细菌纤维素发酵条件的优化及结构分析

以木葡糖酸醋杆菌Gyll为目标菌株,采用单因素法对液体发酵生产细菌纤维素的发酵条件(氮源、碳源、初始pH值、种龄、接种量和静态发酵周期)进行了优化,并对其代谢生产的细菌纤维素的微观结构进行了观察。结果表明,最优发酵条件为蔗糖5%,玉米浆干粉5%;初始培养基pH 6.2,发酵液中接种量10%;采用动静三步结合发酵时,一级种子的种龄24h,二级种子扩大化培养时种龄为20h,静态培养周期为8d。菌株最高产量为11.49g/L,约是优化前的5倍。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射对细菌纤维素的表征,确定制得的细菌纤维素属于Ⅰ型纤维素,具有典型的网状结构,纤维束尺寸为纳米级且结晶度很高。     

振荡条件对发酵生产颗粒状细菌纤维素的影响

为打破静置发酵生产膜状细菌纤维素的传统模式,并开发出新型细菌纤维素,采用摇床振荡培养的方法,发酵生产外观均匀且为颗粒状的细菌纤维素.利用单因素试验,以粒径为0.5cm～0.8cm的细菌纤维素颗粒产量及其占总纤维素比率为考察指标,研究转速、装液量、温度、接种量、种龄及培养时间对形成细菌纤维素颗粒的影响,探索最佳振荡条件.结果表明,转速及装液量对颗粒的形成及粒径影响较大,温度、接种量、发酵时间、种龄主要影响细菌纤维素颗粒产量;最优培养条件为140r/min,30℃、60mL装液量,种龄48h,3％接种量发酵5d,此条件下产物中粒径为0.5cm～0.8cm的颗粒纤维素占有率高,其产量达28.5g/100mL.     

乳清液制备细菌纤维素条件的优化

以乳清液为原料,木醋杆菌为发酵菌种制备细菌纤维素。研究了葡萄糖添加量、发酵时间、发酵温度、接种量以及初始pH对细菌纤维素产量及葡萄糖利用率的影响。结果表明制备细菌纤维素的最佳条件:葡萄糖添加量为8%、发酵时间7 d、发酵温度30℃、接种量6%、初始pH5.0,在此条件下,细菌纤维素的产量为1.40 g/100mL,葡萄糖利用率为97.5%。应用此方法不仅可以获得高产量的纤维素,而且充分利用了原料,为工业化生产细菌纤维素提供了新的方法。     

木醋杆菌M096生产细菌纤维素的发酵条件

探讨温度、初始pH值、碳源和氮源对细菌纤维素产量的影响,以确定生产菌株发酵生产细菌纤维素的条件.结果显示,木醋杆菌M096发酵生产细菌纤维素的培养条件是:发酵温度25℃,初始pH值最适范围是5.8～6.6,最佳碳源为蔗糖且最适浓度是8%,最佳氮源为牛肉膏且最适浓度是1.5%.     

利用谷氨酸提取液生产细菌纤维素的研究

探讨了利用谷氨酸提取液生产细菌纤维素的方法，研究了接种量、糖化液的添加量、温度、pH值、发酵培养基的厚度、发酵时间等对生产细菌纤维素的影响，确定了谷氨酸提取液生产细菌纤维素的最适工艺条件为：糖化液20％，接种量3％-4％，温度28—32℃，发酵起始pH3．6—3．8，静置发酵时。发酵培养基深度1．2～2．0cm，发酵时间6～7d。     

豆腐黄浆水制备细菌纤维素条件初探

以豆腐黄浆水为原料,木醋杆菌为发酵菌种,研究葡萄糖添加量、发酵时间、发酵温度、接种量以及初始p H对细菌纤维素产量及总糖利用率的影响。结果表明,生产细菌纤维素的适宜条件为:葡萄糖添加量为8%、发酵时间7d、发酵温度30℃、接种量6%、初始p H5.0,在此条件下,细菌纤维素的产量为1.21g/100m L;木醋杆菌对总糖的利用率达94.38%。     

