极薄切削的实验研究

从切屑生长的角度，对铝合金材料加工表面粗糙度影响因素作了理论和实验分析。在现有的条件下，获得了最小切削厚度为3－5nm的切屑，并且由实验得出，在加工参数中，进给量f对切屑的生成和已加工表面粗糙度的影响程度最大。     

钛合金深孔加工的试验研究

本文针对钛合金深孔加工中出现的切屑堵塞、导向条表面粘附和已加工表面粗糙度值高等问题,通过机理分析和实验对比的方法,对加工钛合金大口径深盲孔的刀具设计原则和加工工艺方面进行了较全面的研究,较好地解决了断屑不良、已加工表面粗糙度值高等问题。     

TC4钛合金干切削镗孔工艺参数优化研究

镗孔加工是影响飞机制造精度、效率和质量的关键工艺方法。而关键部位的干切削加工要求给TC4钛合金孔的镗削加工提出了新的技术挑战。本研究通过设计TC4钛合金高速干切镗孔正交实验，在镗孔尺寸精度满足要求的基础上，分析了工艺参数对刀具磨损、表面粗糙度、切屑形貌等关键结果和过程要素的影响规律，建立了对应的数值关系方程，开展了以切削效率为目标的工艺参数优化，优化后的工艺参数组合较原有工艺切削效率提升28.05%。开展优化后工艺参数镗孔验证实验，结果表明，刀具磨损量、表面粗糙度和切屑形貌等均达到加工要求。     

CBN砂轮超高速磨削条件下加工表面粗糙度的实验研究

在高速超高速磨削工艺实验基础上,分析了砂轮线速度、切削深度、最大未变形切屑厚度等工艺参数对45#钢、40Cr两种材料磨削表面粗糙度的影响,揭示了在高速超高速磨削条件下用CBN砂轮进行磨削时,表面粗糙度值随砂轮线速度的提高而减小,随切削深度及最大未变形切屑厚度增加而加大的变化规律和机理。为特定材料在高速超高速磨削条件下的加工提供了参考依据。     

切削参数对不锈钢加工表面粗糙度的影响

通过切削试验研究了进给量、切削速度、刀具圆弧半径以及切屑形态等四个因素对不锈钢加工表面粗糙度的影响规律,确定了降低表面粗糙度的切削参数优化组合。     

用普通麻花钻改制前排屑扩孔钻

在普通钻床或车床上用麻花钻进行扩孔时,切屑总是沿钻头的螺旋形容屑槽向后排出。这样,它有以下缺点: 1.由于切屑沿容屑槽向后排出,随着扩孔深度的增加,切屑长度在不断增长,随钻杆一起旋转甩出,经常拉伤工人,危及人身安全,影响生产。 2.因为向后排屑,切削液也随切屑一起被甩出工件,冷却不良,产生的热量散不出去,钻头寿命下降。由于钻头烧伤,影响了孔的表面粗糙度。此外,切屑沿已加工好的表面溢出容易划伤工件表面,影响表面粗糙度。     

ZL109铝合金切削加工表面粗糙度演变研究

轻质高强ZL109铝合金应用广泛，切削加工过程中易形成积屑瘤，导致加工表面粗糙度不受控。对ZL109铝合金切削加工表面粗糙度演变进行研究，通过改变背吃刀量和进给量，进行ZL109铝合金棒材切削加工，分析表面粗糙度的演变规律，并分析切削温度、表面微观形貌、切屑形态、刀刃损伤对切削表面粗糙度的影响规律。研究结果表明，加工表面粗糙度值随背吃刀量和进给量的增大而增大，且背吃刀量对表面粗糙度的影响较大。当进给量为0.25～0.5 mm/r,背吃刀量为0.25 mm时，加工表面粗糙度值最小，表面完整性最好，并且刀刃损伤程度最轻。     

镍基高温合金GH4169内孔超声波椭圆振动镗削实验

分析了超声波椭圆振动镗削加工原理,研究了超声波椭圆振动镗刀前刀面与切屑之间的分离特征和镗刀前刀面上摩擦力方向反转特征,提出了将超声波椭圆振动镗削技术用于镍基高温合金GH4169内孔加工中,以降低内孔表面粗糙度和提高加工精度.然后,通过镗削加工实验,比较了超声波椭圆振动镗削和普通镗削对难加工材料镍基高温合金GH4169内孔表面粗糙度、圆柱度和圆度的影响.实验结果表明超声波椭圆振动镗削加工获得的已加工表面粗糙度为Ra0.173 9 μm,比普通镗削内孔的表面粗糙度降低了一半以上,到了磨削水平;超声波椭圆振动镗削内孔的圆柱度值比普通镗削圆柱度值减少了近1 μm,圆度的平均值比普通镗削圆度的平均值减少了近一半,高温合金GH4169内孔镗削内孔的加工精度圆度得到了明显提高.     

