小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响

试验用360只爱拔益加肉仔鸡,研究了在用小麦全部取代玉米配制的日粮中,添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡的生产性能和养分消化率的影响。试验结果表明:小麦全部取代玉米后,肉仔鸡的小肠食糜粘度、耗料增重比和死淘率显著升高,蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的消化率及能量的利用率均降低;而在此小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶后,耗料增重比和小肠食糜粘度显著降低(P<0.05),死淘率降低71.9%,能量利用率和蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。     

小麦型日粮中添加酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

目的是评估不同比例小麦日粮中添加复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡的生产性能的影响.试验采用4×2因子处理:四种小麦基础日粮(小麦分别替代玉米40%、60%、80%、100%)和四种日粮分别添加酶制剂0和180g/t.将800只1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡随机分为8个处理组.每组分别饲喂上述8种日粮中的一种.结果表明:各处理组肉仔鸡在21和42日龄时体重无显著差异,但四个小麦加酶组与不加酶组相比,肉仔鸡1～3周和4～6周的料重比都显著降低(P<0.05);40%和60%小麦加酶组与不加酶组相比,死淘率无显著差异(P>0.05);且80%小麦加酶组肉仔鸡死淘率降低33.3%(P<0.05);100%小麦加酶组肉仔鸡死淘率降低37.7%(P<0.05).综合分析表明,本试验肉鸡日粮中小麦替代玉米在60%以下时,对内鸡生产性能无显著影响,当日粮中小麦替代玉米比例高达80%～100%时,生产性能显著降低;肉鸡日粮中小麦替代玉米在60%以下时添加酶制剂,对生产性能和死淘率无显著影响,当日粮中小麦替代玉米比例高达80%～100%时添加酶制剂,可显著提高肉鸡的生产性能.试验各组之间屠宰率、胴体性能均差异不显著(P>0.05).     

日粮添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡表观消化率及肠道组织形态的影响

通过在小麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶,研究了木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡回肠及总消化道养分和非淀粉多糖(NSP)表观消化率及小肠形态的影响.试验将7日龄肉仔鸡随机分为3组,即为小麦基础日粮中添加0%、0.03%和0.1%的加酶组,饲喂至21日龄.结果表明:与对照组相比,0.1%的加酶组显著提高了淀粉在回肠和总消化道中的表观消化率(P<0.05),极显著提高了可溶性非淀粉多糖(SNSP)、不溶性非淀粉多糖(INSP)在回肠的表观消化率(P<0.01),显著提高了SNSP的总消化道表观消化率(P<0.05).此外,0.1%的加酶组还极显著降低了十二指肠的肠壁厚(P<0.01),并极显著增加了肉仔鸡回肠隐窝深度和绒毛高度(P相似文献   

不同用量的小麦对肉仔鸡生产性能和粗蛋白质表观利用率的影响

试验选用300只1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡,在添加100g/t木聚糖酶的条件下,研究了日粮中分别使用50%、65%、85%和100%的小麦取代玉米对肉仔鸡的生产性能和粗蛋白质表观利用率的影响。试验结果表明:50%的小麦取代玉米,肉仔鸡对日粮的粗蛋白质表观利用率最高(P<0.05),其他各处理组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);综合平均日增重、料肉比和平均日采食量的结果,65%的小麦取代玉米,对肉仔鸡的生产性能有提高作用(P<0.05)。而其他的取代量与全玉米日粮的饲养效果相当。     

酶制剂对雏鹅小肠食糜相对黏度、pH值及消化酶活性的影响

试验1、2组在对照组日粮基础上分别添加0.2%、0.4%酶制剂;28日龄屠宰,测定小肠食糜黏度、pH值及消化酶活性.结果表明:酶制剂显著降低十二指肠、空肠食糜相对黏度,试验1、2组的回肠食糜相对黏度较对照组分别降低9.55%和11.47%,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);酶制剂对十二指肠、空肠、回肠食糜pH值无显著影响,但略有提高;酶制剂显著提高十二指肠、空肠食糜胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性,对小肠食糜脂肪酶没有显著影响.     

