烟支含签率的影响因素探讨

对叶片含梗率及PROTOS— 70卷烟机的剔梗签系统对于烟支含签率的影响进行了分析 ,结果表明 :叶片中含梗率的高低直接影响烟支含签率 ,梗导向板高度应≤ 6 7mm ;不同等级的卷烟在风压、负压一定的情况下 ,梗导向板高度与烟支含梗签率成负相关 ,与梗签含丝率成正相关 ;在烟支含梗签率、风压、负压一定的情况下 ,卷烟等级升高梗导向板高度随着增加 ;在梗导向板高度、负压一定的情况下 ,烟支含梗签率与风压成正相关 ;在梗导向板高度、风压不变的情况下 ,随着负压的升高烟支含签率增加、梗签含丝量减少 ;随着烟支含梗签率的降低 ,烟支重量标准偏差也降低 .根据生产卷烟等级调整剔梗系统后可降低消耗 ,提高设备有效作业率     

外置式卷接机组梗签分离装置的设计

为降低成品烟丝中的梗中含丝率,减少烟丝浪费,在ZJ17卷接机组的基础上设计了一种外置式梗签分离装置。原机分离出的梗丝混合物进入梗签一次分离装置,在真空悬浮腔内将混合物再次分离;一次分离出的较重烟丝和梗签的混合物输送到除尘房,较轻烟丝输送到梗签二次分离装置,在离心分离腔内将混合物再次分离;二次分离出的较轻烟丝直接进入制烟环节,含有少量烟丝的梗签混合物进入吸尘室。利用Ansys Workbench14.0软件对两种真空悬浮腔进行仿真分析,结果显示:方形腔体的梗丝分离效果好于圆柱形腔体,风分气压范围为-1.8×10~5～-2.3×10~5Pa;将离心分离腔体设计为"马蹄形",有利于气流流速发生变化,减少烟丝造碎。以曲靖卷烟厂生产的"云烟(软珍品)""云烟(软紫)"两种卷烟牌号为对象进行测试,结果表明:(1)改进后ZJ17卷烟机组平均梗中含丝率从20.27%下降到1.80%,每台机组可节约烟丝3 180 kg∕年;(2)安装分离装置不会对烟支卷制质量产生影响。该装置可为提升卷烟厂精益生产水平提供支持。     

烟丝输送与梗签收集复合系统可行性分析

针对卷烟厂支管定量补风烟丝输送系统和梗签收集系统各自的特点,为了弥补支管定量补风烟丝输送系统运行能耗较高的不足,将梗签收集和烟丝输送复合成一个系统,利用烟丝输送系统的补风量作为梗签收集风量的一部分,以稳定送丝风速、降低系统负荷。运用流体网络分析法,对复合系统的烟丝输送和梗签收集系统的稳定性和风速进行了计算分析,证明复合系统的方案是可行的。相对于独立系统,复合系统将卷烟机不吸丝时的补风风量利用起来,用于部分梗签收集,提高了系统稳定性,降低了系统能耗,节能率达到17.8%。     

适应细支卷烟加工特性的柔性风选系统优化设计

为降低细支卷烟烟丝中的梗签含量和在线剔除梗签中的烟丝,改善烟丝结构,提升细支卷烟产品质量及其稳定性,基于现有二级叶丝风选系统,设计了适应细支卷烟大流量叶丝风选的三级柔性风选系统。该系统主要包括进料机构、梳丝辊、三级风选箱体、旋风落料器(沉降式落料器)、输送机构、出料机构及除尘管道等部分组成,通过一级、二级风选最大程度地"丝中选梗",三级风选"梗中选丝",实现成品烟丝中梗签含量的有效降低,同时增加被剔除梗签中合格烟丝的回收利用。以黄鹤楼某细支卷烟为对象进行测试,结果表明:改进后的叶丝柔性风选系统能够有效降低烟丝中梗签含量及剔除梗签中的烟丝含量,风选剔除梗签含丝率降低20%以上,烟支含梗率由1.06%降低至0.74%;烟支物理指标均有不同程度提升,烟支刺破等外观质量缺陷问题得到了有效的改善。该系统在提升产品质量的同时可提高原料综合利用率。     

