究米糠蛋白抗氧化活性。结果表明,米糠蛋白具有较强抗氧化活性,虽效果不如抗坏血酸;但对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)(最高为98.41%)、羟自由基(.OH)(最高达97.04%)及H2O2均有不同程度清除作用,并具有一定还原能力;且抗氧化能力与添加量存在一定量效关系,其中还出现有促氧化特殊现象。     

生姜酵素理化成分、风味物质及抗氧化性分析

对生姜酵素理化成分、风味成分及抗氧化性进行检测分析.结果 表明,生姜酵素的pH值为3.80,总酸为2.91 g/100 g,乙醇含量为0.82 g/100 g,可溶性固形物含量为24.4％,乳酸含量为2.6× 103 mg/l00 g,总酚含量达到5.77 μg/μL.利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析鉴定出...