五种单体酶配伍对肉仔鸡生长性能及非淀粉多糖消化率的影响

研究在小麦基础日粮中添加五种单体酶制剂(木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶)对1～21日龄肉仔鸡生长性能和非淀粉多糖(NSP)消化率的影响。试验将624只1日龄肉仔鸡按均匀设计方法随机分成13组,其中第13组为对照组,各处理组日粮为上述五种单体酶制剂的不同配伍添加在基础日粮中组成。结果表明,五种单体酶制剂的不同配伍能不同程度提高肉仔鸡生长性能和NSP的消化率。其最佳的配伍水平为:木聚糖酶450 u·kg-1、β-葡聚糖酶47 u·kg-1、纤维素酶333 u·kg-1、植酸酶135u·kg-1、甘露聚糖酶153 u·kg-1。     

小麦型日粮添加益生菌与酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能及肉色的影响

将392只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为7个处理组,每个处理组设4个重复,每个重复14只鸡。即处理1组为小麦日粮对照组;处理2、3、4组分别添加0.05%、0.1%和0.2%的酶制剂;处理5、6、7组分别添加0.1%、0.5%、1%的益生菌。试验结果表明:益生菌与酶制剂均能提高肉仔鸡的生产性能,差异不显著(P>0.05)。加益生菌与酶制剂对肉仔鸡的颜色差别没有特别影响,各处理组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

苜蓿提取物对肉仔鸡内分泌和免疫指标的影响〖JY。〗〖HTK〗

添加600 mg/kg苜蓿提取物能够提高28、35日龄肉仔鸡法氏囊指数,显著提高血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸和皮质醇水平,促进35、42日龄肉仔鸡B细胞分裂增殖,显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡血清皮质醇水平和极显著提高法氏囊指数;添加400 mg/kg苜蓿提取物能够显著提高28、35日龄肉仔鸡法氏囊指数、血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸和皮质醇水平,显著提高35日龄肉仔鸡脾脏器官指数、血清球蛋白和促进B细胞分裂增殖,极显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡皮质醇水平和法氏囊指数,但效果不及600 mg/kg苜蓿提取物组;添加200 mg/kg苜蓿提取物对这些指标没有显著影响。日粮中添加600 mg/kg苜蓿提取物效果较佳。     

苜蓿提取物对肉仔鸡内分泌和免疫指标的影响

添加600mg/kg苜蓿提取物能够提高28、35日龄肉仔鸡法氏囊指数,显著提高血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸和皮质醇水平,促进35、42日龄肉仔鸡B细胞分裂增殖,显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡血清皮质醇水平和极显著提高法氏囊指数;添加400 mg/kg苜蓿提取物能够显著提高28、35日龄肉仔鸡法氏囊指数、血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸和皮质醇水平,显著提高35日龄肉仔鸡脾脏器官指数、血清球蛋白和促进B细胞分裂增殖,极显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡皮质醇水平和法氏囊指数,但效果不及600 mg/kg苜蓿提取物组;添加200 mg/kg苜蓿提取物对这些指标没有显著影响.日粮中添加600mg/kg苜蓿提取物效果较佳.     

小麦型日粮添加酶制剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

试验以40周龄"尼克红"蛋鸡为试验对象,研究了用"小麦+酶制剂"完全替代蛋鸡日粮中的玉米对蛋鸡生长性能的影响。试验结果表明:与玉米基础日粮组相比,添加0.1%的酶制剂使蛋鸡的产蛋率提高了2.02%(P<0.05),产蛋量提高了2.03%(P<0.05),软壳蛋率降低了63.64%(P<0.05),料蛋比下降了1.38%(P<0.05)。     

Wheat- and barley-based diets with or without additives influence broiler chicken performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, there is scant literature on comparative broiler response to cereal diets high in soluble non‐starch polysaccharides without or with enzyme, prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic supplementation. In the present study, the effects of a wheat‐ and barley‐based diet with or without supplemental xylanase plus β‐glucanase, inulin, Enterococcus faecium or inulin plus Enterococcus faecium, on bird performance, digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora were compared to a maize‐based diet. RESULTS: In comparison to a maize‐based diet, the wheat‐ and barley‐based diet reduced (P < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake, but did not affect to the feed‐to‐gain ratio. Apparent digestibility of crude fat and various fatty acids were decreased (P < 0.05) as well as apparent metabolisable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention content. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in the viscosity of jejunal digesta and in the caecal numbers of Escherichia coli and lactobacilli, and a decrease in the ileal numbers of E. coli and lactobacilli. Performance parameters and nutrient digestibility were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary inclusion of the additives used, with the exception that exogenous enzyme improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of crude fat and decreased the viscosity of jejunal digesta. Enzyme and Enterococcus faecium supplementation increased intestinal lactic acid bacteria, whereas inulin addition reduced the number of E. coli (P < 0.05). Addition of inulin–Enterococcus faecium decreased E. coli and increased bifidobacteria numbers in the caeca. CONCLUSION: Enzyme supplementation to a wheat‐ and barley‐based diet significantly improved the apparent digestibility of dietary fat. All four additives had a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora of broilers. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients determined with broilers and layers

The apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight feed ingredients were determined using broilers and layers. The ingredients included three cereals (wheat, sorghum and maize), one cereal by‐product (wheat middlings), three oilseed meals (canola, cottonseed and soybean meals) and one animal protein meal (meat and bone meal). Dietary protein in the assay diets was supplied solely by the test ingredient. All diets contained 20 g kg^?1 acid‐insoluble ash as an indigestible marker, and each diet was offered ad libitum in mash form to five replicate pens of 42‐day‐old broilers and 60‐week‐old layers. The digestibility coefficients of most amino acids for wheat and sorghum were similar (P > 0.05) in broilers and layers. The digestibility of most amino acids for maize was higher (P < 0.05) in broilers compared to those in layers. The digestibility of individual amino acid for wheat middlings was higher (P < 0.05) in layers than in broilers. In general, the digestibility of amino acids for cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and meat and bone meal were similar (P > 0.05) between broilers and layers. The influence of class of bird on digestibility in canola meal was variable. The digestibility of threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid and alanine were higher (P < 0.05), and those of methionine, histidine and lysine were lower (P < 0.05) in broilers compared to layers. These results suggest that the practice of using amino acid digestibility values generated with broilers for layers may not be appropriate for all feed ingredients. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

The apparent metabolisable energy and amino acid digestibility of wheat,triticale and wheat middlings for broiler chickens as affected by exogenous xylanase supplementation

The effects of a commercial xylanase preparation on the apparent metabolisable energy and ileal amino acid digestibility values of wheat (n = 2), triticale and wheat middlings for five-week-old broiler chickens were investigated. The apparent metabolisable energy and ileal amino acid digestibilities in wheat 1 (new season) and wheat 2 (old season) were improved (P < 0.05) by the supplemental enzyme. The apparent metabolisable energy values (MJ kg⁻¹) of wheat 1 and wheat 2, without or with the enzyme, were 13.71 and 14.40, and 14.28 and 15.34, respectively. The average digestibilities of the 15 amino acids in wheat 1 and wheat 2, without or with the enzyme, were 0.85 and 0.91, and 0.85 and 0.90, respectively. Exogenous xylanase was without effect (P > 0.05) on the apparent metabolisable energy values of triticale and wheat middlings. Although numerical advantages in the amino acid digestibility of triticale and wheat middlings were observed with enzyme addition, the differences were not significant (P > 0.05) except for phenylalanine, lysine and glycine in the wheat middlings. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

黑麦在鸡体内的消化性研究

分别研究了鸡对两种黑麦HH91和Pluto的消化性。实验结果表明:饲喂分别添加两种黑麦日粮实验鸡的日增重有减少的趋势,增重变化率和对照组比较分别是27.41%(15%HH91)、28.96%(30%HH91)、34.75%(45%HH91)、20.85%(15%Pluto)、28.19%(30%Pluto)和42.09%(45%Pluto)。而添加了黑麦的日粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、总能的表观消化率与正常对照组相比没有明显的差异(p>0.05),但粗脂肪和粗纤维的表观消化率有明显减少的趋势(p<0.05)。其次,在两种黑麦添加量低于30%时,除粗纤维的表观消化率之外,其余营养成分的表观消化率与正常对照组几乎没有差别(p>0.05)。     

Performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs and broilers fed diets containing micronised barley,ground barley,wheat and maize

Two swine starter/grower/finisher trials utilising 216 24‐day‐old pigs and one 40‐day broiler growth trial utilising 1920 1‐day‐old chicks were conducted to determine the influence of dietary micronised dehulled barley (MDB) as a replacement for hulled barley (HB), wheat (W) and maize (M) on live performance, carcass and meat measurements, organ weights (swine), plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) level (swine) and intestinal digesta viscosity (broilers). Dehulling and micronising the barley reduced crude protein by 20%, neutral detergent fibre by 17% and amino acids by varying amounts. Replacing M or W with MDB in swine diets had no effect (P > 0.05) on any measured parameter, with the exception of decreased PUN (P = 0.03) when MDB replaced 100% of W. Broilers fed W, M or HB generally had similar live performance, carcass traits and digesta viscosity, with the exception of reduced (P < 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake for HB during the first 20 days of the trial. However, broilers fed MDB had slightly reduced (P = 0.05) live performance during each phase of the trial and greatly increased (P = 0.01) digesta viscosity. Addition of a commercial enzyme product to the diets reversed the reduced performance and increased the digesta viscosity of the MDB diet, but generally had no influence in the W, M and HB diets. These results suggest that MDB can be utilised in swine diets without affecting performance, but that reduced performance may result from its use in broiler diets. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

小麦替代部分玉米对藏羊生长性能、表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究小麦替代精料中部分玉米对藏羊生长性能、表观消化率、血清生化指标和脏器发育的影响。选取60只初始体重相近,健康无病的2~3月龄藏羊,随机分成2组,每组30只,每组5个重复。对照组饲喂玉米型基础日粮,试验组饲喂10%小麦替代精料中部分玉米。试验期100 d,其中预饲期10 d,正试期90 d。结果表明：1）试验组的终末体重、平均日增重、体长和体躯指数显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。2）试验组中粗蛋白、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和粗灰分的表观消化率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。3）试验组中谷草转氨酶显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。4）瘤胃重量和皱胃重量试验组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：在藏羊日粮中添加10%小麦粉替代精料中部分玉米能有效提高藏羊的表观消化率,从而使藏羊对其日粮的利用率增加提高其生长性能和脏器重量,同时还能降低血清中谷草转氨酶含量从而改善肝脏功能,以维持藏羊正常的消化代谢,本研究结果可为小麦替代玉米为绵羊饲料的推广提供理论依据。     

Mucilage in linseed: effects on the intestinal viscosity and nutrient digestion in broiler chicks

A study was conducted to obtain more information on the role of mucilage in the adverse effects produced by the use of linseed in chick diets. Mucilaginous material was extracted from linseed with hot distilled water (80 °C) for 2 h; after filtration the water‐soluble extract was freeze‐dried and ground. A maize/soyabean meal basal diet with supplemental linseed mucilage extract (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 g kg^?1) was given to chicks from 8 to 28 days of age. During the last 3 days the excreta were collected quantitatively, then the chicks were slaughtered and the jejunal and ileal contents were collected. Feeding the mucilage extract‐containing diets to birds increased markedly, from 4.35 to 18.89 mPa s, the digesta viscosity at jejunal level. The apparent faecal digestibility of crude fat and major fatty acids and the dietary AMEn value (metabolisable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention by the body) were linear and negatively influenced by the inclusion level of mucilage extract. However, the presence of mucilage in the diet did not affect the apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and individual amino acids. These results seem to suggest that mucilage in linseed has lower antinutritional properties than those reported for whole linseed or linseed meal when included in chick diets. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Fibrolytic potential of anaerobic fungi (Piromyces sp.) isolated from wild cattle and blue bulls in pure culture and effect of their addition on in vitro fermentation of wheat straw and methane emission by rumen fluid of buffaloes

