无花果代乳饮料研究

用粉末油脂替代调配酸乳饮料中的奶粉原料,并添加了适量的乳酸钙。制作无花果代乳饮料。结果表明当配方是无花果汁9．5％、白砂糖8％、柠檬酸0．18％、乳酸0．12％、粉末油脂4.8%,乳酸钙0.1%,单甘酯0.11%,羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）0．1％和黄原胶0．05％时产品稳定性好。     

无花果果肉饮料的研制

以无花果为主要原料，研究了无花果果肉饮料的制作工艺。采用正交试验方法，确定最佳配方为无花果原果浆40％、白砂糖8％、柠檬酸0．02％、复合稳定剂0．1％。     

脱氢醋酸钠、山梨酸钾、双乙酸钠、乳化剂及其复配形式在水果中的防腐研究

本文研究了脱氢醋酸钠、山梨酸钾、双乙酸钠、乳化剂及其复配形式对柑桔、巨峰葡萄、早熟梨的防腐效果。结果表明：脱氢醋酸钠、山梨酸钾、双乙酸钠、乳化剂组成的复合制剂能有效地抑制水果的呼吸强度和增强抗菌能力。并得出在柑桔果实中最佳组合为：脱氢醋酸钠0．08％＋山梨酸钾0．02％＋双乙酸钠0．10％＋乳化剂0．10％；巨峰葡萄果实中最佳组合为脱氢醋酸钠0．15％＋山梨酸钾0．05％＋双乙酸钠0．15％＋乳化剂0．15％；早熟梨中的最佳组合为脱氢醋酸钠0．10％＋山梨酸钾0．05％＋双乙酸钠0．05％＋乳化剂0．12％。     

延长猪肉保鲜期的研究

探讨了Nisin（乳链菌肽）、溶菌酶及真空包装综合应用于猪肉保鲜的效果。实验分A、B两大组：A1（对照组），蒸馏水处理；A2组，0．05％Nisin＋0．05％溶菌酶混合液中浸泡30s；B1（对照组），蒸馏水处理，再真空包装；B2组，0．05％Nisin＋0．05％溶菌酶混合液中浸泡30s，再真空包装，各组肉样于0－4℃贮藏。并从理化指标、微生物指标、感官评分三方面比较研究保鲜效果。结果表明：0．05％Nisin＋0．05％溶菌酶混合液能有效延长猪肉的保鲜期，结合真空包装技术则保鲜效果更好。     

软包装桂花糯米糖藕的工艺研究

以莲藕为主要原料,通过正交实验、单因素实验及对比实验,研究了软包装桂花糯米糖藕加工的新工艺。结果表明：选择0．06％柠檬酸＋20％麦芽糖＋0．08％强力甜味剂＋0．16％功能性甜味料作组合糖液。0．15％柠檬酸＋1％氯化钠＋0．05％D-异抗坏血酸钠作组合护色液,经护色、蒸制、热水煮制、糖煮及热包装、杀菌等工艺处理,可有效保持其最佳品质。     

鱼油替代菜籽油对蛋鸡生产性能及脂质代谢的影响

试验共设四个组，对照组含3％菜油，试验组分别含2％菜油＋1％鱼油、1％菜油＋2％鱼油和3％鱼油，研究日粮鱼油替代菜籽油对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和脂质代谢的影响。结果表明，蛋黄中ALA、DHA含量以2％鱼油添加组最高，分别比对照组提高32．88％（P〈0．05）和22．49％（P〉0．05），EPA含量以1％鱼油添加组最高，比对照组提高13．48（P〈0．05）；添加鱼油组蛋黄TC含量升高（P〉0．05），TG变化不明显，MDA含量升高（P〉0．05）；血清TC含量升高，以3％鱼油添加量组最高，比对照组提高3．55％（P〈0．05），2％、3％鱼油添加组TG含量降低，分别比对照组下降12，52％（P〉0．05）和51．18％（P〈0．05）；血清HDL—C含量升高，LDL—C含量降低，SOD、MDA含量有所降低，蛋重以2％和3％鱼油添加组显著低于对照组（P〈0．05），蛋壳强度分别比对照组提高13．79％（P〉0．05）、41．72％（P〈0．05）和32．37％（P〉0．05）。研究表明，蛋鸡日粮中添加鱼油可以提高ω-3PUFA在蛋黄中的沉积，影响机体的脂质代谢，同时伴随脂质过氧化物合成增加，但对产蛋性能无明显影响。综合各种指标，蛋鸡日粮中以2％的鱼油添加量为佳。     

桂花糯米糖藕的褐变控制

本文对桂花糯米糖藕褐变的关键控制点进行了研究。实验结果表明,经0．15％柠檬酸＋1％氯化钠＋0．05％D-异抗坏血酸钠护色液护色40min后,再进行蒸制、热水煮制、糖煮及热包装等处理,可有效控制其褐变。     

