二氧化硫脲、保险粉、亚硫酸氢钠的拔色性能

通过用二氧化硫脲、保险粉和亚硫酸氧钠、对劳瓦森染料和一系列国产染料的溶液和染色的毛皮进行拔色实验,研究了这几种材料的拔色性能。     

棉织物色拔印花工艺

在深地色棉织物上用阴丹士林染料进行色拔印花,以获得直接印花法不能达到的印花效果。     

毛纱割圈短毛绒拔色产品开发

采用新型腈纶纤维(T590)——一种超扁平的"风格纶纤维(FUNCLE)"为原料开发毛纱割圈短毛绒拔色印花织物,介绍了其生产过程,包括染纱、编织、底布上浆、刷毛、拔色、烫光、剪毛整理、印花和柔软整理各个生产工序的工艺和注意事项。实践显示,采用阳离子耐拔染料为绞纱染色,并采用织物编尾喂入刷毛技术,合理选择拔色及印花浆料和试剂,恰当控制烫光、剪毛整理等过程,可获得附加值高且手感风格新颖的毛纱割圈短毛绒拔色印花产品。     

活性染料的半拔和防印印花

本文用钠盐雕白块作还原剂,对44只活性染料进行了半拔和防印试验。试验品种有国产染料:K型染料20只,M型染料10只,KN型2只;进口染料:普施安SP型3只,雷玛索3只,德里玛纶6只。试验结果:找出了适用于半拔和防印的染料品种及其适用的浓度范围,提供了一套比较齐全的色谱。     

灯芯绒活性地色全拔工艺

选择合适的染料在棉织物上染色固色后，用还原剂破坏地色，该工艺与防拔式工艺比较，可在间歇式设备上生产，且易于控制。     

DBN-15针织拔印浆

深圳市圳邦工艺品有限公司推出的DBN-15针织拔印浆为高分子盐类合成化合物,经使用实践证明,品质稳定,可拔活性染料色布、酸性染料色布、直接染料色布、冰染染料色布、阳离子染料色布,拔染效果好。     

基于人造光源的毛皮光照辐射拔色试验

采用高压汞灯、普通白炽灯、红外线灯、紫外线灯等光源,对染色毛皮进行了光照辐射拔色试验。对比分析了不同光源的拔色效果,考察了拔色温度、拔色时间与染色毛皮拔白度之间的关系。试验结果表明:1)人造光源完全可以将染色毛皮拔白,但对光源类型和电参数有一定的选择性;2)相对太阳光照和蒸汽拔色,人造光源光照辐射拔色可显著缩短毛皮拔色的时间,拔色过程简单,容易控制,拔色生产效率高。3)瞬间较强的热辐射是影响拔色速率和拔白度的主要因素,高压汞灯是较为理想的拔色光源。     

无甲醛拔白剂ZS-CH涂料色拔工艺技术探讨

采用无甲醛拔白剂ZS-CH进行涂料色拔试验,研究了不同增稠剂、粘合剂及其复配体系对涂料色拔效果的影响,结果表明:自主研制的复合涂料印花浆ZSL-8050性能稳定,适应性好,印后织物(真丝)抗弯长度≤2.8 cm,手感柔软;与无甲醛拔白剂ZS-CH共同应用于涂料拔染印花时,耐摩擦色牢度≥3级,耐水及耐皂洗色牢度均≥4级,耐拔性≥4级,对大部分耐拔涂料具有较好的适应性。     

拔染剂ST-2

合成了拔染剂ST-2,用其对氯化亚锡改性后制成加工锡ZSD,应用于涤纶雕印工艺中。从糊料选择、染料筛选、地色染料染色工艺、雕印试验工艺几个方面,研究了加工锡ZSD的雕印性能。结果表明,从拔白度、鲜艳度、精细度和花型轮廓清晰度来看,加工锡ZSD的雕白水平都较高。     