棉花加工厂标准机制管道的推广与应用

<正>棉花加工厂中籽棉、皮棉、短绒、棉籽及杂质等物料主要通过气流输送来实现,管道系统是气流输送的主要装置,其结构的合理性、密封性直接影响着气流输送的效能。本文首先从管道磨损的机理进行分析,针对目前存在的问题提出解决方案。一、引起管道磨损的原因分析物料在输送管道内流动时,其运动形式错综复杂,主要有滚动和滑动,同时还伴随着物料之间以及与管道之间强度不同的撞击。这些相对运动和撞击所引起的摩擦磨损和冲击破坏是导致输送管道磨损     

粉尘悬浮输送速度的研究

通过对粉尘悬浮状态流动规律的研究发现:输送管中物料的混合比一定时,气流速度越高,粒子悬浮流动效果越好;输送速度一定时,混合比越小,粒子悬浮流动效果越好;混合比是影响混合气流速度的主要因素.而当混合比一定,气流速度低至使粉尘物料在管道底部形成永久性沉淀层时,这种状态为管道堵塞的临界点,这时的气流速度即为临界速度;同样输送速度一定,混合比高至使粉尘物料在管道底部形成永久性沉淀层时,这时的混合比即为临界混合比.本研究提出的临界速度试验法简明、方便、实用,通过实际工程应用和长期运行考察,证明"临界速度试验法"确定的数值是可靠和合理的,基本上符合粉尘悬浮输送的运行规律.     

卷烟制丝生产线集中除尘系统的改进

为解决制丝生产线集中除尘系统管道中存在粉尘沉积及管道堵塞等问题,基于气-固两相流理论和风速计算方法对除尘系统进行了改进。简化管道结构,将两条并联连接的除尘支管改为串联连接,增大管道内风速;采用耐磨弯头,并将弯头的曲率半径由原来的管道直径1.5倍增加至2倍,减少气流动能的阻力损失。以南京卷烟厂的4条制丝生产线为对象进行测试,结果表明:改进后集中除尘系统管道内风速达到29.4 m/s,远大于粉尘输送所需的最小风速18 m/s;管道堵塞次数减少4.33次/月,停机时间减少344.2 min/月。该技术可为提高制丝线集中除尘系统的运行效率提供支持。     

小部件引起大故障

近期,笔者所在公司发生了两起影响出报时效的故障,经查全部由报纸印刷机上的小部件损坏引起,造成的损失都非常严重,在此,笔者将该故障及解决方法总结如下,与大家分享。报纸输送装置异常1.故障现象近期,在报纸传送过程中,报纸在龙骨入口经常堵塞,从而导致输送装置停机。情况不严重时,直接启动     

梗签废料中可用烟丝回收工艺优化

在卷烟生产过程中,由于切丝并条等各种原因造成粘连烟丝。由于粘连烟丝与梗签密度较为接近,在制丝风选和卷烟机剔梗过程中会被当作梗签剔除,造成严重浪费。虽然卷烟机有在线分离梗签回收烟丝装置,但主要基于风分原理,在线回收烟丝效果不好。试验创新应用筛分、滚筒润丝、蒸汽膨胀、烘丝、风选、结构筛分提取卷烟机剔除梗签中所含烟丝,解决结团、粘连烟丝被风选设备和剔梗设备误剔除造成的烟丝原料浪费问题,提高梗签烟丝回收率和纯净度,实现资源化处理烟草生产废弃物及设备资源化再利用,回收烟丝可为企业节约成本875万元/年。     

SFA505型细纱机吸棉装置的改造

细纱机断头吸棉负压的合理配置直接影响细纱断头率、产品质量和生产成本。我公司SFA5 0 5型细纱机纺纱断头率高 ,缠罗拉、缠胶辊严重 ,因胶辊刀伤一个洗车周期要更换四分之一的胶辊。此外纺纱过程中由于叶子板的上升和翻动 ,极易使吸棉笛管脱落 ,造成漏风 ,且由于吸棉管过长 ,容易使吸棉管堵塞 ,造成飘头 ,成纱粗节增多 ,影响成纱质量。我们对原来的吸棉负压进行了测试 :车头段为 392Pa,车中段为 490Pa,车尾段为5 88Pa ,达不到纺纱要求。因此对原吸棉装置行了改造 :( 1 )将主风道高出车面 60mm ,使吸棉管缩短并在车面以上 ,设计的主风道…     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.