汽车液压减振器热-机耦合动力学影响因素分析

建立考虑悬架系统振动、减振器机械阻尼特性、减振器发热及散热的汽车液压减振器热-机耦合动力学闭环系统的数学模型,分析车辆悬架系统参数、减振器结构参数及环境因素对减振器油液最终平衡温度及达到最终平衡温度所需时间的影响,为减振器设计提供理论指导.     

新型弧面摩擦阻尼器力学性能研究

为克服传统摩擦阻尼器自适应能力差及耗能能力低的缺点,提出了一种新型弧面摩擦阻尼器,该阻尼器的结构特征在于其摩擦板和滑块的滑移面均为弧形,两滑块之间装有压缩橡胶,阻尼器通过摩擦板与滑块之间的移动产生摩擦力实现耗能。建立了阻尼器的机理模型,并采用数值模型验证了机理模型的合理性,分析了加载频率和橡胶弹簧初始压缩量对阻尼器滞回阻尼特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：该新型阻尼器具有马鞍形滞回曲线,其摩擦力具有位移随变性;该阻尼器的耗能能力比传统摩擦阻尼器强,耗能能力最多提高了23.84%;其力学性能与加载频率相关性较小,而橡胶弹簧预紧力越大,阻尼器的滞回耗能能力越强。     

多层波纹钢板转子阻尼器能量耗散系数计算方法

多层波纹钢板转子阻尼器是利用干摩擦原理实现转子阻尼减振的支撑零件。这种阻尼器能在高低温等恶劣环境下工作,同时阻尼特性受转子偏心影响小,可以通过改变阻尼器钢板的厚度提高阻尼器的能量耗散性能。在有限元法和摩擦学原理的基础上进行理论分析,根据多层波纹钢板转子阻尼器的能量耗散分布,提出多层钢板阻尼器的能量耗散系数的计算方法。该方法首先通过有限元分析获得接触应力,然后采用Mindlin接触模型推导出两层干摩擦接触表面摩擦耗能的计算公式,最后得出转子阻尼器整体的能量耗散系数。试验证明了该计算方法是正确可行的,具有较高计算精度。     

多层滑动极板式电流变阻尼器的动力学建模

研制了一种多层滑动极板电流变阻尼器 ,并进行了阻尼器的动态特性实验。基于 Bingham塑性理论 ,提出了一种考虑电流变阻尼器的粘性阻尼和库仑阻尼效应的力学模型 ,该模型具有结构简单 ,模型参数少的特点。利用阻尼器动态实验数据 ,用参数优化方法对阻尼器力学模型进行了参数识别 ,仿真结果表明这种力学模型可以较精确地模拟该阻尼器的动态特性     

新型阻尼器的力学建模与试验

针对舰艇管路系统抗冲击的特殊要求,设计一种容量大、能量吸收率高的新型阻尼器,根据新型阻尼器结构的几何特征用数学的方法推导其力学模型,并由跌落试验进行验证。该力学模型中的参数由数值模拟阻尼力假定为常数的新型阻尼器和跌落台构成的单自由度系统确定,通过对新型阻尼器的跌落试验选用三个不同冲击速度时的阻尼力－速度曲线对模型参数已知的力学模型进行验证。将试验测得地阻尼力－速度曲线与该力学模型理论预测地阻尼力－速度曲线比较发现,二者吻合得很好,从而验证了该力学模型的可靠性。     

液压减振器散热性能研究

液压减振器是通过消耗机械能实现减振目的的装置,但目前其散热效果并不理想,温度升高导致了减振器整体性能下降。利用路面不平度激励模型、悬架系统振动模型、热量传递模型,通过能量守恒定律建立了液压减振器的热力学平衡数学模型。综合考虑油液泄漏特性、密封特性以及液压减振器阻尼性能界定其许用油温。对液压减振器散热参数进行了分析研究,且试验结果表明分析模型与设计方法正确,为减振器的设计提供参考。     

Performance-based optimal design of self-centering friction damping brace systems between recentering capability and energy dissipation

This paper deals with a novel type of the friction damping brace systems and its development using slip resistance for seismic retrofitting of damaged structures. In the system, slotted bolt holes are placed on the shear faying surface with a view to dissipating a considerable amount of passive energy. Superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) wire strands that enable self-centering mechanism and enhanced energy dissipation capacity are also installed between brace members. Self-centering friction damping braces (SFDBs) treated in this study have the desirable potential to efficiently reduce residual inter-story drifts in the braced frames during seismic events as compared to conventional passive damping systems. The SFDB system mechanism is described, and then its parametric study accounting for recentering capability and dissipative energy is carried out using numerical models that are calibrated with experimental data. Based upon the parametric investigation, this study suggests an optimal design methodology for establishing the smart self-centering bracing system.     

