中条山区域野生油脂植物资源及特征分析

通过野外调查、标本鉴定和资料查询,对中条山区域分布的野生油脂植物资源的种类、含油量、用途及蕴藏量进行了统计和分析,同时对中条山油脂植物的开发利用提出了建议。结果表明:中条山区域共有油脂植物57科135属176种;在物种组成上,以蔷薇科、唇形科、豆科、榆科、忍冬科、菊科、十字花科为优势类群;在生活型上,以木本植物数量为多,占油脂植物的60.2%;在含油量上,以含油量在20%～29.9%之间的种数最多,含油量在20%以上具有潜在开发利用价值的有136种;从用途看,具有工业用途的有158种,具有食用价值的有45种,具有医药及保健作用的有72种;含油部位以种子为主,少数为果实和种仁。松科、胡桃科、桦木科、蔷薇科、唇形科、无患子科、槭树科、胡颓子科、省沽油科、菊科等具有较大开发潜力。     

湖南德夯风景名胜区油脂植物资源调查及分析

通过前期野外调查、标本数据整理以及文献查阅,对湖南省德夯风景名胜区油脂植物资源进行统计分析。结果表明：该区油脂植物共有90科239属429种;含种数在15种以上的优势科有8个,分别是豆科、蔷薇科、樟科、大戟科、忍冬科、百合科、卫矛科和芸香科;含种数在10种以上的优势属有2个,分别是荚蒾属、山胡椒属;生活习性以木本为主;该区油脂植物区系地理成分科级水平上以泛热带分布和世界分布为主,属级水平上以泛热带分布和北温带分布为主,种级水平上主要集中在东亚分布和中国特有分布。该区油脂植物种类丰富,用途广泛,含油量在40%以上的有40种（18科22属）,资源开发与利用潜力较大。德夯风景名胜区与湘西地区整体油脂植物资源特征一致,与武功山、井冈山、庐山、壶瓶山油脂植物区系地理成分特征大体一致。     

广东南岭国家级自然保护区非粮油脂植物资源调查

在前期调查与文献查阅的基础上,对广东南岭国家级自然保护区的非粮油脂植物资源进行了初步调查和统计分析。对收集的植物含油器官采用索氏提取法测定含油率,气相色谱-质谱法测定油脂中的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:广东南岭国家级自然保护区非粮油脂植物共有77科190属471种,分别占南岭种子植物科、属、种的41.18%、17.40%、14.81%,分别占全国油脂植物科、属、种的71.30%、47.86%、57.86%;含15种以上非粮油脂植物的优势科有樟科、卫矛科、大戟科、芸香科、木兰科、茶科、蔷薇科,主要分布于海拔1 400 m以下的常绿阔叶林带;科属分布区类型复杂多样,以热带成分占明显优势,同时也受温带成分较强烈的影响;含油率大于45%的有46种(20科27属)。     

湖南小溪国家级自然保护区油脂植物资源调查

调查了湖南省小溪国家级自然保护区油脂植物资源及其开发利用现状。结果表明,该区油脂植物共有77科179属345种,占全国油脂植物科属种的71.3%、45.1%、42.4%,含10种以上的科有大戟科、樟科、榆科、芸香科、木兰科、卫矛科、豆科、蔷薇科、十字花科、菊科和忍冬科等11个科,为该地区油脂植物的优势类群。简要介绍了66种含油量较高的油脂植物,并对小溪保护区油脂植物的保护和开发利用现状提出了建议。     

山西野生木本油脂植物资源现状分析

为掌握山西省野生木本油脂植物资源现状,采用实地踏查、试验分析和资料收集相结合的方法,对山西省内主要山地、自然保护区不同野生木本油脂植物资源的种类、分布及含油率进行全面调查统计,并用索氏提取法测定33种木本油脂植物的含油率。结果表明:山西省野生木本油脂植物共43科84属168种。目前开发利用较多的种类有翅果油树、中国沙棘、文冠果等,具有较大开发潜力的有榛属、朴属、山胡椒属、盐肤木属、卫矛属、南蛇藤属、梾木属、槭属、栾树属、野茉莉属、连翘属等。对山西省野生油脂植物的种类组成、取用部位、用途以及利用现状进行了分析,并提出保护与利用建议。     

