超声检测颈动脉粥样硬化对冠心病的预测价值

目的 :找寻超声检测颈动脉内中膜厚度与动脉粥样硬化对于冠状动脉病变的价值。方法 :应用多普勒彩超对冠状动脉造影的120名患者进行检查,观察其中膜厚度与粥样斑块的形成情况,并且将冠状动脉造影结果分为对照组、单支病变组与多支病变组,比较每组斑块的发生情况,并且检测出颈动脉粥样斑块对冠心病的敏感性。结果 :在目前的冠心病患者之中,多支病变组中的内中膜厚度与粥样斑块出现几率,要高于单支病变组与对照组,每组之间的患者没有具体条件的差异,颈动脉粥样斑块对冠心病的敏感程度基本为90%以上,特异性为70%,阳性预测为75%,阴性预测为92%。结论 :在冠心病的患者之中,包括冠心病高危人群检查之中,超声检测颈动脉内中膜厚度与粥样斑块的形成,能够成为研究冠心病危险程度的基本指标。     

叶黄素生物学功能与相关慢性疾病的研究进展

目的：介绍叶黄素生物学功能研究，同时对叶黄素在各种慢性疾病防治中的效果和使用剂量新进展进行综述。方法：从中国知网、万方、PubMed等中英文数据库中检索关键词，提取叶黄素与慢性疾病相关信息，经过综合筛选共纳入41篇文献。结果：目前研究报道，叶黄素补充10 mg/d可改善AMD患者和健康人的视觉功能；可降低健康人群心血管疾病发病风险；可减缓正常人紫外线诱导的皮肤损伤。补充60 mg/d对动脉粥样硬化患者病情有益。队列研究发现日常摄入>9 mg/d可降低乳腺癌发病风险。2013版DRIs提出叶黄素的特定建议值(SPL)为10 mg/d,可耐受最高摄入量(UL)为40 mg/d。结论：本综述旨在为叶黄素新版的SPL和UL制定提供科学依据。     

白芍总苷对高尿酸血症并发肝脏损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨白芍总苷（total glucosides of paeony,TGP）对大鼠高尿酸血症并发肝脏损伤的保护作用。方法：将50只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为5组：正常组、模型组、TGP低剂量组（100 mg/kg）、TGP高剂量组（300 mg/kg）和别嘌醇组（27.0 mg/kg）,每组10只。模型组、TGP低、高剂量组和别嘌醇组大鼠分别按照1.5 mL/100 g的体积灌胃腺嘌呤6.66 mg/mL+氧嗪酸钾100 mg/mL的混合液制造高尿酸血症大鼠模型,每日7:00和20:00各1次,持续3周。每日12:00按剂量分别灌胃给药TGP和别嘌醇,持续5周。5周后,处死大鼠,检测各组大鼠的肝脏脏器指数,血清中总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,A...     

缺血性脑血管病与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系分析

目的:探究缺血性脑血管疾病以及颈动脉粥样硬化二者之间的联系。方法:利用彩超对来我院就诊的300位患有缺血性脑血管疾病的患者进行检查,主要目的是观察病人的颈动脉是否有异常现象。另外还要记录每位患者的血管直径、颈动脉内膜中层的薄厚度、人体内血液流动速度等多种测量指标。并且我们还需要通过专业的彩超仪器检查病人颈动脉部位是否存在斑块,如果存在,其详细情况又是如何。为了使得患有缺血性脑血管疾病的患者其测量指标能够给予实验者更多启发,我们又另外选取了250位身体健康者与300位患病者形成对比,配合我们完成本次试验。为方便叙述,我们将300位患有缺血性脑血管疾病的病人归为一组,记为观察组,将250身体健康者归为一组,记为对照组。结果:经检验,观察组内300位缺血性脑出血患者有260位颈动脉存在异常现象,大约占据所有研究患者的86.7%。颈动脉的不正常体现在动脉呈现硬化,血管结构以主动的形式发生变化、颈动脉的内膜-中层厚度增加、粥样硬化斑块逐渐形成、血管内径窄小、血液流动速度加快。而对照组中虽然颈动脉也有出现异常的病例,但仅有27例,所占比例要远远小于观察组的患者。结论:缺血性脑血管疾病与颈动脉粥样硬化二者之间有着明显的线性关系,利用先进的彩超技术对缺血性脑血管疾病进行检查,其反响良好,对缺血性脑血管患者的诊断与治疗极有帮助,具有推广应用的价值。     

雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠肝肾的保护作用

目的:研究雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠肝肾的保护作用。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为正常组和造模组,正常组以普通饲料喂养,造模组70只大鼠采用高脂高糖饲料饲养4周后,腹腔注射一次链脲佐菌素（STZ）35 mg/kg BW;继续饲养4周,测血糖将造模成功大鼠再分为模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组、降糖药物组（模型组灌胃蒸馏水,低、中、高三个剂量组分别给予50、100和200 mg/kg BW的雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉,降糖药物组给予28.5 mg/kg BW的盐酸二甲双胍）,连续干预4周,处死大鼠;测定血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性以及白蛋白（ALB）和球蛋白（GLO）含量,测定肝肾组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素1β（IL-1β）水平;制作肝肾HE染色病理切片,观察病理学变化。结果:高剂量雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉可极显著降低糖尿病大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、LDH活性和GLO含量（P<0.01）,显著减少ALB含量（P<0.05）;极显著提高肝肾组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性（P<0.01）,极显著降低MDA含量（P<0.01）;极显著降低肝肾组织TNF-α和IL-1β水平（P<0.01）。雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉对肝肾组织的损伤有一定的缓解作用。结论:雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉可减轻糖尿病大鼠的肝肾损伤,机制可能与降低氧化应激和炎性反应有关。     

食品防霉剂脱氢醋酸钠的肉鸡耐受性研究

目的：对食品防霉剂脱氢醋酸钠进行动物耐受性研究,为其在食品及饲料中的应用确定最高添加剂量及安全性评价提供参考。方法：选取1 日龄健康爱拔益加（Arbor Acres,AA）肉鸡240 只,随机分为4 组,每组6 个重复,每个重复10 只,分别饲喂添加脱氢醋酸钠0（CON组）、200 mg/kg（TES1组）、1 000 mg/kg（TES2组）、2 000 mg/kg（TES3组）的基础日粮。测定肉鸡的生长性能和血清生化指标。结果：1）肉鸡生长前期,TES3组的日采食量、日体质量增量、平均体质量显著或极显著低于其他各组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,饲料效率显著或极显著降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,TES2组的日体质量增量、平均体质量均显著低于CON组和TES1组（P＜0.05）;肉鸡生长后期,TES3组的日采食量、日体质量增量均显著低于其他各组（P＜0.05）。2）肉鸡生长后期,TES2组和TES3组血液中白细胞含量显著高于CON组及TES1组（P＜0.05）;3）与对照组相比,肉鸡生长后期TES2组血清中白蛋白含量显著降低（P＜0.05）;与TES1组相比,TES3组血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶含量显著降低（P＜0.05）,肌酐浓度显著提高（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮中添加2 000 mg/kg脱氢醋酸钠可显著降低肉鸡生长性能,导致肉鸡肾脏功能障碍。在食品中添加应用高剂量脱氢醋酸钠会对机体代谢产生不良影响,应用时应严格按规定控制剂量。     

浒苔绿藻精对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的：研究浒苔绿藻精（CGF）对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的调节作用。方法：采用四氧嘧啶（0.24g/kg）腹腔注射建立糖尿病小鼠模型,CGF以200mg/kg、400mg/kg、800mg/kg 3个剂量分别灌胃给药,空白对照组和模型组均以蒸馏水（0.2mL/10g）灌胃,连续28d。测定小鼠的日采食量、日饮水量和血清总胆固醇（TC）超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和脏器指数。结果：各CGF组小鼠日采食量和日饮水量均逐渐减少,模型组则反之;CGF高、中剂量组28d空腹血糖值较0d有所降低,但无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而模型组灌胃28d的空腹血糖值较0d显著升高（P〈0.05）;CGF高剂量组小鼠血清TC含量较模型组显著下降（P〉0.05）;各CGF组血清SOD活性均较模型组显著升高（P〈0.05）;CGF高剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数较模型组显著升高（P〈0.05）,各剂量组与模型组间的脾脏指数相比没有显著差异（P〉0.05）,但随着剂量的增大,脾脏指数呈逐渐升高的趋势。结论：CGF对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢有一定的调节作用。     

