香蕉酸牛乳发酵工艺的研究

将香蕉泥与牛奶调配接种乳酸菌发酵制成凝固型香蕉酸牛乳。研究不同工艺、不同稳定剂及配方的优化对香蕉酸牛乳成品品质的影响,确定香蕉酸牛乳的最佳发酵工艺。结果表明:质量分数为10%的奶粉与质量分数为7%的蔗糖混合,加入质量分数为10%的香蕉果泥、0.05%的KMC与0.05%的明胶混合稳定剂,加热杀菌、冷却后接入质量分数为3%的菌种,在42℃下发酵3h,4～5℃下冷藏12～20h,所得产品凝乳结实、口感细腻、酸甜适口、香蕉味和酸乳味协调、风味独特。     

带皮香蕉酿制香蕉果酒的研究

对带皮香芽蕉酿造果酒的工艺进行初步探讨,结果表明：成熟度5级的香蕉单宁含量较低、总糖含量较高,从收得率和果酒风味的角度考虑适合酿造果酒;全果香蕉果浆酶解试验表明酶解时间2.5 h、酶解温度50℃、果胶酶X和纤维素酶用量分别为110 mg/L和600 mg/L时香蕉汁收得率最高,可达68.23%,较同条件下果肉酶解的香蕉汁收得率高2.62%;全果香蕉发酵试验表明酵母接种量0.023%,初始糖度21 g/100 mL,发酵温度23℃时所酿果酒的风味最佳,感官品评得分高达85.6分。     

山楂红枣酸乳的研制及其抗氧化性

以新鲜山楂、红枣汁和脱脂乳粉为原料制作酸乳。以产品的感官质量变化为指标,采用正交实验法与模糊综合评判法确定了山楂红枣酸乳的最佳配方和工艺条件为:100 mL脱脂乳添加山楂浆9 mL、红枣汁12 mL、白砂糖5 g;接种发酵剂4 mL,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间8 h。该条件下生产的山楂红枣酸乳酸甜适口,质地细腻,黄酮含量达(4.62±0.533)mg/m L。对DPPH自由基的清除率随酸乳浓度的增加而增强,25 mg/mL时达78.35%,高于市售某品牌红枣酸乳。     

松针富硒抗氧化酸乳的加工工艺研究

以松针提取液、富硒酵母、全脂乳粉为原料,研制出既富硒又具有抗氧化能力的功能性酸乳。通过单因素试验法、正交试验法、感官评定,确定松针富硒抗氧化酸乳的最佳工艺和配方。松针富硒抗氧化酸乳的最佳配方:以松针提取液为溶剂,全脂乳粉质量分数14%,白砂糖质量分数15%,富硒酵母质量分数0.075%,稳定剂明胶质量分数0.1%。松针富硒抗氧化酸乳最优发酵工艺:发酵剂添加质量分数0.14%,发酵时间9 h,发酵温度45℃。松针富硒抗氧化酸乳的硒含量为0.31 mg/kg,总抗氧化能力为22.57 U/m L。此工艺条件下制得的松针富硒抗氧化酸乳酸甜可口,口感细腻,具有松针清新香味,且符合富硒产品的要求。     

香蕉酸牛乳发酵工艺

将香蕉泥与牛奶调配接种乳酸菌发酵制成香蕉酸牛乳,研究不同工艺、不同稳定剂及配方的优化对香蕉酸牛乳成品品质的影响。确定香蕉牛乳的最佳发酵工艺：发酵剂4%、全脂乳4%、蔗糖6%、香蕉经微波处理30s、果肉10%、加入0.5% 柠檬酸和VC(2:1)、0.1% 明胶和0.1%CMC,在95℃水浴条件下杀菌5min,43℃温度条件下发酵5h,此条件下所得香蕉酸牛乳营养风味独特,感官评价最优。     

葛根酸乳加工工艺优化

以湘西葛根、脱脂乳粉为主要原料,添加果葡糖浆、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠加工成葛根酸乳,并对加工过程中的关键工艺进行研究。结果表明：用质量分数0.1% 柠檬酸＋ 0.1% VC 复合护色剂,葛根汁色泽呈乳白色,质量良好;产品最佳配方：脱脂乳粉与水按1:8(m/V)的比例制得复原乳,葛根汁:复原乳体积比为2:5,以复原乳质量为基准,添加质量分数10% 果葡糖浆、质量分数0.05% 黄原胶、质量分数0.1% 羧甲基纤维素钠,灭菌温度95℃,保温10min,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1:1)接入量3%(V/V),于发酵温度43℃条件下发酵5h。在该最优工艺条件下制得的葛根酸乳产品酸甜适口,营养丰富,风味浓郁。     

香蕉橙混合果汁酸乳饮料的研制

研究了以香蕉和橙为原料制备酸乳饮料的工艺条件.试验表明:柠檬酸和Vc以2:l的质量比对香蕉进行护色,效果最佳.制备该饮料的最优工艺条件为:混合果汁的香蕉汁和橙汁的质量比为2/3,混合果汁添加量30%,奶粉添加量12%,蔗糖添加量6%,接种量8%,发酵时间4h,发酵温度42℃,得到一种营养丰富、酸甜适口,具有浓郁的香蕉、橙的香味,稳定性较好的混合汁酸乳饮料.成品在O～4℃下保质期为7d.     

富硒绿豆酸乳的研制

以富硒绿豆和全脂乳粉为主要原料制备富硒绿豆酸乳,研究富硒绿豆与水的比例、富硒绿豆浆与乳粉的比例、接种量、发酵时间等条件,对富硒绿豆酸乳品质的影响.结果表明,按1 kg富硒绿豆加7 kg水的比例混合,经打浆、过胶体磨制得富硒绿豆匀浆,富硒绿豆匀浆经高温淀粉酶酶解、过滤后,再按照10%的比例加入全脂乳粉,调配成的绿豆乳按300mg/L的接种量接入菌种,然后在42℃下发酵6h,4℃后熟24 h,制得的富硒绿豆酸乳品质最好.检测结果表明,产品的粗蛋白、脂肪及非脂乳固体含量分别为2.53%、2.01%及7.17%,硒含量为172μg/ks.     

滨海白首乌酸乳的制备及其抗氧化能力

该文以滨海白首乌粉和全脂乳粉为主要原料，通过单因素试验研究白首乌粉添加量、发酵剂接种量、蔗糖添加量及发酵温度对滨海白首乌酸乳的品质和总抗氧化能力的影响，并利用正交试验对其制备条件进行优化，同时研究其贮藏特性。结果表明，全脂乳粉中添加2.0%的滨海白首乌粉和5.0%的蔗糖，接种0.015 U/kg Y450A 发酵剂，40.0 ℃发酵5 h，制备的滨海白首乌酸乳总抗氧化能力为0.129 2 mmol/L，显著高于未发酵和不含滨海白首乌粉的酸乳（P<0.05），且酸甜适中，风味和口感良好。异丙醇、2，3-丁二酮、正己醇、2-庚酮、仲丁基亚硝酸酯及三乙二醇单乙醚为其主要的风味物质。4 ℃贮藏9 d 后，滨海白首乌酸乳的总抗氧化能力为0.103 5 mmol/L，乳酸菌活菌数为1.57×108 CFU/mL，并保持了良好的感官品质。     

香蕉果酒酿造工艺研究

以香蕉为主要原料,研究采用控温发酵技术酿制香蕉果酒的工艺流程,通过对比试验确定最佳工艺参数为:果胶酶用量100mg/L,SO2添加量50～100mg/L,发酵温度24℃,精度22%,酵母接种量6%.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.