河北嶂石岩区域野生油脂植物资源调查与评价

通过野外调查、标本鉴定和数据信息查询,对河北嶂石岩区域分布的野生油脂植物资源的种类、含油量及蕴藏量进行了统计和分析。结果表明:河北嶂石岩区域共有油脂植物39科72属79种,占嶂石岩区域植物总数的35.91%;在物种组成上,以唇形科、菊科、蔷薇科、十字花科和豆科为优势类群;在生活型上,以草本植物数量为多,木本植物较少,分别占油脂植物的51.90%和37.97%;在含油量上,以含油量在10%~20%之间的植物种类最多,另有近一半的植物含油量在30%以上;在油脂组成成分上,以富含亚油酸、亚麻酸等多不饱和脂肪酸的种类为主,占油脂植物的72.15%。唇形科、菊科、十字花科、豆科、松科和胡桃科等植物因蕴藏丰富、含油量高、应用前景广阔,可作为河北嶂石岩区域野生油脂植物优先开发的重点。     

庐山自然保护区油脂植物资源调查

通过野外调查、标本采集与鉴定和查阅文献,对庐山自然保护区的油脂植物资源进行了统计和分析。结果表明:庐山自然保护区共有油脂植物76科、194属、298种,其中裸子植物8科11属22种、被子植物65科179属271种、单子叶植物3科4属5种,占该区种子植物科属种的比例分别为46.62%、22.45%、14.16%,占全国油脂植物科属种的比例分别为70.37%、48.87%、36.61%;含10种以上油脂植物的优势科有10个,含油量在40%以上的有54种,隶属24科34属。庐山自然保护区油脂植物地理分布类型多样,起源古老,以温带成分占优势。     

粤东地区油脂植物资源

随着石油资源的短缺,能源植物的开发越来越受到重视.油脂植物是能源植物重要的组成部分,掌握本地资源是开发的基础工作.粤东南亚热带气候条件适宜多种植物生长,通过野外调查和查阅文献,对粤东地区的油脂植物资源进行了统计.结果表明:共有野生油脂植物70科133属176种,其中裸子植物6科7属7种,被子植物中单子叶植物有4科4属4种,双子叶植物有60科122属165种.粤东地区油脂植物资源种类丰富、起源古老、拥有已被开发的油脂植物种类及其近缘种,均为非食用型油脂植物,应用前景广阔.建议进行资源调查,建立油脂植物信息库和优良燃料油植物的资源圃,开展基础性研究和综合利用,为我国能源植物的开发奠定基础.     

湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区油脂植物资源调查

通过野外调查、标本采集与鉴定和查阅文献,对壶瓶山自然保护区的油脂植物资源进行了统计和分析.结果表明:该区油脂植物共有70科184属281种,分别占壶瓶山种子植物科、属、种的37.04%、19.70%、11.38%,占全国油脂植物科、属、种的64.81%、46.35%、34.52%;含10种以上油脂植物的优势科为十字花科、蔷薇科、菊科、大戟科、豆科、樟科,主要分布于海拔1 100 m以下的常绿阔叶林带;含油量在40%以上的有54种(26科32属).该区油脂植物地理分布类型多样,起源古老,以温带成分占明显优势.     

长白山区温带野生油脂植物资源

长白山属温带气候，在低地落叶阔叶树混交林和红松混交林带中具有种类繁多的油脂植物资源。作者研究了55种主要油脂植物，包括生活型、花期、果期、油脂的含量、具体用途、繁殖的方法等。指出了部分油脂植物可以栽培并在温带地区推广。同时，还简述了油脂植物的民间利用方式，指出了由于清林、种参和森林减少，使资源正受到威胁，建议加强驯化研究和保护。     

Can environmental dust from silo area allow the development of stored product insects?