兰坪虫草的缓解运动疲劳功能

目的：研究兰坪虫草对小鼠运动的抗疲劳效果。方法：小鼠随机分为5 个实验组,分别为兰坪虫草低剂量组（450 mg/（kg·d））、中剂量组（900 mg/（kg·d））、高剂量组（1 800 mg/（kg·d））以及空白组（蒸馏水）、阳性对照组（西洋参600 mg/（kg·d））,连续灌胃30 d,研究兰坪虫草对小鼠负重游泳时间、血乳酸、血清尿素氮、肝糖原、抗氧化酶、血液相关参数等疲劳指标的影响。结果：各剂量组兰坪虫草均能显著延长小鼠负重游泳时间（P＜0.05）;中、高剂量组可以显著降低小鼠运动后血清尿素氮浓度（P＜0.05）;高剂量组和阳性对照组能显著提高小鼠体内肝糖原的储备量（P＜0.05）;同时,兰坪虫草能提高血液血红蛋白和血糖浓度,明显增加抗氧化酶的活力,降低丙二醛水平。结论：研究证明兰坪虫草具有缓解小鼠运动疲劳的作用。     

乌贼墨汁黑色素对糖尿病肾病小鼠肾脏的保护作用

目的：探究不同剂量的乌贼墨汁黑色素对链脲佐菌素（streptozocin,STZ）诱导的糖尿病肾病模型小鼠肾 脏的保护作用及其机制。方法：采用腹腔注射STZ方法建立糖尿病肾病小鼠模型,将实验小鼠分为正常组、模型 组、阳性治疗组（盐酸二甲双胍120 mg/kg,以体质量计,下同）、黑色素低（120 mg/kg）、中（240 mg/kg）、高 （480 mg/kg）剂量组,连续灌胃4 周,测定肾脏指数、肾功能、肾脏抗氧化体系相关酶活力;组织切片观察肾脏形 态变化;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（real time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR）测定诱发肾脏纤维化细胞因 子的mRNA表达量。结果：与模型组相比,乌贼墨汁黑色素中、高剂量组能极显著增强肾功能（P＜0.01）,提高 抗氧化酶活性（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,减少丙二醛含量（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,降低肾纤维化转化生长因子及其受 体mRNA的表达（P＜0.01）,上调抗炎性因子过氧化酶体增殖物活化受体mRNA表达量（P＜0.01）;高剂量组肾 小管基底及系膜区细胞外基质积聚减轻,肾小管间质纤维化程度下降;低剂量组无显著差异。结论：中、高剂量的 乌贼墨汁黑色素能减轻糖尿病肾病的肾发炎,增强肾功能,其作用机制可能与提高肾脏抗氧化能力,抑制肾纤维化 细胞因子的过度表达相关。     

叶黄素对铁过载大鼠氧化应激水平影响的实验研究

目的:铁是人体必需的微量元素之一,但机体内铁负荷过多可诱导氧化应激,造成细胞和组织损伤。本研究通过建立铁过载大鼠模型,探讨不同剂量叶黄素对其氧化应激水平的影响。方法:60只SD雄性大鼠随机分为5组,每组12只。正常对照组大鼠饲喂基础饲料(铁含量50 mg/kg),其他大鼠均饲喂高铁饲料(铁含量1 000 mg/kg),建立铁过载模型大鼠,同时随机分为高铁负荷组、高铁+叶黄素低剂量组(10 mg/kg·bw)、高铁+叶黄素中剂量组(20 mg/kg·bw)、高铁+叶黄素高剂量组(40 mg/kg·bw)。持续喂养6w后,测定血清铁蛋白、血清铁、肝组织铁及血清和肝匀浆中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)等含量。结果:与正常对照组比较,高铁负荷组大鼠血清铁及血清铁蛋白含量均升高28%(P值均0.05),肝组织铁含量升高23%(P0.01)。与高铁负荷组大鼠比较,添加叶黄素低剂量、中剂量和高剂量的高铁负荷组大鼠血清铁、血清铁蛋白及肝组织铁含量均显著降低(P值均0.05),与正常对照组水平无显著差异(P值均0.05)。氧化应激水平分析显示,高铁负荷组大鼠血清GSH-Px活力和肝匀浆GSH-Px活力比正常对照组分别降低了12%和20%(P值均0.05)。中剂量叶黄素组大鼠血清GSH-Px及CAT活力比高铁负荷组分别提高了12%、32%(P值均0.05);高剂量叶黄素组肝匀浆GSH-Px活力比高铁负荷组大鼠提高了23%(P0.05)。与正常对照组比较,高铁负荷和高铁+低剂量叶黄素组肝匀浆T-SOD活力分别降低了20%和17%(P值均0.05)。而高剂量叶黄素组大鼠肝匀浆T-SOD活力与高铁负荷和高铁+低剂量叶黄素组大鼠相比分别提高了22%和19%(P值均0.05)。高铁负荷组大鼠肝匀浆CAT活力比正常组降低了19%(P0.05),比中剂量叶黄素组下降了22%(P0.05)。结论:铁负荷过载可降低机体多种抗氧化酶的活性,增加机体氧化应激水平;补充叶黄素可有效地减少高铁负荷损伤,提高抗氧化能力,较高剂量补充的效果可能更明显。     