陶瓷刀具高速车削铸铁切削性能实验研究

针对陶瓷刀具和铸铁材料的切削特点,从切削力、切削温度、表面粗糙度、切屑形态和刀具磨损5个方面进行铸铁高速车削实验研究。首先采用单因素实验,分析切削参数对切削力、切削温度、表面粗糙度的影响,并对切屑形貌进行分析探讨;进而采用正交实验进一步分析切削参数对切削加工性能影响的显著程度,并优选出最佳切削参数;最后在正交实验的基础上,对刀具磨损情况进行分析,证明陶瓷刀具高速车削铸铁的合理性。实验结果为进一步研究铸铁的高效切削、刀具磨损以及切削参数优化、新型陶瓷刀具的开发提供技术支持。     

电解机械复合抛光试验及其过程分析

通过研究工艺试验中的表面粗糙度和去除量随时间变化的关系,以及切屑微粒的形貌的提取分析,证明电解机械复合抛光的效率高于纯机械抛光和纯电解抛光,而且在其他工艺条件相同时可以获得更低的极限表面粗糙度值,但是在获得同样表面粗糙度时,复合加工单位面积去除的材料更多。切屑和加工后表面形态显示电解作用主要在工件表面的凸起棱边上,这正是复合加工较机械加工的优势所在。     

Determination of the important machining parameters on the chip shape classification by adaptive neuro-fuzzy technique

The main goal of the study was to analyze the influence of machining parameters on the chip shape classification. Straight turning of mild steel (A500/A500M-13) and AISI 304 stainless steel were performed to monitor the chip shapes. Cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cur and surface roughness of the material were used as inputs. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used in to determine the inputs influence on the chip shape classification. The selection process was performed to estimate the most dominant factors which affect the chip shape classification. According to the results surface roughness has the highest influence on the chip shape classification. The obtained model could be used as optimal parameter settings for the best chip shape classification.     

Analysis of surface roughness and cutting force when turning AISI 1045 steel with grooved tools through Scott–Knott method

The chip breaker presents an important role in chip control on turning operation, as well as a significant influence on cutting force, surface integrity, wear, and tool life. In this experimental study, the grooved chip breaker, feed rate, and cutting velocity influence on cutting force and surface roughness of turning process of AISI 1045 steel were investigated through a complete factorial design and the Scott–Knott method. The multiple comparison method of Scott–Knott was used to identify which combination of the factor levels was specifically different when a source of variation was statistically significant in ANOVA. This multiple comparison method was essential to choose an optimal combination between cutting conditions and chip breaker type assuring the lowest cutting force and surface roughness levels without ambiguity. The methodology proposed was effective at achieving process improvement.     

On the correlation between crystallographic grain size and surface evolution in metal forming processes

Today, there is an obvious trend for implementation of net shape or near net shape forming technology products in nearly all branches of industry. Often, these components underlie specifications in terms of surface quality. However, the surface topology will change during forming operations, and cause an effect called “surface evolution”. Especially in sheet metal forming processes increase in surface roughness, caused by the in plane plastic straining, is frequently observed. Contact loading is capable to decrease surface roughness. In sophisticated forming applications, like deep drawing and ironing of small tubular-like cups the surface evolution is quite dependent on the crystallographic grain size of the workpiece. With respect to this phenomenon, often the question arises whether there is a ratio of surface topology characteristics to grain size constituting the limit of a single grain's influence on roughness evolution. Therefore, in the present work fundamental analyses on the mechanisms governing surface evolution are conducted. The influence of crystallographic grain size and grain orientation on roughening as well as on roughness reduction is shown. Moreover, a correlation between surface topology, grain size and surface evolution is derived.     

Effect of cutting speed on surface integrity and chip morphology in high-speed machining of PM nickel-based superalloy FGH95

High-speed machining is being recognized as one of the key manufacturing technologies for getting higher productivity and better surface integrity. FGH95 powder metallurgy superalloy is a kind of nickel-based superalloy which is produced by near-net-shape technology. With increasing demands for high precision and high performance of FGH95 components in aerospace industry, it is essential to recognize that the machined surface integrity may determine machined part service performance and reliability. Then, little is known about the machined surface integrity of this superalloy. Thus, the surface integrity in high-speed machining of FGH95 is investigated in this paper. Experiments are conducted on a CNC milling center with coated carbide tools under dry cutting conditions. The surface integrity is evaluated in terms of surface roughness, microhardness, and white layer. The influence of cutting speed on chip morphology is also investigated. Experiment results show that surface integrity and chip morphology of FGH95 are very sensitive to the cutting speed. When cutting speeds are below 2,400?m/min, the values of surface roughness have little variation, while when cutting speeds are in the range of 2,800–3,600?m/min, the values of surface roughness are higher than that of other cutting speeds. Severe work hardening is observed resulting from high-speed machining of FGH95 superalloy. The higher the cutting speed, the higher the surface hardness. When cutting speeds are in the range of 2,800–3,600?m/min, the white layer thickness is slightly higher than that of other cutting speeds. In high-speed machining of FGH95, the chip is segmented and has a typical sawtooth shape. The degree of serrated chip increases with the cutting speed. When the cutting speeds exceed 2,400?m/min, serrated chips change into fragment chips.     