防染剂和拔染剂的最近发展趋向

一、用于合成纤维的防染剂和拔染剂 主要用于聚酯纤维,最广泛应用的是采用氯化亚锡还原法。由于应用氯化亚锡有很多缺点,故采用加工锡的方法,如日本林化学公司生产的Uniston系列产品。 Uniston系列产品有很多品种,使用者可按加工方法和机器而选用合适的产品。 例如: 对高压染色的聚酯织物上的可拔染的染料采用高压汽蒸法（130℃,20～30分钟）时,拔染剂采用Uniston YK（加工锡）10～30％。 对高压染色的聚酯织物上的可拔染的染料采用高温汽蒸法（170～175℃,7～10分钟）时,拔染剂采用Uniston AM300（加工锡）10～30％。 对聚酯纤维的碱剂拔染印花,采用Uniston AD-15（碱剂）10～15％。 对聚丙烯腈纤维的拔染印花采用间歇式汽蒸箱时,拔染剂采用Uniston CR-Z 10～30％。 对聚丙烯腈纤维的拔染印花采用连续式汽蒸箱时,拔染剂采用Uniston CR-309 10～30％。 二、用于天然纤维的防染剂和拔染剂 由于棉织物印花时应用的染料种各异,因此用于不同组合的染料有很多防印和拔印方法,见表1、2。 其中,以活性防活性、活性染料为地色的还原染料色拔和涂料色拔为主。活性防活性的原理是使用不同活性基团的活性染料。地色染料采用加成型活性染料（如Remazol）。防印着色染料采用取优型活性染料（如Procion     

Remediation of methyl iodide in aqueous solution and soils amended with thiourea

Methyl iodide (MeI) is considered a very promising fumigant alternative to methyl bromide (MeBr) for controlling soil-borne pests. Because atmospheric emission of highly volatile fumigants contributes to air pollution, feasible strategies to reduce emissions are urgently needed. In this study, thiourea (a nitrification inhibitor) was shown to accelerate the degradation of MeI in soil and water. In aqueous solution, the reaction between MeI and thiourea was independent of pH, although the rate of MeI hydrolysis increased in alkaline solution. Substantial increases in the rate of MeI dissipation were observed in thiourea-amended soils. Transformation of MeI by thiourea in aqueous solution was by a single chemical reaction process, while MeI degradation in thiourea-amended soil apparently involved a catalytic mechanism. The electron delocalization between the thiourea molecule and the surfaces of soil particles is energetically favorable and would increase the nucleophilic reactivity of the thiono group toward MeI, resulting in an enhancement of the dissipation rate. The soil half-life for MeI was reduced from >300 h for unamended soils to only a few hours in soil or sand amended with thiourea at a 2:1 molar ratio (thiourea:MeI). The MeI transformation rate in thiourea-amended soil increased with increasing soil temperature and decreasing soil moisture. Therefore, spraying thiourea on the soil surface to form a "reactive surface barrier" may be an effective and innovative strategy for controlling fumigant emissions to the atmosphere and for improving environmental protection.     

二氧化硫脲水溶液漂白废纸脱墨浆

介绍用直接制备成的二氧化硫脲水溶液漂白废纸脱墨浆的实验情况。探讨二氧化硫脲水溶液用量、NaOH和二氧化硫脲水溶液用量比、浆浓、漂白温度和时间对漂后纸浆白度的影响,并比较二氧化硫脲水溶液、H_2O_2单段漂白、Na_2S_2O_4单段漂白效果。实验结果表明,二氧化硫脲水溶液是一种有效的废纸浆漂白剂和脱色剂。     

Solubility of proteins from non-gluten cereals: A comparative study on combinations of solubilising agents

Development of high quality gluten-free (GF) cereal products relies on understanding the properties of the GF flour components, in particular proteins. Extraction of proteins from GF cereals is a challenging task for the cereal technologist. In this work, we present a rapid and efficient method for the extraction of total proteins from GF-flours. Proteins from the GF-flours brown rice, maize and teff were extracted using four buffer systems, all containing urea and DTT, but differing for the presence/absence of SDS and/or thiourea. Extracted proteins were characterised by SDS–PAGE, capillary gel electrophoresis, and by SE-HPLC. Addition of thiourea or SDS increased both the amount of protein and the number of individual proteins in most extracts. As a consequence of the peculiar properties of proteins in each cereal species, a specific buffer was found to ensure the most effective extraction of proteins from a given flour.     