The impact of carotid plaque screening on motivation for smoking cessation.

Showing smokers their own atherosclerotic plaques might increase motivation for smoking cessation, since they underestimate their own risk for smoking-related diseases. To assess the feasibility and optimal processes of studying the impact of carotid atherosclerotic plaque screening in smokers, we enrolled 30 daily cigarette smokers, aged 40-70 years, in an observational pre-post pilot study. All smokers underwent smoking cessation counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, a carotid ultrasound, an educational tutorial on atherosclerosis, baseline and 2-month motivation to change assessment, and assessment of smoking cessation at 2 months. Participants had a mean smoking duration of 34 years (SD = 7). Carotid plaques were present in 22 smokers (73%). Between baseline and 2 months after plaque screening, motivation for smoking cessation increased from 7.4 to 8.4 out of 10 (p = .02), particularly in those with plaques (7.2 to 8.7, p = .008). At 2 months, the smoking quit rate was 63%, with a quit rate of 73% in those with plaques vs. 38% in those without plaques (p = .10). Perceived stress, anxiety, and depression did not increase after screening. 96% of respondents answered correctly at least 80% of questions regarding atherosclerosis knowledge at baseline and after 2 months. In conclusion, studying the process of screening for carotid plaques for the purpose of increasing motivation for smoking cessation, in addition to counseling and drug therapy for smoking cessation in long-term smokers, appears feasible. The impact of carotid plaque screening on smoking cessation should be examined in larger randomized controlled trials with sufficient power to assess the impact on long-term smoking cessation rates.     

紫甘蓝花色苷对动脉粥样硬化兔血脂的调节作用

本文研究了紫甘蓝花色苷(RCA)对动脉粥样硬化兔血脂的调节作用。新西兰大白兔分为正常对照组、模型对照组、RCA低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组(n=8)。正常对照组以普通饲料喂养,其他组均以高脂饲料喂养,6周后,RCA低、中、高三个剂量组分别灌胃30、60、90 mg/(kg·d)体重的花色苷,阳性对照组灌胃5 mg/(kg·d)体重的辛伐他汀(simvastatin),模型对照组灌胃2 m L/(kg·d)体重生理盐水。实验第6周和10周分别检测兔子血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等指标,10周后取血处死,取主动脉作病理形态学观察。结果发现辛伐他汀和RCA能明显降低兔子血清TG、TC、LDL-C的含量,病理切片显示,紫甘蓝花色苷可减轻动脉粥样硬化斑块等病理损伤,揭示RCA对高血脂和动脉粥样硬化具有重要防护作用,且呈现剂量-效应关系。     

Feeding trial of instant food containing lyophilised yam powder in hypertensive subjects

