贵州传统手工纸在手制书设计中的应用研究

贵州手工造纸具有十分悠久的历史,其制作工艺和纸张选择极具独特性。设计人员采用合理新颖的方式,将贵州传统手工纸广泛应用在手制书设计中,充分发挥出贵州传统手工纸的应用优势和应用价值,获得了良好的应用效果。文章主要对贵州传统手工造纸的发展与变迁进行阐述,同时主要分析其制作工艺,以及手制书设计中的纸张选择原则和方式,探讨贵州手工纸在手制书设计中的实践应用及价值。     

藏纸原料、制作与修复的研究进展

本文综述了藏纸原料、制作工艺和藏纸保护与修复等方面的研究成果。分析表明,藏纸原料种类丰富但缺乏深入认识、藏纸的病害研究不充足、藏纸检测和文献修复记录亦有待完善。在此基础上,对藏纸的原料种类、保存环境和修复等相关研究进行总结展望,希望为藏纸研究工作提供有益帮助。     

日本和纸经历衰退期后平稳发展

正中国文化报2013-12-27报道:隋唐年间,我国的造纸术传入日本。1000多年来,日本的手工造纸在吸取中国、朝鲜的造纸经验的同时,形成了自身的特点。美国著名的纸史学者亨特在其《日本、朝鲜、中国造纸游记》中,将日本纸称为东方最高级的手工纸。英国的纸史学者克莱普顿也有类似的说法。日本纸在世界上是享有一定声誉的。日本的传统手工纸统称和纸,大部分属于皮纸,以灌木的韧皮纤维为原料,这是受中国的影响。隋唐时期,我国的主要造纸原     

21世纪纸的概念新发展

自中国蔡伦于公元１０５ 年发明造纸技术以来, 在纸质和纸种方面发生了巨大的变化,经历了从古纸、手工纸、到机制纸、加工纸、特种纸和功能纸的突破性演变。在造纸原料方面,从一般的植物纤维发展到研究开发海洋植物纤维,２０ 世纪４０ 年代以来化学纤维、无机纤维被造纸工作者开发利用来制造各种功能性用纸, 广泛用于工业、农业和国防。     

贵州传统手工纸调查

贵州地区造纸历史悠久，不同地方有着代表性的造纸方法，通过查阅文献与实地走访，对贵州区域内7个最具代表性的传统手工纸进行考察分析，厘清手工造纸的历史渊源与工艺流程，对传统古籍文献修复用纸和文化遗产保护，有一定参考作用。     

论中国手工纸与传统文化

中国是纸的发明国,中国手工纸在原料、抄造方法、干燥条件、应用领域等方面与机制纸不同,宣纸是手工纸的代表,其保存时间的下限是1050年.纸是文化的载体,与中国传统文化密不可分.     

日本的手工纸——和纸

和纸，泛指日本各类以手工方式抄造而成的纸张。传统的和纸均采用植等植物柔软的韧皮为主要的造纸原料。近些年来，一些以木浆为主要原料的纸张因其手感与传统的和纸相似，也被称作和纸。在日本学习期间，笔者曾赴著名的美油和纸的诞生地、位于歧早县的“美浓和纸里会馆”，有幸观看并亲自体验了日本手工艺人抄造和纸的全过程。现整理成篇，供感兴趣的读者参考。1和纸的特性与机制纸相比，和纸具有以下优良的特性：（1）撕裂度、耐折度很高。下图比较了猪纸、三极纸、雁皮纸与机制纸（复印纸）的撕裂度、耐折度大小的相对值（无单位）；（2…     

走近云南临沧芒团纸 感受非物质文化遗产魅力

<正>网易2016-11-10报道:造纸是中国古代的四大发明之一,距今已近2000年的历史。在此次边交会场馆临沧市8县(区)主题馆里,小编被一种藏着花儿的纸吸引。据介绍,这种纸是在耿马孟定延续至今的民间手工造纸——芒团纸,它的制作仍然传承着东汉时期的那一套完整工序,堪称中国古代造纸术的"活化石",是迄今为止工艺传承最为完整的手工造纸技术。2006年,芒团纸被国家文化部列为第一批国家级非物质文化遗产。据介绍,在芒团当地制作芒团纸这门工艺只传女,不传男。无论是浸泡、蒸煮或是捶打,还     

覆铜箔板纸的技术进展

介绍了覆铜箔板纸的用途,覆铜箔板的制造过程和应用.分析了覆铜箔板纸的性能与覆铜箔板性能的关系,总结了玻璃纤维覆铜箔板纸和纺纶纤维覆铜箔板纸的技术概况.提出了造纸行业要加强与其他行业的协作,在原料、制造工艺方面不断革新,开发出满足覆铜箔板行业发展需要的新产品.     

手工纸与书法审美多元化关系探究

<正>长期以来人们对古纸的历史研究一直在不断深入，很多研究学者的领域从纸张产生的历史已延展至对手工纸的制作原料、工艺的研究。针对这些研究，也可以管窥出其衍生行业的变化。就书法艺术来说，手工纸的产生和使用使得这门艺术历经千年岁月的洗涤依旧熠熠生辉。众所周知，书法艺术是我国的传统艺术之一，其产生与我国文字历史渊源颇深。从最初的象形刻符再到甲骨文、     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.