液氮低温切削钛合金实验研究

针对钛合金难加工特点,将液氮作为冷却介质直接喷向切削区进行钛合金TC4低温车削加工,测量其切削力、表面粗糙度和刀具磨损,并与干切削在相同实验条件下对比,分析低温切削对钛合金的影响。实验结果表明:低温切削钛合金,主切削力有所增大,但进给方向力减小,刀具磨损状况与表面质量得到改善,断屑相对容易。     

EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND TOOL SHAPE ON THE MACHINABILITY OF A PARTICULATE FILLED-POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR RAPID TOOLING

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effects of machining parameters (cutting speed, feed, depth of cut) and tool shape on chip formation, surface topography, resultant cutting force and surface roughness produced in flat and ball end milling of the Ren Shape-Express 2000™ aluminum particulate filled-polymer composite material. This material is shown to exhibit a brittle-to-ductile transition in chip formation with decreasing cutting speed. The transition is explained by the strain-rate sensitivity of the polymer matrix and is found to correlate well with a corresponding change in the surface roughness. The absence of clear feed marks on the milled surface explains why molds made from the composite material require less hand polishing than machined metal molds. The influence of cutting conditions and tool shape (flat end vs. ball-nose) on the cutting force, surface roughness, and workpiece breakout are discussed and relevant comparisons with conventional metal and polymer machining are made.     

铝合金超声波喷丸成形制件表面完整性研究

采用试验方法对AA2024-T351进行数控超声波喷丸成形,研究了超声波喷丸成形制件的显微硬度、残余应力场、表面形貌、表面粗糙度及半高宽等随超声波喷丸过程参数变化的规律,定性地探讨了AA2024-T351超声波喷丸后表面完整性的改善状况。结果表明:超声波喷丸后,制件的显微硬度得到了明显提高（最大增幅为20%）,同时在材料表面产生了一定厚度的硬化层（深度约为300μm）;制件内部引入数值较高、分布呈现梯度形式的残余压应力场,残余压应力场的临界深度在500~650μm之间,在距表面200μm处产生了最大残余压应力;制件表面形成一道道犁沟,表面喷丸区域的粗糙度Ra有一定程度的增大;制件表面层的半高宽值变大,深度在125μm左右,半高宽的增大表明材料冷作硬化程度加大、晶体内部位错密度有一定程度的增大。显微硬度的提高、残余压应力场的引入及表面层组织的细化有助于喷丸成形制件疲劳寿命、抗磨损和抗腐蚀性能的提高。     

高速铣削蠕墨铸铁的切屑形成及表面质量研究

蠕墨铸铁(Compacted Graphite Iron)因具有优异的综合力学性能而被广泛应用于汽车和机车行业。由于蠕墨铸铁的可加工性较差,在加工过程中仍然存在许多问题。本文通过单因素试验法,在不同切削速度/进给速度的组合下进行铣削试验,揭示了高速铣削蠕墨铸铁(RuT400)的切屑形成和工艺参数对表面质量的影响。通过测量铣削力和表面粗糙度,用最小二乘法建立工艺参数与铣削力和表面粗糙度之间的拟合方程,并从宏观和微观的角度观察切屑的形成。结果表明,拟合方程的铣削力和表面粗糙度与试验数据吻合度较高,可为铣削力和表面粗糙度预测提供参考。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察低切削速度和进给速率下产生的长卷型切屑,发现所有切屑均呈“C”形弯曲形状。切屑厚度和锯齿间距与进给速率的增加呈负相关,与切削速度的增加呈正相关。通过计算蠕墨铸铁的临界冲击速度并加以修正,得到了崩碎状切屑出现的实际临界冲击速度,为工艺参数优化和切屑形态变化预测提供了理论基础。     

陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮磨削超细晶粒硬质合金的表面粗糙度研究

本文结合单因素实验和正交实验,研究了从低速到高速磨削条件下,砂轮速度、进给速度、磨削深度、最大未变形磨削厚度以及磨削方式(顺磨或逆磨)对陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮磨削超细晶粒硬质合金表面粗糙度的影响规律,分析了影响超细晶粒硬质合金表面加工质量的原因。研究表明,总体来说磨削参数的变化对超细晶粒硬质合金表面粗糙度的影响程度不大。高速磨削时的表面粗糙度相比低速磨削得到了比较明显改善。逆磨时的粗糙度比顺磨大,随砂轮速度增加下降更快。相比传统硬质合金,磨削WC颗粒更细、强度更高的超细晶粒硬质合金的表面粗糙度更低。磨削参数对表面粗糙度的影响程度从小到大依次是磨削深度、砂轮速度和进给速度,实际加工时为同时获得较高的磨除率和表面质量,宜采用高砂轮速度、低进给和大切深的磨削组合。