木薯水解液为原料静置发酵制备细菌纤维素的研究

以木薯水解液作为发酵培养基基质,通过木葡萄糖酸醋杆菌(Komagataeibacter xylinus)发酵制备细菌纤维素(BC),利用单因素实验研究了温度、装液量、初始pH、木薯水解液添加量、接种量等对细菌纤维素产量的影响,并对发酵过程中的细菌纤维素产量、还原糖消耗量、pH、细菌纤维素含水率与复水率等指标进行了检测,采用元素分析、红外光谱分析、热重分析、扫描电镜、X射线晶体衍射(XRD)等对发酵得到的细菌纤维素进行表征。结果表明,木薯水解液发酵生产细菌纤维素的最优条件为:温度30℃、装液量75 mL、初始pH6.0、木薯水解液添加量3%、接种量6%;在细菌纤维素发酵过程中,pH从5.51下降到2.66,还原糖含量从32.1 g/L降到10.2 g/L,发酵9 d可得到5.75 g/L的细菌纤维素;所得细菌纤维素的含水率为96%~98%,复水率为50%~58%;元素分析结果表明细菌纤维素主要由C、H、O三种元素构成,符合纤维素中各元素含量;红外光谱揭示了细菌纤维素的特征吸收峰;热重分析表明细菌纤维素在290℃处具有最大失重,失重率达32.33%;扫描电镜观察到细菌纤维素的直径在100~500 nm之间;XRD分析得到细菌纤维素的结晶度为93.4%。因此木薯水解液是可以替代葡萄糖作为发酵生产细菌纤维素的碳源。     

利用甘蔗糖蜜生产维生素B12发酵条件

以甘蔗糖蜜为碳源发酵生产维生素B12,通过单因素试验确定的培养条件为接种量20％,种龄48h,装液量75／300ml三角瓶,培养基初始pH值6．8,30％静止发酵,周期为96h,维生素B12的产量为2．86mg／g。     

利用大豆糖蜜制备细菌纤维素

选用大豆糖蜜为发酵基质,利用木醋杆菌发酵制备细菌纤维素。研究糖蜜浓度、酵母浸粉添加量、发酵时间、发酵温度、接种量以及初始pH对细菌纤维素合成量、持水性和复水率的影响,结果表明:大豆糖蜜营养丰富,在大豆糖蜜浓度为15%时,在其中添加1.5%酵母浸粉、接种量为6%、初始pH4.5、30℃恒温静止发酵6 d后细菌纤维素合成量为1.17 g/100 m L,持水性为98.16%,复水率为292%,并利用傅里叶红外分析表明产物为细菌纤维素。     

苯丙氨酸解氨酶重组大肠杆菌产酶条件研究

为了提高重组苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活力,研究培养基初始pH值、种龄、接种量、装液量和发酵时间对重组PAL活力的影响,并用响应面分析法优化了培养条件。单因素最适培养条件为：发酵培养基初始pH7.0、种龄10h、接种量10%、装液量50ml、发酵时间24h。响应面优化后的结果表明,种龄、接种量和发酵时间对重组PAL活力影响较大,但三者之间没有显著的交互作用。优化后的产酶条件是：种龄13.3h、接种量10.7%、发酵时间25.5h、在此条件下,PAL活力比不优化的培养条件的酶活增加了15%左右,重组PAL酶活达到14.95 U/ml。     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.     

National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the "13~(th) Five-Year Plan"

In Apri Commi major p Plan＂ （h 2014, the National Development and Reform ssion issued an announcement for selection of reliminary research projects for the ＂13th Five-Year ereafter referred to as ＂The Announcement＂）     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the latest scientific     

Contamination of animal feed and food from animal origin with mineral oil hydrocarbons

Oils and fats used for the production of animal feed can become contaminated with mineral oil material originating from gas oils (C₁₈-C₃₅) or synthetic oils (poly alpha olefins, C₂₅ to beyond C₄₅). An important cause is assumed to be the discharge of waste oils, such as motor oil and hydraulic oils. Mineral oil material was analysed by on-line LC-GC-FID directly in the fat or in a raw extract from animal feed or foodstuffs. In Switzerland in summer/autumn 1999 concentrations in oils and fats for feed production were often found to be between 100 and 1000mg/kg. In the feeds, the average concentration was around 100mg/kg with values ranging up to a maximum of 1000mg/kg; few samples were free of contamination. In animal body fat, the average concentration determined in summer 1999 was 25mg/kg, with a maximum of 150mg/kg, although in samples from December 1999, contamination was substantially lower. In the fat phase of eggs, the average concentration was 30mg/kg, with a maximum of 80mg/kg. Paraffin oil is used for feed production, which may account for part of the contamination problem (e.g. eggs).