Dust derived from food processing can accumulate in places difficult to reach, where stored-product pests could thrive. The purpose of this work was to verify the development of Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia kuehniella, and Tribolium castaneum in dust collected on pipes and beams (15 m and 7.5 m) in a silo area of a pasta industry. Proximate analyses showed a higher metal content in the dust collected at the two different heights than semolina, including the presence of chrome, cobalt, arsenic, and lead. Particle size distribution analysis showed that in the two samples of dust the highest percentage was constituted by particle sizes smaller than 106 μm. The tests were carried out by using two quantities 4 g or 0.15 g of dust (corresponding to 3 mm and 0.1 mm), at controlled conditions. Fifty larvae, 0–24 h old, of each species, were used for each dust, semolina, and thickness test. The number of emerged adults was assessed daily. T. castaneum developed on all the tested substrates, despite the high content of metals and the small particle size in the environmental dust. A significant interaction between diet and thickness of the layer was observed, but thickness had a stronger influence than diet. Moreover, light filth analysis detected a large number of fragments of Tribolium sp. in dust collected at a different height. Dust was unsuitable for the development of moths; only two E. kuehniella adults emerged from 3-mm-deep dust collected at 15 m, and development lasted more than 90 d.     

双丰系列甜菜品种（系）产量、含糖与农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

利用灰色系统理论对双丰系列甜菜品种（系）有关甜菜15个农艺性状与产量、含糖率及产糖量的关联度进行了研究分析,结果表明,甜菜植物学株高农艺性状与甜菜产量、含糖及产糖量有较强关联性,关联系数分别为0．9697,排第3位、0．9766,排第7位、0．9701,排第3位,并提出增加甜菜“相对株高”植物学特征及测量方法,甜菜“相对株高”与“株高”进行比值,把传统的甜菜株型类型的定序型数据变为定距型数据即角度数字量化的观点。     

Analysis of low molecular weight plant phenolics by thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using a thermospray interface and discharge ionisation has been conducted on a group of plant phenolic standards and on a wheat straw acid hydrolysate. Protonated molecules, [M + H]⁺, were observed for the phenolic standards and it was possible to identify several phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate. These results indicate that thermospray HPLC/MS has potential as a technique for determining the presence of useful marker compounds which are indicative of the progress of the lignification during plant growth.     

几种豆科植物抗菌肽的生物信息学预测与分析

植物抗菌肽是存在于植物组织细胞中的一类对于对外来侵害有防御作用的小分子蛋白,可抑制或杀伤多种细菌和真菌。随着人们健康意识的提高以及技术手段的进步,植物来源抗菌肽的发掘和应用逐渐成为食品开发领域的重要研究方向。该试验从蛋白数据库中筛选了7种豆科植物的抗菌肽,并对其蛋白序列进行了比对和系统进化树分析,结合生物信息学研究工具对豆科植物抗菌肽的疏水性、拓扑结构域、蛋白空间结构和亚细胞定位进行了预测和分析。结果表明,7种豆科植物抗菌肽序列相似度达到71.94%,均具有8个半胱氨酸保守位点;豆科植物抗菌肽为碱性膜结合蛋白,分布于液泡膜、细胞核膜或者细胞膜上;其3D结构均由一组β-折叠和一个α-螺旋组成,与硫堇、植物防卫素蛋白结构相似。     

植物果胶生产工艺的研究进展

本文综述了从植物中提取果胶的各种方法,包括化学提取法和生物提取法。     

Assessing the visual aspect of rotating virtual rose bushes by a labeled sorting task