红枣冰淇淋的研制

本文对影响红枣冰淇淋膨胀率主要因素进行了研究。通过试验确定了枣泥添加量、老化时间、复合乳化剂的最佳用量，即枣泥添加量为8％，在0-4℃下老化6～8h，复合乳化剂配比为0．10％海藻酸钠＋0.20％CMC＋0．05％单甘酯＋0.10％明胶，冰淇淋的口感、风味和膨胀率俱佳。     

山楂胡萝卜复合果茶及其稳定性的研究

通过3因素3水平正交试验，确定山楂胡萝卜复合果茶的基本配方为山楂浆与胡萝卜浆的最佳配比为2：1、糖的添加量为8％。对不同增稠剂的单因素试验和复合试验结果表明，复合增稠剂对产品有良好的稳定作用，增稠剂最佳用量为0．1％黄原胶＋0．05％刺槐豆胶。     

无糖甘草酸奶的工艺研究

本文对具有营养保健功能的无糖甘草酸奶的工艺研究及质量控制进行了初步探讨。结果表明：以甘草为原料,用0．05％VC＋0．1％柠檬酸作为护色剂,可制得色泽洁白,质量良好的甘草汁。采用甘草汁：鲜牛奶=5：7的原料配比,阿斯巴甜0．05％,葡萄糖酸钙2％、食用氯化钙0．012％,用蒙牛B00301710701菌种作为发酵剂进行发酵,接种量j3％,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间5h等工艺条件,可制得品质风味优良无糖甘草酸奶。     

Mycoflora and natural occurrence of aflatoxin, cyclopiazonic acid, fumonisin and ochratoxin A in dried figs

Mycoflora, the mycotoxigenic properties of moulds, and natural contamination with mycotoxins such as aflatoxins (AFs), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were investigated in dried figs. Dry fig samples were collected from orchards during the drying stage in the Aegean Region of Turkey. Fungal isolates were identified using morphological, chemical as well as molecular methods. Mycotoxigenic characteristics of moulds were assessed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mycotoxins except CPA (by TLC) were determined by HPLC. All the fig samples were contaminated with moulds and 94.7% contained one or more mycotoxigenic species. The most prevalent moulds present in dried figs belong to the Aspergillus section Nigri members, being 93.9% positive for the samples, followed by Fusarium spp., Aspergillus section Flavi and Penicillium spp. On the other hand, Fusarium spp. had the highest count and the number of fumonisin producing Fusarium was also high. A total of 48% of 115 dried fig samples contained OTA (range = 0.1-15.3 ng g(-1)), 74.7% of the samples had FB(1) (range = 0.05-3.65 mg kg(-1)), 10.0% of the samples had aflatoxin (range = 0.1-763.2 ng g(-1)) and 24.3% of the samples were tentatively identified as being contaminated with CPA (range = 25-187 ng g(-1)). Dried fig samples were contaminated with one (33.0%), two (47.0%), three (5.2%) and four mycotoxins (3.5%). A total of 11.3% of dried fig samples were not contaminated with any of the four mycotoxins. To the best of our knowledge, CPA and fumonisin have been found for the first time in dried figs.     

营养复合果饮料研制营养复合果汁饮料的研制

对苹果、甘蔗、无花果、百合、茅根、马蹄、桂圆复合果汁饮料的配方、稳定性以及风味进行了研究,并制定了复合果汁饮料的生产工艺。复合果汁饮料的最佳配方为：苹果、甘蔗、无花果、百合、茅根、马蹄、桂圆等汁的最佳比例为17.5：6：2：2：1：1：0.1（质量比）,白砂糖16%,柠檬酸0.5%,蜂蜜16%,稳定剂0.02%。所得产品为营养、保健型饮料,风味独特,酸甜可口。     

Mycoflora and natural occurrence of aflatoxin,cyclopiazonic acid,fumonisin and ochratoxin A in dried figs

Mycoflora, the mycotoxigenic properties of moulds, and natural contamination with mycotoxins such as aflatoxins (AFs), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were investigated in dried figs. Dry fig samples were collected from orchards during the drying stage in the Aegean Region of Turkey. Fungal isolates were identified using morphological, chemical as well as molecular methods. Mycotoxigenic characteristics of moulds were assessed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mycotoxins except CPA (by TLC) were determined by HPLC. All the fig samples were contaminated with moulds and 94.7% contained one or more mycotoxigenic species. The most prevalent moulds present in dried figs belong to the Aspergillus section Nigri members, being 93.9% positive for the samples, followed by Fusarium spp., Aspergillus section Flavi and Penicillium spp. On the other hand, Fusarium spp. had the highest count and the number of fumonisin producing Fusarium was also high. A total of 48% of 115 dried fig samples contained OTA (range?=?0.1–15.3?ng?g^?1), 74.7% of the samples had FB₁ (range?=?0.05–3.65?mg?kg^?1), 10.0% of the samples had aflatoxin (range?=?0.1–763.2?ng?g^?1) and 24.3% of the samples were tentatively identified as being contaminated with CPA (range?=?25–187?ng?g^?1). Dried fig samples were contaminated with one (33.0%), two (47.0%), three (5.2%) and four mycotoxins (3.5%). A total of 11.3% of dried fig samples were not contaminated with any of the four mycotoxins. To the best of our knowledge, CPA and fumonisin have been found for the first time in dried figs.     