BACKGROUND: It was reported in a previous paper that the yam tuber storage protein dioscorin exhibited antihypertensive effects on spontaneously hypertensive rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of packets of instant food (30 g) with (treated meal) and without (placebo) lyophilised yam powder on hypertensive subjects. RESULTS: A placebo‐controlled feeding trial was conducted daily for 5 weeks (stage 1), followed by a 1 week washout and then a 5 week crossover (stage 2). Twenty‐one subjects finished the trial. One packet of treated meal contained 140 ± 2.54 mg of dioscorin according to enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The blood pressure results of the treated meal and placebo groups at stage 1 end versus originals, but not at stage 2 end versus stage 2 beginning, were significantly different by the paired t test. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure readings after treated meal intervention, but not after placebo intervention, differed significantly from the original values based on one‐way analysis of variance followed by the post hoc Tukey test; the reductions in SBP and DBP were 6.52 and 4.76 mmHg respectively. The feeding trial did not appear to affect serum lipid profiles or other biochemical measurements of cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSION: Intake of an instant food containing 140 mg of dioscorin over 5 weeks had a regulating effect on human blood pressure. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

酵母β-葡聚糖加锌复合配方对免疫抑制幼龄小鼠的免疫调节作用

目的:探究酵母β-葡聚糖加锌复合配方对环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制幼龄小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法:48只3周龄BALB/c小鼠,随机分成空白组、模型组和复合物组。复合物组灌以由酵母β-葡聚糖和锌组成的复合物(相当于酵母β-葡聚糖:90 mg/kg/d、锌:2.8 mg/kg/d),空白组、模型组灌以等体积蒸馏水,模型组、复合物组在试验的第14、15 d以腹腔注射40 mg/kg环磷酰胺构建免疫低下模型,28 d后,再将小鼠分为两组,第Ⅰ组用于测定免疫器官指数、免疫细胞数目和活性以及细胞因子。第Ⅱ组用于血清溶血素实验和溶血空斑实验。结果:与模型组相比,酵母β-葡聚糖和柠檬酸锌复合配方能显著（P<0.05）提高小鼠免疫器官系数,促使脾淋巴细胞增殖和增加杯状细胞数量,极显著（P<0.01）提高半数溶血值（serum half hemolysis value, HC₅₀）、溶血空斑数、NK细胞活性,增加外周血中α肿瘤坏死因子（Tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α）、γ干扰素（interferon-γ, IFN-γ）浓度、白细胞数量,增加派氏结。结论:酵母β-葡聚糖加锌复合配方具有提高体液免疫、NK细胞活性,并增强肠黏膜免疫的作用。     

金花葵黄酮对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响

目的：探讨金花葵黄酮对高脂血症模型大鼠血脂的影响。方法：100只SD大鼠,按体质量随机分为6组;除空白对照组外,其余各组饲喂高脂饲料制作动物高脂血症模型;其中金花葵黄酮分为3、30、90mg/(kg·d)剂量组;阳性对照组灌胃洛伐他汀片10mg/(kg·d);空白对照组、阴性对照组灌胃10mL/(kg·d)蒸馏水,连续6周。每两周测定血脂相关指标,最后一周测定氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)。结果：3个剂量组大鼠血清血脂水平(总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C))及ox-LDL明显降低。结论：金花葵黄酮能缓解大鼠高脂血症,降低ox-LDL水平,延缓泡沫细胞的形成和动脉粥样硬化的发生。     

Metabolism and actions of conjugated linoleic acids on atherosclerosis‐related events in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are biologically highly active lipid compounds that have attracted great scientific interest due to their ability to cause either inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque development or even regression of pre‐established atherosclerotic plaques in mice, hamsters and rabbits. The underlying mechanisms of action, however, are only poorly understood. Since cell culture experiments are appropriate to gain insight into the mechanisms of action of a compound, the present review summarizes data from cell culture studies about the metabolism and the actions of CLAs on atherosclerosis‐related events in endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are important cells contributing to atherosclerotic lesion development. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that CLAs exert several beneficial actions including inhibition of inflammatory and vasoactive mediator release from ECs and SMCs, which may help explain the anti‐atherogenic effect of CLAs observed in vivo. The observation that significant levels of CLA metabolites, which have been reported to have significant biological activities, are well detectable in ECs and SMCs indicates that the anti‐atherogenic effects observed with CLAs are presumably mediated not only by CLAs themselves but also by their metabolites.     

