麦芽糊精低能量方便面酱包的研制

以麦芽糊精作为食用油脂的替代品,采用炒酱方法,在单因素试验基础上,进行正交试验,以感官评分为标准,对低能量方便面酱包的配方进行研制。结果表明:棕榈油加入量为12g,猪肉香精加入量为0.4g,淀粉加入量为1.5g,麦芽糊精加入量为3g时制得的酱包品质最佳。     

方便面香菇酱包的研制

以腌制香菇为原料,采用炒酱方法,在单因素试验基础上进行正交试验,以感官评分为标准,对方便面香菇酱包的配方进行研制。结果表明:玉米淀粉加入量为2.5g,肉末加入量为2g,香菇加入量为10g,猪油与豆油比例为1∶1时制得的香菇酱包品质最佳。     

鲜葛根海带复合饮料的研究

以鲜葛根汁和用柠檬皮脱腥处理的海带浸提液为原料,研制出鲜葛根海带复合饮料。经过单因素试验和正交试验得出:在0.3%柠檬酸添加量的基础上,复合饮料的最佳配比为:每100g复合饮料中含海带浸提液12g、葛根汁18g、蔗糖5.5g。     

苦荞海带无糖复合饮料的研究

以苦荞浸提液、脱腥海带浸提液和木糖醇为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验的方法研制苦荞海带无糖复合饮料。在柠檬酸添加量为0.3%的基础上,确定复合饮料的最佳配比为:每100ml复合饮料中,苦荞浸提液为14ml,海带浸提液为6ml,木糖醇为6g。     

响应面优化果胶酶浸提海带甘露醇条件的研究

为了提高海带甘露醇的浸提率,以海带为原料,用果胶酶酶解浸提甘露醇。在单因素试验的基础上,选用响应面法进行优化分析,最后确定果胶酶酶解浸提海带甘露醇的最佳工艺条件为:果胶酶添加量0.26 m L/L、料液比1∶39 g/m L、浸提时间59 min、浸提温度52℃。在此条件下,海带甘露醇达到最高获得率,为6.19%,与预测值的相对误差为1.98%。试验验证了响应面法对于寻找最佳浸提条件的可行性。     

苦瓜海带复合无糖饮料的研究

以苦瓜汁、海带浸提液、木糖醇为原料研制复合无糖饮料。通过单因素试验和正交试验,得到该饮料的最佳配比为：每100ml复合饮料中含苦瓜汁18ml、海带浸提液28ml、木糖醇5g。     

响应面法优化海带酱的米曲霉和黑曲霉发酵工艺

为研究海带酱的最佳发酵工艺,在考察湿海带与湿黄豆比例、米曲霉与黑曲霉比例、盐浓度和盐水添加量等单因素对海带酱氨基态氮影响的基础上,采用响应面法对海带酱的米曲霉和黑曲霉发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明,海带酱的最佳发酵条件为:湿海带与湿黄豆比例为3:1,米曲霉与黑曲霉比例为2:1,盐浓度为14.5%,盐水添加量为77%,该条件下海带酱中氨基态氮值达到最高,为0.76%±0.04%,与理论预测值基本一致。这表明使用最佳发酵条件制作海带酱,可提高氨基态氮含量,增强海带酱的鲜味。同时,该海带酱营养成分为:能量171.33±1.15 kJ/100 g,蛋白质3.22±0.04 g/100 g,脂肪1.92±0.03 g/100 g,碳水化合物5.68±0.06 g/100 g,钠2633.00±1.00 mg/100 g;其中,氨基态氮含量符合GB/T 24399-2009《黄豆酱》标准。本研究可为发酵酱制品的进一步开发与利用提供一定的技术指导。     

超声波辅助酸液浸提海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯工艺优化

以海带加工下脚料为原材料,通过单因素试验和正交试验,重点考察了对岩藻聚糖硫酸酯提取率的影响较大的几个因素。试验表明,海带原料中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯浸提最佳工艺参数为:在超声波功率150 W下浸提2次,pH1.00、液料比值30 mL/g、浸提温度70℃、浸提时间75 min。在此条件下,浸提得到的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的平均提取率为35.06%。     

蜜柚复合果汁生产工艺技术研究

以蜜柚和海带为原料,研究了蜜柚海带复合果汁的加工工艺,并通过对比试验和正交试验确定了关键工序的最佳工艺参数。在海带浸提液中加入0.06%的冰醋酸可明显提高海带的浸提率;蜜柚汁提取时,用0.4%的果胶酶制剂在(45±2)℃下酶解处理果浆90min,可使果实的出汁率提高24%左右。通过添加稳定剂和二次高压均质(30~35Mpa.),解决了复合果汁产品的沉淀问题。     

琯溪蜜柚海带复合果汁加工工艺的研究

以琯溪蜜柚和海带为原料,研究了琯溪蜜柚海带复合果汁的加工工艺,并通过对比试验和正交试验确定了关键工序的最佳工艺参数。在海带浸提液中加入0.06%的冰醋酸可明显提高海带的浸提率;琯溪蜜柚汁提取时,用0.4%的果胶酶制剂在(45±2)℃下酶解处理果浆90min,可使果实的出汁率提高24%左右。通过添加稳定剂和二次高压均质(30~35MPa),解决了复合果汁产品的沉淀问题。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status