响应面法优化牡蛎多糖低醇无花果酒发酵工艺

以山东荣成青皮无花果为原料,添加牡蛎多糖,制备低醇无花果酒。采用单因素试验及响应面试验设计,探究发酵时间、初始糖度、酵母菌接种量、牡蛎多糖添加量、发酵温度对其酒精度和感官评分的影响,并优化牡蛎多糖低醇无花果酒发酵工艺。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺为：发酵温度25 ℃,发酵时间7 d,初始糖度17 °Bx,pH 3.50,酵母菌接种量0.05%,牡蛎多糖添加量0.3%。在此优化条件下,牡蛎多糖低醇无花果酒酒精度为7.17%vol,牛磺酸含量为482 mg/L,Zn含量为13.3 mg/L,感官评分为94.2分。     

无花果风味酸奶的研制

本文以牛乳为主要原料,无花果为辅料,制作无花果风味的凝固型酸奶。以感官评分为评价指标,通过无花果汁添加量、蔗糖添加量、发酵剂接种量和发酵时间4个单因素实验和响应面分析确定最佳工艺。结果表明,8%无花果汁添加量、5%蔗糖添加量、0.03%发酵接种量、4 h发酵时间条件下生产的无花果风味酸奶质地细腻,酸甜可口,具有清新甜香的无花果香味,感官评定评分最高,可达到89.8分。     

无花果及其果酒挥发性成分的研究

该研究以无花果为原材料,发酵酿造无花果酒,并对无花果及其果酒的品质进行了评价分析。研制的无花果酒的总酸含量0.507 g/100 mL、可溶性固形物7.50 g/100 mL、酒精度8.5%vol、pH 4.09,其理化指标均符合果酒国家标准。采用GC-MS联用仪、电子鼻和感官评价相结合的方法对无花果及其果酒的风味成分进行检测和评价。结果表明,无花果及其自制果酒中共检测出41种挥发性成分,无花果中检测出28种,自制果酒中检测出21种,除乙醇外,其主要挥发性成分分别为苯甲醛（27.9%）和苯乙醇（19.6%）。共有成分为8种,同时电子鼻检测结果表明,与美餐乐无花果酒相比,自制无花果酒风味更接近于无花果原有风味。自制无花果酒的感官评价总分值与美餐乐无花果酒相差不大,其可接受性高,风格独特,典型优雅。     

Production of Malt Flavoured Low-Sugar Drink from Banana (Musa sapientum) Fig Using Amyloglucosidase

Banana fig from fully ripe banana, caramel and malt extract, food drink thickening agent, acetic acid and local hop extract (Alfalfa) were used in the formulation of a low-sugar malt drink. Banana fig was used as a replacement for malted barley. The pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), percentage sugar content, specific gravity and saccharification of the extracts were determined. The effects of optimization of the mashing process using industrial enzyme-amyloglucosidase were also evaluated. The pH and percentage sugar content of the banana fig extract decreased with increased mashed temperatures. Specific gravity of the banana fig extracts decreased with increased mashed temperatures, with values from 1.013 to 1.010 against mashed temperatures of 45°C and 80°C respectively. At temperatures of 70°C and above the saccharification was observed to be incomplete. However, the introduction of industrial enzyme-amyloglucosidase resulted in complete saccharification. The formulation of the malt flavoured low-sugar drink gave three samples of 6.2%, 7.4% and 11.8% sugar contents. Sensory evaluation carried out on the malt flavoured low-sugar drink with commercial Amstel malt drink showed no significant difference in taste and flavour for all the samples compared with reference sample at p > 0.05. But sample BS3 with 11.8% sugar content was significantly different (p < 0.05) from sample BS2 (7.4% sugar) and BS1 (6.2% sugar) in colour and general acceptability. All samples except BS1 with 6.2% sugar were accepted by the panellists. This malt flavoured low-sugar drink could thus help reduce health complications in conditions associated with high sugar consumption. The use of additional enzymes in combination with the amyloglucosidase could improve the extract yield, nutritional and sensory qualities of the drink.     

响应面法优化干制无花果果醋发酵工艺的研究

以新疆干制无花果为原料酿制无花果果醋,通过单因素试验和响应面分析试验,得到最佳发酵工艺条件。结果表明：无花果果醋的最佳发酵工艺条件为初始酒精度为8.0%vol、醋酸菌接种量为0.6 %、发酵温度为30 ℃,在此最佳醋酸发酵工艺条件下,总酸含量为5.28 g/100 mL,所得果醋风味丰韵饱满醇厚,色泽橙黄而透明,口感酸甜爽口。