精铣削中抑制柔性工件颤振的阻尼器设计

针对精铣削过程中柔性工件的颤振抑制问题,提出了一种利用空气黏性的新型被动质量阻尼器。首先,该质量阻尼器由一个可在薄壁壳体内自由移动的圆柱形重物组成,通过重物和壳体之间的适当间隙提供了密集的能量耗散;其次,给出了该阻尼器的理论模型,并提出了一种合理的宽带调谐策略,使该阻尼器能够在较宽的工作范围内通过固定调谐来提供足够的阻尼效率。通过冲击实验和铣削实验对该阻尼器进行了有效性验证。结果表明:该阻尼器的临界轴向切削深度显著增加约100倍;与同等质量颗粒阻尼器相比,该阻尼器的阻尼效率明显提升,过度切削量减少了14倍;与传统调谐质量阻尼器相比,该阻尼器的峰值效率更小,但工作范围更大,因此适用于细长柔性工件的铣削加工。     

带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼的减振特性

传统碰撞阻尼的工作原理大都建立在动量交换、摩擦耗能的范围内,动量交换并没有将振动能量永久地消耗掉,摩擦对于高频振动具有较好的减振效果,而对于低频振动效果较差。为此提出一种以微细颗粒塑性变形将振动能量永久消耗掉的新型的碰撞阻尼,称为带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼。分别对在传统单体碰撞阻尼和带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼作用下悬臂梁减振效果进行试验研究。试验结果表明：以微细颗粒塑性变形消耗振动能量的带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼具有优秀的减振效果,远远超过传统单体碰撞阻尼器。带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼在低频振动(低于50 Hz)中仍然具有良好减振性能,这是其他碰撞阻尼所缺乏的特性。机械振动多为低频振动,带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼具有广阔的应用前景。     

Finite Difference Solution of Response Time Delay of Magneto-rhelological Damper

Magneto-rhelological(MR) dampers are devices that employ rheological fluids to modify their mechanical properties. Their mechanical simplicity, high dynamic range, lower power requirements, large force capacity, robustness and safe manner of operation in cases of failure have made them attractive devices for semi-active real-time control in civil, aerospace and automotive applications. Time response characteristic is one of the most important technical performances of MR dampers, and response time directly affects the control frequency, application range and the actual effect of MR dampers. In this study, one kind of finite difference solution for predicting the response time of magneto-rheological dampers from "off-state" to "on-state" is put forward. A laminar flow model is used to describe the flow in the MR valve, and a bi-viscous fluid flow model is utilized to describe the relationship of shear stress and shear rate of MR fluid. An explicit difference format is used to discretize the Novior-Stoks equation, and stability condition of this algorithm is built by Von-Neumann stability criterion. The pressure gradient along the flow duct is solved by a dichotomy algorithm with iteration, and the changing curve of the damping force versus time of MR damper is obtained as well. According to the abovementioned numerical algorithm, the damping forces versus time curves from "off-state" to "on-state" of a cylindrical piston type MR damper are computed. Moreover, the MR damper is installed in a material test system(MTS), the magnetic field in the wire circles of the MR damper is "triggered" when the MR damper is imposed to do a constant speed motion, and the damping force curves are recorded. The comparison between numerical results and experimental results indicates that this finite difference algorithm can be used to estimate the response time delay of MR dampers.     

孔隙式粘滞阻尼器的滞回曲线偏转特性研究

以双出杆式孔隙式粘滞阻尼器为例，在考虑介质压缩性的基础上，建立阻尼器的阻尼力计算模型。采用MATLAB-Simulink模型模拟了阻尼器在正弦位移激励信号下的运动情况，详细分析了阻尼器运行时的阻尼特性，仿真结果表明阻尼介质的体积弹性模量是影响负载-位移滞回曲线偏转的关键因素。使用阻尼器样机在不同工况下进行试验，试验结果与理论计算结果吻合良好，表明建立的阻尼力理论计算模型可以很好的预测阻尼器的力学性能，介质的可压缩性是影响滞回曲线偏转的关键因素。     

颗粒阻尼器损耗因子外因特性研究

对稳态能量流法测量阻尼损耗因子的原理进行了推导,采用稳态能量流法对某型颗粒阻尼器的阻尼损耗因子进行了实验研究。对粘贴有该颗粒阻尼器的钢板进行了振动仿真分析与实验相结合的研究,验证了稳态能量流法测量损耗因子方法的正确性。实验结果表明,该颗粒阻尼器的阻尼损耗因子随加速度变化呈现明显的“分段表征”特性,随频率变化呈现明显的“山脊”特性。对颗粒阻尼器表现出该特性的原因进行了理论分析。     

弹性约束下颗粒碰撞阻尼器的理论与实验研究

为进一步研究弹性约束颗粒碰撞阻尼器的减振性能,提出了该阻尼系统的动力学模型,并模拟了该阻尼器对悬臂梁的减振效果。同时,对5种不同刚度的弹性约束颗粒碰撞阻尼器的减振效果进行了实验研究。结果表明：理论计算与实验的结果基本吻合,证明所建立的弹性约束下的颗粒碰撞阻尼系统的计算模型是可靠的;在弹性约束下的颗粒碰撞阻尼系统中,其刚度比对减振效果的影响是非线性的,且弹簧刚度对该碰撞系统的共振点存在影响。     

