纯棉织物的吸湿快干整理工艺

采用纳米吸湿快干剂NT-H550对纯棉织物进行吸湿快干整理,考察了整理剂浓度、整理液p H值、焙烘温度和时间对整理效果的影响,通过测定整理后织物的毛细效应高度、水分蒸发速率和滴水扩散实验来评估整理效果。结果表明:整理后棉织物吸湿快干性能有显著的提升;其最佳工艺条件为:室温二浸二轧(轧余率70%)整理液(NT-H55050 g/L,NT-W100 2 g/L,p H=5,浴比1∶20),然后预烘(100℃,120 s),焙烘(170℃,90 s),水洗,烘干。     

涤棉混纺织物纳米吸湿快干免烫一浴整理工艺探讨

采用纳米吸湿快干整理剂及树脂对涤棉混纺织物进行吸湿快干免烫一浴整理,探讨树脂用量、焙烘温度对织物平整度及强力的影响,纳米吸湿快干整理剂对织物毛效及快干性的影响。另外对柔软剂进行筛选,选取手感好且对织物整理效果无负面影响的柔软剂。     

涤纶用吸湿排汗剂DM-3746的应用研究

用吸湿排汗剂DM-3746对涤纶针织物进行了整理,探讨了焙烘温度、焙烘时间、整理剂用量及快干剂G对织物整理效果的影响。结果表明优化工艺为:DM-3746 20 g/L,快干剂G 10 g/L,焙烘温度180℃,焙烘时间60 s。在此条件下整理织物的快干性提高了30%,半衰期小于1 s,整理前后的织物色差小于1.0,且织物洗20次后的毛效达到16.3 cm。     

涤棉织物吸湿排汗整理

采用纳米吸湿排汗整理剂对涤棉混纺织物进行整理,探讨浸轧次数、整理剂用量、焙烘温度和pH值等工艺参数对整理效果的影响。结果表明,采用二浸二轧工艺,取吸湿排汗剂NT-H550 50 g/L,NT-H42010 g/L,140~160℃焙烘90 s,pH值4~8,涤棉织物具有最佳的吸湿排汗整理效果。     

涤棉织物免烫易去污整理

采用免烫树脂EMT和亲水易去污整理剂FC-226对涤棉织物进行同浴免烫和易去污整理.通过测试试样的折皱回复角、抗弯长度和易去污等性能,优化整理工艺,即:免烫树脂EMT 60 g/L,易去污整理剂FC-226 70 g/L,强力保护剂617 30 g/L,非金属类催化剂20 g/L,焙烘温度180℃.采用上述工艺整理后的织物再经蒸呢处理,缓弹达265°,易去污性能3.5级,强力下降很小,符合生产加工要求.     

松紧带防污快干整理工艺研究

研究了松紧带的防污快干整理工艺和性能.用含氟整理剂AB对松紧带进行防污快干整理,根据整理前后松紧带的防污快干性、拉伸性能等因素的变化确定整理剂质量浓度、预烘温度和时间、焙烘温度和时间.结果显示,防污快干整理的最优工艺条件为：整理剂AB质量浓度40 g/L,烘干温度及时间100℃×3 min,焙烘温度及时间160℃×1.5 min,整理后松紧带的防污快干性能显著提高,拉伸性能变化甚微.     

涤纶织物吸湿排汗整理工艺研究

采用吸湿快干整理剂Hipom A-790对涤纶织物进行吸湿排汗整理,系统研究了整理液质量分数、整理温度和整理时间对涤纶织物吸湿排汗性能的影响,并得到最佳整理工艺条件为:整理液质量分数为3%,整理温度为80℃,整理时间为40 min,经整理后的织物水洗20次后仍保持较好的吸湿排汗性能。     

特氟龙整理剂在涤纶织物三防整理中的应用

采用特氟龙整理剂(聚四氟乙烯)对涤纶织物进行三防整理,利用拒水性测试、织物渗透压测试、透气透湿性能测试、防油性能测试等评定三防整理的效果,讨论了整理剂质量浓度、焙烘温度、焙烘时间等对涤纶织物三防性能的影响。研究结果表明,涤纶织物经特氟龙整理剂三防整理后三防效果明显增加,特氟龙整理剂对涤纶织物进行三防整理的最佳工艺条件为:整理剂质量浓度45g/L,焙烘温度170℃,焙烘时间50 s。     

涤纶织物的亲水易去污整理

研究了涤纶织物以Permalose TM 为整理剂整理时,轧—烘—焙工艺中整理剂浓度、焙烘温度、时间等对织物亲水、易去污和抗静电性能的影响。     

棉织物的缓释微胶囊驱蚊整理

采用缓释驱蚊微胶囊整理剂PCM-SF对棉织物进行驱蚊整理,分析了驱蚊整理剂和黏合剂用量,焙烘温度和焙烘时间对整理织物驱蚊效果的影响,测试了整理织物的耐洗性能.研究结果表明,棉织物用缓释型微胶囊整理剂进行驱蚊整理的最适宜条件为:驱蚊整理剂PCM-SF 30～50 g/L,低温黏合剂30～ 40 g/L,焙烘温度100 ～110℃,焙烘时间3～5 min.整理织物经过30次洗涤后仍具有较好的驱蚊效果.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.