在氯化段采用不同ClO2取代率的漂白工艺的探讨

本文对湿地松硫酸盐浆漂白的氯化段以不同取代率的ＣｌＯ２取代部分氯的漂白工艺进行了探讨。研究结果表明：用ＣｌＯ２代替部分氯进行氯化，能使浆的ＫＭｎＯ４值降低，白度和聚合度提高，废液和浆中的有机结合氯降降低。在相同的氯化工艺条件下，其白度以５０／５０取代率较其他取代工艺条件下，其余均以３０／７０取代率的各项浆质量指标为最好。从而说明，ＣｌＯ２取代部分Ｃｌ２，其取代率并非越高越好。     

白腐菌预处理蔗渣浆的漂白研究

白腐菌ＨＧＸ－０３比白腐菌Ｐ．ｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍＢｕｒｄｓ（ＢＫＭ／Ｆ－１７６７）脱除纸浆残余木素的能力强，在适宜的培养条件下预处理蔗渣浆７天，Ｋａｐｐａ值从１９．６降低至１１．２；进行后续的化学漂白处理时，可以减少传统漂白程序ＰＤ１ＥＤ２中的二氧化氯用量，或者取消过氧化氢漂白程序，获得白度和平均聚合度均高于传统ＰＤ１ＥＤ２漂白程序的纸浆。漂白废液的ＣＯＤＣｒ和总色度分别减少２７．４６％和２８．５３％。     

马尾松KP浆少氯与无元素氯（ECF）漂白方法的研究

进行了马尾松ＫＰ浆少氯与无元素氯漂白的研究。结果表明：在氯化段用ＣｌＯ２取代３０％￣４０％的Ｄ／Ｃ氯化与常规氯化比较，可提高浆的白度和粘度，减少氯的消耗。在氧漂白进行无元素氯漂白，浆的白度可达８６％ＩＳＯ以上。     

湿地松硫酸盐浆O—D／C—Eo—D漂白工艺的探讨

对我国湿地松硫酸盐浆在Ｄ／Ｃ－Ｅｏ２－Ｄ和Ｏ－Ｄ／Ｃ－Ｅｏ２－Ｄ漂白工艺过程中的效果进行了探讨。结果表明，从第一流程中可以得到８２％ＩＳＯ的漂白纸浆，第二流程中纸浆可获得８９％ＩＳＯ的白度，对各流程中部分漂白适宜的条件也进行了探讨。     

湿地松硫酸盐浆O－D／C－E_o－D漂白工艺的探讨

对我国湿地松硫酸盐浆在Ｄ／Ｃ－Ｅ_０２－Ｄ和Ｏ－Ｄ／Ｃ－Ｅ_０２－Ｄ漂白工艺过程中的效果进行了探讨。结果表明，从第一流程中可以得到８２％ＩＳＯ的漂白纸浆，从第二流程中纸浆可获得８９％ＩＳＯ的白度，对各流程中部分漂白适宜的条件也进行了探讨。     

半纤维素酶E—An—76在桦木硫酸盐浆漂白中的作用

研究表明半纤维素酶Ｅ－Ａｎ－７６在桦木硫酸盐浆常规氯漂流程（ＣＥＨ）以及ＥＣＦ漂白流程（ＯＥＤＰ，ＯＤＥＰ）中都具有很好地漂白助剂作用，使化学漂剂用量降低而浆白度提高。对半纤维素酶漂白杨一的研究显示，硫酸盐浆中再沉积成回吸的木聚糖在Ｅ－Ａｎ－７６漂白中起重要作用。     

半纤维素酶E─An─76在桦木硫酸盐浆漂白中的作用

研究表明半纤维素酶Ｅ－Ａｎ－７６在桦木硫酸盐浆常规氯漂流程（ＣＥＨ）以及ＥＣＦ漂白流程（ＯＥＤＰ，ＯＤＥＰ）中都具有很好的漂白助剂作用，使化学漂剂用量降低而浆白度提高。对半纤维素酶漂白机理的研究显示：硫酸盐浆中再沉积或回吸的木聚糖在Ｅ－Ａｎ－７６漂白中起重要作用     

麦草NaOH—AQ浆高白度无氯和低氯漂白新工艺的研究

提出了一种高白度无氯漂白（ＬＲＰＰ）和低氯漂白（ＬＲＰＨ）新工艺。麦草ＮａＯＨ－ＡＱ浆经１％ＬＲ进行脱木素预处理，可以使卡伯值降低５７．３％，而粘度仅下降１６．６％。ＬＲ脱木素预处理后的纸浆具有良好的可漂性。经１％ＬＲ－２％Ｈ２Ｏ２－２％Ｈ２Ｏ２无氯漂白和１％ＬＲ－２％Ｈ２Ｏ２－２％Ｃａ（ＣｌＯ）２低氯漂白，可分别获得８８．１％ＳＢＤ和８８．３％ＳＢＤ的高白度纸浆，且具有较高的粘度。对ＬＲＰＰ和ＬＲＰＨ漂白浆的研究表明，二者的物理性能均优于传统的ＣＥＨ三段漂。     

利用多硫化钠和蒽醌对麦草进行深度脱木素的研究

对多硫化钠（ＰＳ）和蒽醌（ＡＱ）在麦草深度脱木素中的应用进行了研究。结果表明，添加２％的ＰＳ可在纸浆细浆得率提高２％的同时，使纸浆卡伯值降低１７．４％。ＮａＯＨ－ＰＳ／ＡＱ浆具有良好的可漂性。与ＮａＯＨ－ＡＱ浆相比，ＮａＯＨ－ＰＳ／ＡＱ浆在漂至相同白度时，可节约用氯量８％～１２％。除撕裂指数相近外，ＮａＯＨ－ＰＳ／ＡＱ浆具有更高的裂断长和耐折度。发现在ＮａＯＨ－ＰＳ／ＡＱ黑液中，含有相对较少的总固形物、有机物和ＣＯＤＣｒ含量。     

硫酸盐荻苇浆少氯漂白的研究

进行了硫酸盐荻苇浆少氯漂白的研究。结果表明，在ＣＥＨ漂白中，Ｅ段加Ｈ２Ｏ２处理，可明显提高漂后浆的白度。采用ＣＥｐＨ和ＥｐＨＰ漂白程序，在保持纸浆白度不变的前提下，减少Ｃ段和Ｈ段有效氯用量，漂后浆的物理强度有一定提高；废液中有机氯含量大大降低。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.