二氧化硫脲废水的特性和利用

新鲜二氧化硫脲废水中主要含有二氧化硫脲、H2O2和三氧化硫脲等污染物质:废水中的二氧化硫脲与H2O2可以转化成三氧化硫脲;废水中H2O2与另外加入的适量硫脲反应得到二氧化硫脲粗品,有很高的收率,所得粗品在预置水中溶解而被全部利用;减压蒸发可以回收三氧化硫脲,回收量21kg/m3.     

二氧化硫脲在OCC浆料轻度漂白中的应用研究

使用二氧化硫脲对旧瓦楞纸箱（OCC）浆料进行了轻度漂白;探讨了二氧化硫脲的用量、EDTA的用量、温度、浆料浓度及反应时间对漂白效果的影响。生产实践表明,二氧化硫脲对提高OCC浆料亮度具有较好的效果,是一种有效且极具竞争力的漂白剂。     

二氧化硫脲生产中的一个重要副反应

优化二氧化硫脲生产工艺。过氧化氢氧化硫脲生产二氧化硫脲过程中，存在部分二氧化硫脲被氧化成三氧化硫脲的副反应。通过研究这个副反应的动力学，及用红外光谱、紫外光谱、差热分析、元素分析鉴定副反应产物，提出优化生产工艺的措施。     

二氧化硫脲水溶液漂白废纸脱墨浆

介绍了用直接制备成的二氧化硫脲（TD）水溶液漂白废纸脱墨浆的实验情况。漂白废报纸脱墨浆的最佳工艺条件为：TD水溶液用量为1．0％，NaOH的用量为0．5％，纸浆浓度为7．5％，漂白温度为70℃，漂白时间为60min，白度增值5．43％ISO。并进行了TD水溶液、H2O2单段漂白、Na2S2O4单段漂白效果的比较，结果表明，TD水溶液是一种有效的废纸浆漂白剂和脱色剂。     

Transformation of herbicide propachlor by an agrochemical thiourea

Propachlor and other chloroacetanilide herbicides are frequently detected contaminants of groundwater and surface water in agricultural regions. The purpose of this work was to develop a new approach to remove propachlor residues from the environment via chemical remediation by the nitrification inhibitor thiourea. The transformation processes of propachlor and thiourea mixed in aqueous solution, sand, and soil were elucidated. Analysis of transformation products and reaction kinetics indicated that an S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution reaction occurred, in which the chlorine of propachlor was replaced by thiourea, detoxifying the herbicide. It appears that propachlor undergoes a catalytic reaction in sand or soil amended with thiourea, which results in a significantly accelerated transformation rate as compared to the reaction in aqueous solution. The second-order reaction process was examined at different temperatures to investigate the role of the activation energy. The enthalpy of activation (deltaH) for the reaction of propachlor with thiourea was demonstrated to be significantly lower in sand than in aqueous solution, which provides evidence that a catalytic transformation mechanism occurs in thiourea-amended sand. The chemical reaction rate increased proportionally to the amount of thiourea added to the sand. Column experiments further suggested that the remediation strategy could be used to remove propachlor residues from sand or soil to reduce leaching and prevent contamination of surface water and groundwater.     

鲜湿面条的煮面时间及其与面粉糊化特性的关系

通过对不同类型小麦品种鲜湿面条的煮面时间及其与面粉品质的关系研究,结果表明:随着煮面时间的延长,面条评分呈先上升后下降的趋势,不同类型小麦品种的面条评分分别在不同煮制时间达到最大值;同时,随着煮制时间的延长,糯小麦面粉开始糊化温度逐渐下降,而黑小麦76、豫麦34、豫麦49、豫麦50呈先上升后下降的趋势,且均在一定时间后保持平缓的趋势。最佳煮面时间和面粉品质的相关分析表明,最佳煮面时间和直链淀粉含量、最终粘度、反弹值、糊化温度呈显著正相关,和稀懈值呈显著负相关;糊化特性能较好的预测最佳煮面时间。同时,评委感官评价测得的最佳煮面时间和糊化温度测定法有极显著相关性。