BACKGROUND: Ten isolates of anaerobic fungi of Piromyces genus from wild cattle and blue bulls (five isolates from each host species) were evaluated for their fibrolytic ability in pure culture, their suitability for use as a microbial additive in buffaloes and their effect on methane emission. RESULTS: In pure culture, only two out of five isolates from wild cattle degraded wheat straw efficiently, whereas all five isolates from wild blue bulls did. Isolate CF1 (from cattle) showed the highest apparent digestibility (53.4%), true digestibility (70.8%) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (75.0%) of wheat straw after 5 days of incubation. When added to buffalo rumen fluid, all five isolates from cattle increased (P < 0.05) in vitro apparent digestibility of wheat straw compared with the control (received autoclaved culture), but all five isolates from blue bulls failed to influence in vitro digestibility of wheat straw. Isolate CF1 showed the highest stimulating effect on straw digestion by buffalo rumen fluid microbes and increased apparent digestibility (51.9 vs 29.4%, P < 0.05), true digestibility (57.9 vs 36.5%, P < 0.05) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (51.5 vs 26.9%, P < 0.05) of wheat straw compared with the control after 24 h of fermentation. There were also significant increases in fungal count and enzyme activities of carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase in the CF1‐added group compared with the control group. Gas and methane production g^?1 truly digested dry matter of straw were comparable among all groups including the control. CONCLUSION: Wild cattle and blue bulls harbour some anaerobic fungal strains with strong capability to hydrolyse fibre. The fungal isolate CF1 has high potential for use as a microbial feed additive in buffaloes to improve digestibility of fibrous feeds without increasing methane emission per unit of digested feed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of dehulling on the apparent metabolisable energy and ileal amino acid digestibility of grain legumes for broilers

BACKGROUND: Removal of hulls may be an effective means of reducing the level of some antinutritional factors and improving the feeding value of grain legumes. Published data on the effects of dehulling on the energy utilisation and amino acid digestibility of grain legumes are limited. This study was designed to investigate the influence of dehulling on the nitrogen‐corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of faba beans, Australian sweet lupins and peas for broilers. RESULTS: The non‐starch polysaccharide contents of all three legume species were decreased by the removal of hulls. Dehulling increased (P < 0.05) the content and ileal digestibility of starch in faba beans but had no effect (P > 0.05) on those in peas. Dehulling increased (P < 0.05) the AMEn of faba beans and lupins but had no effect (P > 0.05) on that of peas. Removal of hulls increased the amino acid concentrations in all three legume species, but the apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of most amino acids were unaffected (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dehulling of grain legumes is nutritionally beneficial in view of the improved amino acid concentrations and metabolisable energy values. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

饲用甜菜块根组分研究

随着畜牧业的发展,饲料作物的研究越来越引起人们的重视.饲用甜菜作为一种新型饲料作物逐渐为人们所认同.由于饲用甜菜块根组分高低对其饲用价值影响较大,本研究对块根中含糖率、粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分分别利用国标法进行测定,结果表明:两份饲用甜菜与糖用甜菜双丰319相比,块根含糖率较低,但粗纤维、粗蛋白和灰分含量均比糖用甜菜高,粗脂肪含量稍低,其差异达到0.01极显著水平;饲用甜菜KSL的含糖率比GSL -1高1.2°S,但粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量均比GSL -1低,经方差分析表明,两份饲用甜菜的含糖率和粗脂肪之间的差异达0.05显著水平,而粗纤维、粗蛋白和灰分的差异达0.01极显著水平.因此,从甜菜块根组分来看,GSL -1的含量指标恰好利于饲用甜菜的饲用价值,可将其作为亲本进一步进行选育改造.