Aesthetics is one of the major parameters for consumers when buying a rose bush. Therefore, managing this quality is important for agronomists. Tools are needed to assess visual characteristics and to find links with architectural plant parameters. Sensory analyses were developed using real plants and photographs as stimuli. With technology and modeling improvements, using virtual plants could presents numerous advantages. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using rotating virtual rose bush videos as stimuli for a labeled sorting task. The virtual rose bush reflected a natural within-crop variability of one cultivar based on bud breaks location and axes length. Two panels of subjects closely linked to the horticulture sector sorted and described 40 rotating virtual rose bush videos. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) results for both panels were similar and allowed us to highlight five groups of virtual rose bushes with their specific sensory characteristics and their own most representative products using a combination of the paragons and the most typical products. This approach revealed that subjects detected high visual differences between products, and that by using rotation, they were able to integrate 3D properties about variations around plant facets. Finally, a labeled sorting task is a powerful method for preliminary exploration of the visual aspect of virtual plants.     

Effects of an exogenous xylanase gene expression on the growth of transgenic rice and the expression level of endogenous xylanase inhibitor gene RIXI

BACKGROUND: Xylanases have attracted considerable interest in recent years owing to their various applications in industry and agriculture. The use of transgenic plants to produce xylanases is a less expensive alternative to biotechnological programmes. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether introducing a foreign xylanase gene ATX into rice had any adverse effect on plant growth and development. RESULTS: A recombinant xylanase gene ATX was introduced into rice variety Zhonghua 11 through Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. The T₂ generation of transgenic rice was compared with the control (non‐transgenic plants). Exogenous xylanase gene ATX was expressed in rice, and all examined transgenic lines exhibited xylanase activity. The transgenic lines (T₂, ‘X1‐3’ and ‘X2‐5’) appeared to grow and develop normally. There were no differences in net photosynthetic rate between transgenic rice lines (‘X1‐3’ and ‘X2‐5’) and wild type (WT) rice plants at the heading/flowering stage. Xylanases are key enzymes in the degradation of plant cell walls. Cell wall composition analysis showed that that there were no changes in cell wall polysaccharides in the root apex but some alterations in leaves in transgenic rice plants. The results also showed that the expression of exogenous xylanase gene ATX in rice would increase the expression of endogenous xylanase inhibitor gene RIXI, which could play a role in plant defence. Thus the stress resistance of transgenic rice plants might be improved. CONCLUSION: Exogenous xylanase gene ATX could be successfully expressed in rice, and the exogenous protein had no apparent harmful effects on growth and development in transgenic rice plants. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

植物生长调节剂对烤烟内源激素、烟碱、多酚含量的影响

植物生长调节剂对烤烟内源激素以及烟碱、多酚含量的影响结果表明,植物生长调节剂GA、IAA、2,4-D不同程度地提高了内源GA、IAA含量,降低了内源ABA含量,其中外源GA、高浓度2,4-D处理效果较为明显;植物生长调节剂ABA较强地提高了内源ABA的含量,而降低了内源GA、IAA的含量,喷施高浓度ABA效果明显,在打顶后30d,内源ABA提高140%,而内源GA、内源IAA分别降低了61.9%、85.0%,内源GA在打顶后20d含量达到高峰,内源IAA、ABA在打顶后30d达到高峰。      

Plant neurobiology and green plant intelligence: science,metaphors and nonsense

This paper analyses the recent debates on the emerging science of plant neurobiology, which claims that the individual green plant should be considered as an intelligent organism. Plant neurobiology tries to use elements from animal physiology as elegant metaphors to trigger the imagination in solving complex plant physiological elements of signalling, internal and external plant communication and whole‐plant organisation. Plant neurobiology proposes useful concepts that stimulate discussions on plant behaviour. To be considered a new science, its added value to existing plant biology needs to be presented and critically evaluated. A general, scientific approach is to follow the so‐called ‘parsimony principle’, which calls for simplest ideas and the least number of assumptions for plausible explanation of scientific phenomena. The extent to which plant neurobiology agrees with or violates this general principle needs to be examined. Nevertheless, innovative ideas on the complex mechanisms of signalling, communication, patterning and organisation in higher plants are badly needed. We present current views on these mechanisms and the specific role of auxins in regulating them. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry