微流道壁面粗糙度影响的电渗流数值模拟

基于微流控动力学理论,应用有限元分析方法求解二维平板粗糙壁面微流道模型内矩形截面双电层场和速度场的耦合控制方程。从数值模拟角度研究不同矩形粗糙元对称分布微流道内的电渗流流动特性,分析了粗糙度对微流体流动的影响机理。结果表明:由于粗糙元的阻力作用,粗糙壁面流道内流体速度减小,引起的压力突变导致壁面附近速度出现波动。随着粗糙元高度、宽度的增加,电渗流流速相应地降低或升高。     

微通道内电场频率对电渗流影响的数值模拟

为研究二维微通道内交变电场电渗流速度特性,以双电层P-B方程和粘性不可压缩流体N-S方程为基础,建立交变电场电渗流的数学模型。应用有限元方法,对不同频率的交变电场电渗流进行数值模拟。结果表明,交变电场电渗流速度分布呈"波浪状",微通道中心区域速度滞后于壁面附近,当流体离壁面距离增大时,流体流速的滞后量增大。电场频率小于1 000 Hz时,交变电场电渗流与稳定电场电渗流具有相似的速度分布。随着电场频率的增大,"波浪状"速度流型更为明显,并且双电层滑移速度减小,尤其当电场频率大于3 000 Hz时,双电层滑移速度迅速下降。     

平行板微通道内压力驱动流的流动机理

由于固-液界面双电层的作用,平行板微通道内的压力驱动流存在动电效应。平行板微通道可简化为二维截面,其截面上双电层电场和速度场的控制方程分别采用Poisson-Boltzmann方程和修正后的Navi-er-Stokes方程。应用有限元法对控制方程进行了数值求解,计算在微通道内流体的平均流速和动电效应形成的流动电势。研究表明,微通道高度和电解质溶液浓度是影响微流体流动的主要因素。动电参数越小,动电效应对微流体的影响越大,实际值偏离经典流体理论值越大;平均流速与通道两端的压力差线性相关。     

TWEO微流体驱动理论模型与实验研究

为研究行波电渗(TWEO)微流体驱动,在封闭微通道内TWEO微流体驱动进行了仿真和实验分析。根据双电层电荷分布规律,建立了行波电渗微流体驱动理论模型;通过对行波电渗电场和流场问题的求解,获得了封闭通道内流场仿真结果,并与实验结果相比较,验证了相关理论的正确性;对微通道内2/3高度处微流体流速进行仿真与实验结果分析,结果显示电渗流流速与频率的关系满足正态分布,为进一步展开对行波电渗微流体驱动及其在芯片实验室中的应用奠定了基础。     

非极性流体在微通道内的阻力特性分析

研究非极性流体在微通道内的流动特性。采用的微流动实验台通过测量不同极性液体流过矩形截面微通道中流量与压力,分析了不同极性流体的阻力特性。结果表明:对分子量较小的极性液体,微通道内流量-压差关系符合Hagen-Poiseuille定律,连续介质模型仍适用于微米尺度微通道;对分子量较大的非极性液体,常规理论在预测微通道内流量-压差、摩擦阻力系数-雷诺数关系时存在较大误差,须进行修正。     

微通道内交变电场电渗流有限元分析

基于有限元方法,以粘性不可压缩流体N-S方程和双电层P-B方程为基础,建立交变电场驱动微通道电渗流模型,并进行数值模拟,分析溶液浓度、电场强度和微通道高度对电渗流的影响。结果表明,微通道内双电层滑移速度与电场强度成正比,受微通道高度影响较小,随溶液浓度的增大非线性减小。同时,微通道高度和溶液浓度的增加使双电层相对厚度减小,交变电场电渗流瞬时速度的波峰更加尖锐。该结论为微通道内交变电场电渗流精确控制提供了理论参考。     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的分叉微通道内非牛顿流体流动特性研究

为探究分叉微通道内非牛顿流体的流动特性,将非牛顿流体幂律模型引入牛顿流体格子Boltzmann模型,在不同分叉角度矩形截面微通道内数值模拟不同质量分数剪切稀化流体的流动行为;通过分析流动过程中密度随时间的变化趋势以及稳态流动下的密度,得到微通道内压力的分布以及流动区间的压力降;分析溶液质量分数、入口速度与分叉角度对非牛顿流体流动特性的影响,探讨流体特性和微通道几何构型对非牛顿流体流动行为的影响机制。结果表明:分叉角度为90°的微通道内流体的压力降最小,当分叉角度大于90°时,压力降随着分叉角度的增大而减小,当分叉角度小于90°时,压力降随着分叉角度的增大而增大;流体入口速度和流体溶液质量分数增大,压力降均增大;流体溶液质量分数增大使得分叉角度和入口速度对出口处压力降的影响更为显著;微通道内各截面处压力降分布呈抛物线形。     

微通道内壁面粗糙度对电渗流影响有限元模拟

Lab-on-a-Chip(芯片实验室)系统迅速发展对微流体的研究提出更高的要求,微通道壁面粗糙度对微尺度下的流体存在显著影响。采用有限元模拟研究了壁面机糙度对圆形截面微通道内电渗流的影响机理。壁面粗糙度几何模型采用三角形波形并考察了微通道两端存在阻碍压力作用下的情况。结果表明,壁面粗糙度宽度和间隔增加时微通道中截面流速先减小后增加。相对粗糙度值在0.01～6%之间时截面流速随着相对粗糙度的增加非线性减小,但减小趋势变缓。相对粗糙度增加时压力与截面流速线的斜率减小,截面流速不易受压力变化的影响。     

基于ANSYS CFD的离心泵内部湍流数值模拟分析

叶轮是泵的核心部位,离心泵的性能参数主要包括流量、流体流速及压力,压力特性曲线的走向与叶轮的设计有重要的关系.观察离心泵的有限元分析曲线,可以准确、直观地得到叶轮内部流体的流速、压力曲线分布及内部受力情况.为了分析离心叶轮内液体流动特性,采用扩展的标准k-ε湍流方程与Smplec算法,应用流体动力学软件Fluent,对离心泵叶轮内流体流动时流体产生的湍流及压力分布进行了数值模拟,分析离心泵中流体的速度、湍流及压力场分布,最终得出叶轮的最优化设计.     

微注塑充模流动过程熔体黏度影响规律的数值模拟

微型塑件注射成型充模流动过程中,与宏观塑件相比,塑料熔体黏度随剪切速率的变化对流动的影响有很大的不同.对比微观和宏观黏度模型,运用流体分析软件Fluent,对微注塑充模流动过程熔体黏度的影响规律进行了研究.分析了熔体黏度的分布规律,结果表明微尺度降低了熔体黏度.研究了微尺度熔体黏度模型对熔体速度场、温度场和压力场的影响规律,结果表明:微尺度黏度模型的速度相对较大,近壁面区熔体温度相对较高,对微通道中的压力分布几乎没有影响.总体而言,由于通道微尺度而造成的熔体黏度变化有利于微注塑成型.     

Three-dimensional MHD simulations of the electromagnetic flowmeter for laminar and turbulent flows

The interaction between an electrically conducting fluid and an external magnetic field in an ideal cylindrical electromagnetic flowmeter is numerically investigated for both laminar and turbulent flows. Induced electric potential in the fluid, and the difference in potential at the measuring electrodes are directly obtained by including MHD effects in the CFD simulations. Fully developed laminar and turbulent flows are simulated. The computed electric potential difference on the electrodes agrees with analytical values for small Hartmann number cases, where the induced Lorentz force is small. Turbulent flow produces a more uniform electric potential distribution in the flow meter cross-section than laminar flow. These integrated MHD/CFD simulations couple the MHD effect with flow dynamics without deriving a weighting function with an assumed velocity profile, which will be necessary for electromagnetic flow meters when the Hartmann number is not small.     

Effects of the Reynolds number on two-dimensional dielectrophoretic motions of a pair of particles under a uniform electric field

This paper presents two-dimensional direct numerical simulations to explore the effect of the Reynolds number on the Dielectrophoretic (DEP) motion of a pair of freely suspended particles in an unbounded viscous fluid under an external uniform electric field. Accordingly, the electric potential is obtained by solving the Maxwell’s equation with a great sudden change in the electric conductivity at the particle-fluid interface and then the Maxwell stress tensor is integrated to determine the DEP force exerted on each particle. The fluid flow and particle movement, on the other hand, are predicted by solving the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations together with the kinetic equations. Numerical simulations are carried out using a finite volume approach, composed of a sharp interface method for the electric potential and a direct-forcing immersed-boundary method for the fluid flow. Through the simulations, it is found that both particles with the same sign of the conductivity revolve and eventually align themselves in a line with the electric field. With different signs, to the contrary, they revolve in the reverse way and eventually become lined up at a right angle with the electric field. The DEP motion also depends significantly on the Reynolds number defined based on the external electric field for all the combinations of the conductivity signs. When the Reynolds number is approximately below Re_cr ≈ 0.1, the DEP motion becomes independent of the Reynolds number and thus can be exactly predicted by the no-inertia solver that neglects all the inertial and convective effects. With increasing Reynolds number above the critical number, on the other hand, the particles trace larger trajectories and thus take longer time during their revolution to the eventual in-line alignment.

     

Design,fabrication and experimental investigation of a planar pump using electro-conjugate fluid

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental investigation of a novel planar pump using electro-conjugate fluid. The electro-conjugate fluid (ECF) is a kind of dielectric functional fluid which generates a powerful jet flow (ECF-jet) when a static electric field is applied via a pair of rod-like electrodes. This phenomenon that ECF can generate jet flows from the positive electrode to the ground electrode in an applied electric field is called the ECF effect, and converts electric energy directly into kinetic energy of the fluid. The ECF-jet acts directly on the working fluids; therefore, the proposed planar ECF pump requires no moving parts and produces no vibration or noise. The fabricated planar ECF pump consists of three parts: a pump base, a top cover, and an electrode substrate with dimensions of 280 mm × 190 mm × 1 mm. In this paper, five different electrode patterns and three different flow channel heights were investigated for the realization of a high-performance planar ECF pump. Each array of electrodes was patterned on the glass epoxy substrates using a wet-etching process, and the flow channel heights were either 200 μm, 300 μm, or 500 μm. The pumping experiments used FF-1_EHA2 as the working fluid. Experimentation showed that a no-load flow rate of 5.5 cm³/s, maximum output pressure of 7.2 kPa, and maximum output power of 11.6 mW were achieved at an applied voltage of 2.0 kV.     

被分析物在微流体器件中的分散特性

与电场驱动方式相比,采用压力驱动方式实现对微流体的控制,具有简单方便和适应性广等特点,但微流体的流动特性也更为复杂。在分析研究微流体一被分析物在流场中分散机理的基础上,针对具有窄缝形状的Y型微流体器件中两种同物性流体的流动特性,采用平均分析法,对微型矩形窄缝中的压力流的传质现象进行了初步研究,提出二维分析模型,并导出了其分析解。     

EHD空气泵气流加速分析

为了得到更高的空气放电离子风速度和流量,对基于空气放电离子风技术的电流体动力学(EHD)空气泵气流加速机理进行了微观说明和宏观分析。在理想流体下,对EHD空气泵进行数学建模,应用Matlab软件对EHD空气泵电气耦合过程进行了理论探讨。并建立了多极静电空气泵气流加速系统模型。研究结果表明EHD空气泵极间距、极间夹角、极间电压值和极间电流对气流速度影响较大,为后续实验研究提供理论基础。     

AFFECTION OF ER FLUID ON STIFFNESS OF VIBRATION SYSTEM

On the application of an electric field, the mechanical properties of ER(Electro-rheological) fluid are very complex. The damping force of ER fluid is linear without electric field and is nonlinear when an electric field is applied. By increasing the strength of the electric field, the behavior of ER fluid changes from linear viscous to nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic. External electric fluid changes natural behavior of system with ER fluid besides the mechanical properties of ER fluid. The affect of ER fluid on the stiffness of nonlinear vibration system with ER dampers is analyzed by iterative perturbation method. The results show that the stiffness of structure would be increased with growing of the strength of the electric field.     

Magnetohydrodynamic flows in a dis-aligned duct system under a uniform magnetic field

In the present study, three-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Liquid-metal (LM) flows in a dis-aligned duct system under a uniform magnetic field are investigated by numerical method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out to analyzed the characteristics of the MHD flows and to examine the inter-relationship of the LM velocity, current density, electric potential and pressure, using CFX. The duct system consists of two dis-aligned parallel channels (One inflow channel and one outflow channel) and one channel connecting the above channels. In the present study, cases with different lengths of the connecting channel are considered. Because of the inertial force therein, a velocity recirculation is found in the region just after the first turning, resulting in a region of peak value in electric potential together with complex distribution of the current. Also, another velocity recirculation is seen in the region just after the second turning, creating another region of peak value in electric potential. In a situation where the magnetic field is applied in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the main flow in a dis-aligned duct system, until the fluid reaches an edge, the velocity component parallel to the magnetic field converges, with an increasing in the peak value of the side layer velocity, and then, after the fluid passes the edge, the velocity component parallel to the magnetic field diverges, with a decrease in the peak value of the side layer velocity. Oppositely, until the fluid reaches a corner, the velocity component parallel to the magnetic field diverges, with a decrease in the peak value of the side layer velocity, and then, after the fluid passes the corner, the velocity component parallel to the magnetic field converges, with an increase in the peak value of the side layer velocity. It is found that this type of velocity pattern is closely associated with the current distribution in the region of right-angle segments in the sense that the magnitude of the electromotive component of electric current is proportional to the fluid velocity.     

Dielectrophoretic motions of multiple particles and their analogy with the magnetophoretic counterparts

To investigate the dielectrophoretic motions of multiple particles, we have performed the so-called direct numerical simulations on two-dimensional flows involving inertialess dielectric particles of two to five suspended in a viscous fluid under a uniform external electric field and then compared the results with those of the corresponding magnetophoretic counterparts. For the simulations, the electric field (or the force acting on each particle) is described by the numerical solution of the Maxwell equation (or Gauss??s law), where the smoothed representation technique is employed to tackle the jump of electric conductivity across the particle-fluid interface. The flow field, on the other hand, is described by the solution of the continuity and momentum equations, where one-stage smoothed profile method is employed to satisfy the no-slip condition at the interface. In all the simulations, the particles are initially equi-spaced on a circle with an origin at the center while a uniform electric field is externally imposed. Results show that all particles move with repelling or attracting one another depending on the locally nonuniform electric field formed due to the presence of multiple particles. Consequently, they become clustered largely into two groups, then revolve in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and finally get aligned in a line with the field direction. One exception is their initial configuration which is symmetric with respect to the axis perpendicular to the electric-field direction, where all the particles move eternally far away from one another with keeping the symmetry. In addition, it is found that the two-dimensional relative motions of dielectric particles under a uniform external electric field are qualitatively in fairly exact agreement with those of paramagnetic particles suspended in a nonmagnetic fluid under a uniform external magnetic field.     

钛合金薄壁曲面液态金属-磨粒流加工仿真与试验研究

针对钛合金薄壁曲面工件磨粒流抛光后表面粗糙度分布不均匀的问题,提出一种基于液态金属的磨粒流加工方法。基于SST k-ω模型、OKA冲蚀模型,流体流动颗粒追踪模型,采用COMSOL有限元软件对不同电场布置下的液态金属-磨粒流动力学特性开展深入研究。仿真结果表明,通过电场的合理布置可以控制液态金属颗粒在流场中运动;合理的电场布置可以有效提高工件表面加工均匀性,并通过仿真得出了一组冲蚀较好的试验参数。基于仿真结果开展了液态金属-磨粒流加工试验,试验结果表明：液态金属-磨粒流加工方法可有效提高工件表面加工的均匀性。在加工14 h后,不加电场的磨粒流加工表面不同区域的粗糙度分布不均,工件凹陷处粗糙度明显大于凸起处,各区域表面粗糙度极差达到66.1 nm。使用液态金属-磨粒流加工后的工件表面各区域粗糙度的均匀性明显提高,各区域表面粗糙度极差减小为20.3 nm,为液态金属-磨粒流加工的开展及其调控提供了理论和试验依据。