斜拉索振动被动控制中电/磁流变阻尼器的最优阻尼器能量输入

研究了电／磁流变（ER／MR）阻尼器在恶劣条件下作为被动阻尼器使用时斜拉索的振动问题。对斜拉索和阻尼器的振动特性进行研究，采用Halmiton原理和模型识别技术建立斜拉索-阻尼器的非线性数学模型；采用随机噪声作为激励，通过不断调整阻尼器的能量输入，进行斜拉索-ER／MR阻尼器系统的振动被动控制试验。试验结果表明，存在一个最优的阻尼器能量输入，在该输入下能够有效地抑制斜拉索振动。根据所建立的非线性动力计算模型得到的计算结果与振动控制试验结果吻合良好。考虑到系统的非线性，研究了荷载大小和阻尼器安装位置对最优阻尼器能量输入的影响。研究结果为在恶劣条件下利用ER／MR阻尼器进行斜拉索振动被动控制时的阻尼器设计提供了依据。     

Modeling the fine particle impact damper

The fine particle impact dampers (FPIDs) using plastic deformation of fine particles as irreversible energy sink can exhaust much more vibration energy than single mass impact dampers (SMIDs) and thus can work well in low frequency domain. A numerical model is set up in this paper to capture the complex physics involved in the FPID. Experimental results on a cantilever beam with FPID showed good agreement with the model predictions. We show that in all cases the damping performances of the FPID are much better than that of the SMID, and fine particles enrolled in the FPID play a key role in vibration energy dissipation. The damper clearance and the mass ratio are two important parameters for the damping ability of the FPID, for which an optimal combination of them exists targeting the largest damping ability.     

飞机起落架磁流变减摆器的设计流程

随着对半主动控制材料磁流变液研究的不断深入,磁流变液阻尼器装置的应用变得更加广泛。为了设计出性能更优越的磁流变液减摆器装置,根据磁流变液阻尼器的一般设计方法,对磁流变减摆器的设计流程进行了研究,总结并提练出一套完整详细的设计流程,按照这套设计流程做了一个算例进行实验验证。通过对实验结果的分析,理论设计的最大出力与初始阻尼力及仿真计算结果与实验结果十分接近,尤其在高频率高振幅时,由实验数据处理得到的示功图也很光滑,表明设计出来的减摆器具有很好的耗能特性,验证了磁流变液减摆器设计流程的可行性。     

用于四连杆下假肢的孔隙结合式磁流变液阻尼器设计

磁流变液阻尼器具有阻尼可控、能耗低、对外界激励响应快等特点,因此基于磁流变液阻尼器的下假肢成为目前假肢应用领域的研究热点。现有磁流变液阻尼器体积较大且笨重,而且初始阻尼力较大,用于下假肢膝关节时无法对人体步态进行良好地模拟,从而降低了人体运动过程中的步态质量和患者的舒适程度。因此,提出一种应用在下假肢膝关节的孔隙结合式磁流变液阻尼器,孔隙结合式磁流变液阻尼器响应快、模拟出的步态拟人性强、结构轻巧、易更换、使用寿命长且价格低廉,可满足截肢患者对假肢的性能及外观要求。     

Fast drive of displacement magnification mechanism with flexure hinge using loading type impact damper

A displacement magnification mechanism which uses flexure motion guide using elastic hinges can realize smooth frictionless motion but has poor vibration damping capability. An impact damper is a damping mechanism which uses collision energy to dissipate vibration energy. If the damper is used for vibration control of the flexure mechanism, it may be able to dissipate unexpected vibration without killing the merits of the flexure mechanism. In the paper, a loading type impact damper is applied to settle down transient vibration of a displacement magnification mechanism. We investigate differences of damping effect by setting conditions of the damper. It is shown that the impact damper can eliminate residual vibration at step response effectively without steady state error. The experimental displacement magnification mechanism with impact damper can settle down less than 1/5 of the response without the damper under appropriate setting conditions. Influence of natural frequency ratio between damper and displacement magnification mechanism is investigated. Influences of indentation at impact point are also examined.     

Frequency properties of a dynamic damper with inertial transducer

The double-mass scheme of a dynamic damper, in which an inertial transducer is placed between an object and the damper, has been considered. The damper’s frequency properties are investigated. Resonant and antiresonant (damping) frequency distribution diagrams are constructed, depending on parameters. It is shown that, if the inertial transducer is lacking, the damping frequency adjoins the upper resonant frequency, and, when the inertial transducer’s mass increases, the damping frequency adjoins the lower resonant frequency. Examples of implementation of inertial transducers using mechanical and hydraulic devices are presented.