牛仔织物防水防油整理

采用含氟乳液TG5541-A对牛仔布进行拒水拒油整理,通过单因素分析法讨论了含氟乳液质量浓度、交联剂质量浓度、焙烘温度、焙烘时间、整理方式等对牛仔织物拒水拒油性能的影响,采用正交试验优化工艺:含氟乳液TG5541-A质量浓度30 g/L,交联剂BN-69质量浓度2%,预烘温度110℃,预烘时间3 min,焙烘温度170℃,焙烘时间5 min;整理方式采用高压喷枪喷射工艺。整理后的牛仔布拒水拒油性能达到美国服装零售公司标准要求,但透气率略有下降。     

涤纶针刺滤料的拒水拒油整理工艺研究

使用FG-910含氟拒水拒油整理剂对涤纶针刺滤料进行拒水拒油整理,研究了在整理过程中五个主要因素对整理效果的影响规律,并进行了正交优化试验。结果表明:最佳的整理工艺参数是浸渍温度55℃、浸渍时间25 min、FG-910质量浓度60 g/L、焙烘温度150℃和焙烘时间150 s,在该条件下整理可使涤纶针刺滤料的拒水等级和拒油等级都达到8级,且透气率变化率达到18.75%,可有效地改善滤料的过滤性能。     

涤纶过滤材料包覆整理及性能研究

采用PTFE乳液对涤纶进行浸渍包覆,研究PTFE乳液的质量分数、浸渍时间、焙烘时间、焙烘温度等条件对涤纶及过滤毡性能的影响。SEM、傅里叶红外、DSC、TG等测试结果表明:纤维经过包覆整理(PTFE乳液质量分数为15%,焙烘时间为60 min,焙烘温度为120℃,浸渍时间3 min)后,平均断裂强力从16.07 cN提升到17.38 cN,耐温性从400℃上升到415℃;过滤毡的纵横向断裂强力都有所提升;对于粒径为1.0～1.5μm微粒的过滤效率由85%提高到100%,过滤性能提高。     

丙纶针刺滤料的PTFE乳液浸渍工艺研究

丙纶经针刺工艺加固,将所得的针刺滤料进行聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)乳液浸渍处理,研究乳液质量分数、浸渍时间、烘焙温度和烘焙时间四项工艺参数对滤料过滤性能的影响。正交试验结果表明:各参数对滤料过滤性能的影响程度为烘焙时间乳液质量分数浸渍时间烘焙温度;使针刺滤料过滤性能提高最大的工艺参数为乳液质量分数6%、浸渍时间7 min、烘焙温度135℃、烘焙时间4 min,所得针刺滤料的过滤效率提高76%,平均孔径减小7.866μm。     

苎麻织物与苎麻/棉混纺织物的防污整理

为了满足消费者对绿色卫生纺织品的需求,苎麻的防污整理应运而生。实验部分选用维多三防整理剂并以苎麻/棉混纺织物进行相应的对比,通过单因子实验和正交试验,得出苎麻织物的最佳整理工艺为:维多三防试剂质量浓度65 g/L,溶液pH值3,浴比1∶30,浸渍温度25℃、时间50 min,预烘温度80℃、时间5 min,焙烘温度165℃、时间1 min。苎麻/棉混纺织物的最佳整理工艺为:维多三防试剂质量浓度75 g/L,溶液pH值4,浴比1∶30,浸渍温度25℃、时间50 min,预烘温度80℃、时间5 min,焙烘温度155℃、时间1 min。     

亲水性低黄变有机硅柔软剂对棉织物整理的应用研究

采用自制亲水低黄变硅油乳液对白色棉织物进行整理,通过测试整理织物的手感、白度、润湿性、硬挺度等性能,得出其在棉织物上最佳整理工艺:乳液用量60 g/L、p H=6、一浸一轧、轧余率80%、预烘温度80℃、预烘时间2 min、焙烘温度140℃、焙烘时间80 s。结果表明,自制亲水低黄变有机硅柔软剂在手感和亲水性方面均优于市售亲水硅油。     

蚕丝絮片的阻燃整理研究

为了制备阻燃性能优良的蚕丝絮片,采用阻燃剂TEX-2对蚕丝絮片进行阻燃整理,研究了阻燃剂用量、浸渍时间、焙烘温度和时间等工艺参数对蚕丝絮片阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:在阻燃剂用量90 g/L、浸渍时间15 min、105℃预烘3 min、150℃焙烘60 s的条件下,整理后蚕丝絮片的极限氧指数为37.2%,损毁长度为11.7 cm,续燃时间为0 s,阴燃时间为0 s,具有较好的阻燃效果;阻燃整理对蚕丝絮片白度和强力有一定的影响。     

真丝织物的核壳型阻燃剂整理

采用自制的核壳型阻燃剂乳液,以浸渍法对真丝织物进行阻燃整理,探讨了焙烘温度、焙烘时间和pH值等因素对真丝极限氧指数、垂直燃烧性能、强力和白度的影响,并采用扫描电镜和微型量热仪对整理前后真丝织物的表面形态和燃烧性能进行分析。优化的阻燃整理工艺条件为pH值1,两浸两轧,80℃预烘3 min,130℃焙烘3.5 min。经该工艺整理的真丝织物,氧指数达到28.7,炭长达到12.2cm,强力和和度良好。     

有机氟防水剂在纯棉织物上的应用

探讨了有机氟防水整理剂用量、浸渍时间、焙烘温度和时间对纯棉织物防水效果的影响。优化工艺为纯棉织物→二浸二轧(含氟丙烯酸酯乳液50g/L,浸渍时间12min,轧余率80%)→预烘(80℃,4min)→焙烘(150℃,3min),处理后染色织物干、湿摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度均有所提高。     

纯棉机织物黏合衬的无甲醛防缩整理

采用无甲醛树脂Arkofix NZF对纯棉机织黏合衬进行防缩整理,探讨树脂和催化剂用量、pH值、焙烘温度和焙烘时间等因素对整理效果的影响。结果表明,无甲醛树脂Arkofix NZF的优化整理工艺为:树脂180 g/L,氯化镁15 g/L,pH值4.5,90℃预烘3 min,150℃焙烘3 min。整理后织物的经纬向尺寸变化率分别为-0.53%和-0.42%,白度86.7,经向强力保留率66.4%,达到优等品的要求。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.