一株里氏木霉产纤维素酶发酵条件的研究

对里氏木霉产纤维素酶的发酵条件进行研究,结果表明:产酶最佳碳源为2‰麸皮、最佳氮源为(NH4)2SO4、培养时间96～120h、发酵瓶装液量60ml、培养温度25～30℃、培养液初始pH4.5～5.0。     

绿色木霉发酵条件的优化

由于绿色木霉的广泛适应性、拮抗的多样性和寄生的广谱性,它是一种很有潜力的生防菌.木霉菌主要通过拮抗作用、竞争作用、重寄生作用、促生作用、溶菌作用等作用机制抑制病原菌的生长.本实验通过研究绿色木霉的最适发酵条件,从中找出合理的发酵条件用于工业化生产.不同的发酵条件会影响绿色木霉的抑菌效果.本实验研究了不同碳源、氮源、初始pH值、接种量、装样量、发酵天数等因素对木霉菌抑菌效果的影响.通过测定不同培养条件下绿色木霉的抑菌率,结果表明,碳源、氮源和pH等对绿色木霉的抑菌效果有明显影响.绿色木霉菌的最适碳源、氮源分别为3.0%葡萄糖和0.2%硫酸铵,在初始pH为6.0,接种量为6%,培养基装样为在250mL三角瓶中60mL装瓶量,和发酵周期为5天时,抑菌效果最佳.本研究结果为高效率、低成本、工业化生产具有生防作用的绿色木霉制剂提供了科学依据.     

绿色木霉菌液态培养条件的定向控制

目的:研究绿色木霉菌液态培养条件的定向控制技术.方法:以绿色木霉菌的孢子浓度为评价指标,从培养基和培养条件两方面研究绿色木霉菌的液态培养控制条件.结果:当接种量为8％时,选择蔗糖、马铃薯为绿色木霉菌液态培养基的碳源,蔗糖与马铃薯的质量配比为1∶10;以1％蛋白胨为氮源,培养基的pH 5.5,绿色木霉菌液态培养温度30℃,发酵周期5～7 d,孢子浓度在2.00×108 CFU/mL以上.结论:不同碳源、氮源及培养温度、培养基的pH对绿色木霉菌液态培养影响显著.本研究结果为进一步探讨绿色木霉菌及其代谢抗生物质对芒果采后炭疽菌的抑制作用机理提供了试验基础.     

木醋杆菌M096生产细菌纤维素的发酵条件

探讨温度、初始pH值、碳源和氮源对细菌纤维素产量的影响,以确定生产菌株发酵生产细菌纤维素的条件.结果显示,木醋杆菌M096发酵生产细菌纤维素的培养条件是:发酵温度25℃,初始pH值最适范围是5.8～6.6,最佳碳源为蔗糖且最适浓度是8%,最佳氮源为牛肉膏且最适浓度是1.5%.     

绿色木霉复合木聚糖酶的固态发酵条件优化

目的研究不同发酵条件对绿色木霉产复合木聚糖酶性能的影响。方法采用固体发酵培养方式,通过改变发酵条件,包括碳源、氮源的种类、浓度及接种量,测定相应条件下发酵产物的酶活性来确定发酵工艺。结果绿色木霉产酶的最佳碳源为玉米芯和麸皮(4∶6);氮源为硫酸铵(4%);接种量为1×107个孢子/g培养基。30℃固体培养70h,发酵后用无菌水(pH5.0)28℃浸提3h测定酶活性。结论在优化的培养条件下,木聚糖酶的最高酶活性达到267U/g。     

绿色木霉95106固态发酵生产纤维素酶条件优化研究

以稻草粉与麦麸为主料,对影响绿色木霉固态发酵生产纤维素酶的因素,如秸秆粉和麦麸的用量比、固液比、初始pH值、氮源及其浓度、发酵温度和时间等进行了研究.结果显示,稻草粉:友麸比为15∶5、料水比为1∶5、初始pH值为6.0、以0.25％尿素液为氮源、28℃培养72h的产酶活力最高,滤纸酶活和内切酶活分别比基础发酵条件下增加了1.21倍和0.726倍.该研究结果为高效率、低成本、工业化生产纤维素酶提供科学依据.     

木霉T68发酵基质的研究

以生物量(孢子量和菌丝体)为指标,菌落直径为参考,采用单因素和正交试验对木霉T68(Trichoderma"T68")的发酵条件进行优化.优化后的木霉发酵控制参数为固体培养最佳组合为pH7、30℃、7d,碳源为蔗糖,氮源为丙氨酸.最适T68菌丝生长的液体培养基是以玉米粉和麸皮分别作为碳、氮源,最佳培养基配方为麦麸30g/L,玉米粉30g/L,葡萄糖7.5g/L,KH2PO41g/L;发酵培养时间为3d;培养基的初始pH值为5.0～7.0;发酵温度为(30±1)℃;摇床转速为160r/min.最佳培养条件下菌丝干重为3.272g/L.     

一株绿色木霉产纤维素酶摇瓶发酵条件优化研究

本文研究了利用纤维素刚果红分离培养基从废纸液里筛选出一株纤维素酶高产菌株,经鉴定为绿色木霉。同时对绿色木霉摇瓶发酵产酶进行了条件优化,实验结果表明其最佳发酵条件为:碳源纤维素粉:麸皮为12g∶8g;氮源(NH4)2SO4:玉米浆:豆饼粉为2g∶2g∶1g;起始pH2.5;接种量8%;转速200r/min;乳糖诱导添加量0.2%;发酵时间4d。在最佳产酶条件下CMCA酶活达到735.06U/mL,比未优化条件下酶活234.21U/mL提高了213.8%。     

绿色木霉固态发酵纤维素酶生物量的测定及发酵培养基的初步优化

为了测定绿色木霉固态发酵纤维素酶的生物量，采用紫外分光检测固态发酵过程中麦角固醇的量．确定了其最佳提取工艺：在75℃恒温水浴中反应0．5h，用乙醚萃取，乙醇定容，紫外282nm检测．在此基础上对绿色木霉固态发酵的培养基进行了初步的优化，并得到了最佳的培养基组合：碳源为蔗糖，无机氮源为(NH4)2SO4，水料质量比为2．2，pH为5．5．用该培养基，CMC酶活和滤纸酶活分别比优化前提高了21．0％和44．1％．     

混合发酵法生产脐橙皮膳食纤维的研究

以绿色木霉和米根霉为发酵菌种,制备脐橙皮膳食纤维,以膳食纤维得率为参考指标,通过单因素及正交试验以优化最佳制备条件,结果表明:最佳制备条件为接种比例(绿色木霉∶米根霉)3∶2;发酵温度25℃;发酵pH值为6.5;发酵时间为3d.此时,所得的发酵产物中,SDF、IDF以及TDF得率分别为32.93％、49.87％、82.80％,持水力和溶胀性分别为6.12 g/g、15.29 mL/g.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.