大豆异黄酮抗家兔动脉粥样硬化作用

研究大豆异黄酮(ISF)对动脉粥样硬化家兔血浆脂蛋白抗脂质过氧化作用的影响。高脂饲料喂养法建立家兔动脉粥样硬化模型,连续给药8周后,处死动物,观察主动脉壁横切面病理变化。分离血浆脂蛋白,观察各血浆脂蛋白过氧化脂质(LPO)含量及低密度脂蛋白(LDL)氧化易感性的变化。结果表明：ISF可减轻高脂饲料诱导的动脉粥样硬化家兔主动脉病理变化;显著降低家兔血浆总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-CH)水平(P＜0.05);显著降低血浆总LPO和脂蛋白LPO含量(P＜0.05);在体外进行氧化修饰时,延长LDL氧化延滞时间。提示,ISF可降低动脉粥样硬化家兔LDL胆固醇水平和脂质过氧化程度,增强LDL抗氧化修饰能力,因此能够起到防治动脉粥样硬化症的积极作用。     

复方树莓籽粉对小鼠抗运动性疲劳作用的研究

目的 研究复方树莓籽粉灌胃对小鼠抗运动性疲劳作用。方法 取SD小鼠80只, 使用随机数字法分为4组, 分别为: 空白组、低剂量组(37.5 mg/(kg?d))、中剂量组(70 mg/(kg?d))、高剂量组(150 mg/(kg?d))。空白组给予蒸馏水对照, 其他组给予不同浓度的本品所配溶液。各组连续灌胃14 d, 测量小鼠体重后, 进行游泳, 游泳后测量小鼠力竭游泳时间, 尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)、乳酸(lactic acid, LD)及肝糖原含量。 结果 与空白组相比, 小鼠游泳力竭时间明显延长(P<0.05), 乳酸含量明显降低(P<0.05), 肝糖原含量明显增加(P<0.05)。结论 复方树莓籽粉具有抗运动性疲劳作用。     

Moderate inflammatory reaction during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis in primiparous cows

Nineteen primiparous cows were experimentally infected in 2 quarters with 1 x 10(4) (group A) or 1 x 10(6) (group B) cfu of Escherichia coli P4:O32 per quarter within 2 to 4 wk after parturition. Blood and milk samples were collected from all primiparous cows at regular time intervals from d -4 to d +3 relative to inoculation. Milk production rapidly decreased in both groups during E. coli mastitis, but recovery appeared to be faster in group B at d + 1 postinfusion (p.i.). The milk production losses in the noninfected quarters were substantial on the day of inoculation, which is probably due to pronounced systemic effects. However, on d + 2 p.i. milk production in the noninfected quarters nearly reached preinfection levels, indicating a moderate clinical severity following intramammary inoculation. None of the other severity criteria evolved towards a severe response pattern. Reticulorumen motility was inhibited in both groups during E. coli mastitis. The clinical episode was short lasting in both groups. Rectal temperature, heart rate, blood leukocyte count, number of colony-forming units, milk somatic cell count and several indicators for the disintegration of the blood-milk barrier returned to normal values within 24 to 72 h p.i. Primiparous cows reacted with a moderate inflammatory response following intramammary infusion with a relatively high dose of E. coli. Despite the use of a high inoculum dose, primiparous cows in both groups showed pronounced resistance against severe intramammary E. coli infection. A possible effect of the inoculum dose could be present, however, further research into the effect of the inoculum dose on the inflammatory response should be performed.     

Acute and Subacute Toxicity Assessment of Lutein in Lutein‐Deficient Mice

Dietary lutein consumption is lower than the actual recommended allowances to prevent macular degeneration; thus dietary lutein supplements have been recommended. This study aimed to investigate potential adverse effect of lutein from Tagetes erecta in lutein‐deficient (LD) male mice. Preliminary acute toxicity study revealed that the LD₅₀ exceeded the highest dose of 10000 mg/kg BW. In a subacute study, male mice were gavaged with 0, 100, 1000 mg/kg BW/day for a period of 4 wk. Plasma lutein levels increased dose dependently (P < 0.01) after acute and subacute feeding of lutein in LD mice. Compared to the control (peanut oil without lutein) group, no treatment‐related toxicologically significant effects of lutein were prominent in clinical observation, ophthalmic examinations, body, and organ weights. Further, no toxicologically significant findings were eminent in hematological, histopathological, and other clinical chemistry parameters. In the oral subacute toxicity study, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) for lutein in LD mice was determined as 1000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested.