特种材料HR-1挤压珩磨工艺研究

挤压珩磨是一种利用半流体磨料流反复挤压被加工表面而遮列研抛、去毛刺目的的新技术.针对抗氢钢(HR-1)的抛光难题进行珩磨加工实验,并采用扫描电镜分析表面形貌的方法及挂水检测法对抛光后零件的洁净度进行对比分析,结果表明:采用挤压珩磨抛光回转类零件外形曲面,其表面粗糙度能稳定地由Ra1.6 μm达到Ra≤0.1 μm,且磨料组成对表面洁净度无影响.挤压珩磨抛光后零件的表面粗糙皮与工件原姑表面粗棱度有关,原始表面粗糙皮越高,挤压珩磨抛光后表面粗糙度越高.更换磨料可实现用粗、精抛的挤压珩磨抛光方法替代手工抛光.     

一种曲面抛光装置的研制与试验研究

随着全球技术革新的不断发展,精密零件的工艺性能日益提升,同时对于超精加工的要求也越来越高,尤其是复杂的曲面类零件很难加工。本文针对曲面类零件具有多曲率的特性,研制出能够抛光曲面的新型抛光装置,可以实现曲面类零件高效和高质量的抛光。通过试验研究发现,不同抛光速度和磨料浓度对表面粗糙度、材料去除率及表面质量影响很大,使用新型的装置抛光曲面类零件,工件表面粗糙度可以达到Ra 10nm左右,达到了镜面的效果。     

机器人复杂曲面磨抛系统的构建及实验

针对机器人磨抛加工缺少工程实践的问题,根据人工砂带磨抛生产线,结合工业机器人的应用,设计并搭建了工业机器人复杂曲面砂带磨抛自动化生产系统。利用Robot Studio建立了该系统的模拟仿真环境,实现了加工轨迹的离线编程和在线模拟。以水龙头磨抛为对象进行加工检测,在粗磨和细磨后工件表面分别获得Ra=2.2672um和Ra=0.7616um的表面粗糙度。该结果完全满足零件表面磨抛加工要求,为工业机器人砂带磨抛系统的自主研发提供了理论依据和实验参考。     

液压管路中连接头的磨粒流加工实验研究

针对液压管路中连接头零件管道内壁光整加工的问题,以液压管路接头零件为研究对象,对采用磨粒流光整加工液压管路连接头内壁的加工机理、加工工艺进行了研究。根据零件材料硬度选择了试验磨粒,通过对比加工磨料对管壁表面质量和材料去除量的影响,得到了适用的液压管路连接头加工磨粒和工艺参数;分别选用碳化硅和金刚石作为加工磨粒,通过实验分析了磨粒流加工中磨粒对零件内壁表面的形貌、表面粗糙度、材料去除量的影响。研究结果表明:磨粒流加工可以有效降低管道内表面粗糙度,粗糙度值由原始的400 nm～500 nm下降到200 nm以下;相比金刚石磨粒,采用碳化硅磨粒加工后形成的零件内壁表面粗糙度更低,且粗糙度值分布均匀性更好,材料去除效率更高。     

6061铝合金径向超声振动车削的表面完整性研究

为研究径向超声振动参数及切削参数对车削6061铝合金表面残余应力、表面粗糙度以及表面形貌的影响,采用与普通车削进行对比的方法对6061铝合金进行纵向超声振动切削试验。结果表明:与普通车削相比,径向超声振动辅助车削能显著提高零件加工表面的残余压应力;在两种切削方式下,表面残余压应力均随切削速度的增加而增大;在相同切削参数下,随着径向超声振幅的增加,6061铝合金加工表面的残余压应力变大;与普通车削相比,径向超声振动车削使工件表面的粗糙度变大,并且伴随振幅的增加,表面粗糙度呈上升趋势;通过对加工表面的三维形貌进行观测发现,超声振动辅助车削能有效抑制传统车削加工中的积屑瘤和鳞刺等表面缺陷,并显著提高加工表面质量。     

超声滚压对铝合金表面质量和耐磨性影响研究

使用多珠平面滚压加工刀具对叉车举升液压缸表面实施滚压加工和超声滚压加工。通过激光共聚焦显微镜、光学显微镜和显微硬度仪对加工后的试样进行表面三维形貌、金相组织和硬度表征的研究。开发相应的分子动力学模型并对加工前后的试样进行干摩擦试验,对比研究超声滚压对液压缸铝合金表面摩擦磨损性能的影响。试验结果表明,与滚压加工相比,超声滚压加工进一步降低了表面粗糙度。磨损结果表明,超声滚压加工改变了试样表面的微观结构,改变了试样的磨损机制,提升了试样的抗磨损性能,可有效提高液压缸使用寿命,降低泄漏量。     

高速铣削铝合金叶片表面质量的试验研究

使用硬质合金球头铣刀对铝合金叶轮叶片进行了高速铣削试验。研究了切削速度和进给量对加工表面粗糙度的影响。试验结果表明:在高速加工中,每齿进给量比铣削行距对加工表面质量的影响更大;提高切削速度和减少每齿进给量有利于降低加工表面粗糙度。但当切削速度超过某一范围后,进一步提高速度对降低表面粗糙度的作用并不明显;每齿进给量减小到一定范围后,表面粗糙度反而会有所增加;对于铝合金叶片曲面的加工,合理选择切削速度、进给量和行距可获得较低的表面粗糙度值和较高的加工效率。     

超声铣削铝合金表面微观形貌实验分析

使用超声振动辅助铣削和普通铣削两种方式对7075铝合金进行加工,分别以转速、振幅、每齿进给量为变量设计单因素实验,使用超景深测试仪、白光衍射仪观测加工表面的形貌,对比不同加工方式和不同参数下工件表面的粗糙度值和微观形貌,对产生该形貌的原因以及该形貌的特征进行分析。实验表明:在相同转速和进给量条件下,使用较小超声振幅加工的工件,其表面粗糙度值低于普通铣削方式;超声振动辅助铣削方式会使工件表面产生均匀、整齐的鳞状网格结构;加工参数不同,造成表面形貌产生明显的差异。     

基于新节点算法的曲面加工工艺研究

通过对典型的局部回转类曲面的数控加工工艺进行分析,提出新的节点计算方法。在此基础上利用宏子程序进行数控编程,采用行切法切削加工。该方法简便易行,且能保证零件的表面粗糙度和加工精度。     

42CrMo钢多工步车削加工表面完整性研究

对42CrMo合金结构钢进行了车削加工试验,探究了精加工切削速度及加工步数对表面完整性的影响规律。从表面粗糙度、显微硬度及残余应力三个方面对加工表面完整性进行了测试与表征,并对加工表面层横断面进行了扫描电镜SEM形貌分析。结果表明,在v_c=150~300m/min范围内,随着切削速度的增加,加工表面粗糙度和表面硬化程度降低,加工残余应力增大,因此可适当增大切削速度以提高加工表面完整性。两工步精加工在高切削速度下,表面粗糙度和硬化程度较小,且残余应力相比单工步和三工步加工增幅不大,可获得较优的加工表面完整性。     

Influence of process parameters on surface roughness of aluminum parts produced by DMLS

Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is an additive manufacturing technique for the fabrication of near net-shaped parts directly from computer-aided design data by melting together different layers with the help of a laser source. This paper presents an investigation of the surface roughness of aluminum samples produced by DMLS. A model based on an L₁₈ orthogonal array of Taguchi design was created to perform experimental planning. Some input parameters, namely laser power, scan speed, and hatching distance were selected for the investigation. The upper surfaces of the samples were analyzed before and after shot peening. The morphology was analyzed by means of field emission scanning electron microscope. Scan speed was found to have the greatest influence on the surface roughness. Further, shot peening can effectively reduce the surface roughness.     

航空铝合金激光喷丸强化研究

研究激光喷丸的机理及涂层和约束层的应用技术。针对LY2航空铝合金材料，进行试件激光喷丸实验，通过对激光喷丸前后材料性能的测试，分析激光喷丸对提高航空铝合金材料抗疲劳、抗打伤性能的影响，并分析原因。     

大型铝合金薄壁回转体零件表面粗糙度与切削三要素对应关系研究

铝合金薄壁回转体零件广泛应用于核工业、石油化工、航天等众多领域。但其刚性差、硬度低,加工时易产生变形,尤其是大型薄壁件较难保证设计要求的精度和表面粗糙度,因此其切削加工一直是一个难点。针对该类零件精度稳定性差、表面粗糙度不易保证、生产效率低的现状,通过正交试验分析,应用多元线性回归方法拟合出粗糙度公式,得到了大型薄壁回转体零件表面粗糙度与切削三要素对应关系,得出粗糙度的变化规律曲线,从而为切削参数优化控制表面质量提供了理论依据。     

Effect of waterjet peening on aluminum alloy 5005

The present study addresses the effect of waterjet peening parameters on aluminum alloy 5005. The approach was based on the response surface methodology utilizing the Box–Behnken experimental design. Workable empirical models were developed to predict surface roughness (R _a ) and hardness (HV). Increasing the number of passes, pressure, and standoff distance produces a higher surface roughness as well as a higher hardness. On the contrary, increasing the feedrate produces a lower surface roughness and hardness. The developed empirical models for R _a and HV have reasonable correlations between the measured and predicted responses with acceptable coefficients of determinations. A different set of optimum parameters was generated based on different desirability functions for each response. The predicted and the actual responses for optimized R _a and HV are satisfactory with good reliability. It is shown that the models are workable in predicting the responses of R _a and HV in the present research. A proper selection of peening parameters can be formulated to be used in practical works.     

激光喷丸强化系统协调控制方法与实现

针对复杂型面工件激光喷丸强化应用中对加工点位精度的要求以及激光脉冲触发时间点需要与工业机器人调姿到位时间点精确匹配,提出激光脉冲与工业机器人协调控制方法。通过脉冲能量检测实现出光快速反馈,并基于EKI接口通讯实现KUKA机器人运动控制及到位反馈,完成激光脉冲与工业机器人点位运动闭环匹配。在此基础上研制激光喷丸强化工艺系统,主要包含激光光源、工业机器人、传输光路、工艺辅助模块以及上位机控制平台。以平面点阵坐标进行协调控制实验及对整体叶盘进行激光喷丸强化实验。结果表明,本系统具备较好的激光脉冲-工业机器人协调控制精度,能自动完成激光喷丸强化工艺流程,具有对复杂型面工件的激光喷丸强化能力。     

Evaluation of roughness, hardness, and strength of AA 6061 molds for manufacturing polymeric microdevices

In the manufacturing of polymeric microfluidic devices, micro-molds play a key role because they determine not only the manufacturing cost but also the quality of the molded parts. Recently, a high-quality aluminum alloy 6061 (AA6061) mold with fine features less than its grain size has been fabricated economically by a hot embossing technique. However, temperature cycling during hot embossing process in mold manufacturing reduces significantly the original tensile strength and hardness of the AA6061-T6 alloy substrate, which is not desirable. In this study, a tempering process is carried out to recover the tensile strength and hardness of the embossed mold. To evaluate the changes of these properties, surface roughness, tensile strength, and hardness values were measured in each stage: (1) before hot embossing, (2) after hot embossing, and (3) tempering to T4 and tempering to T6. The results obtained demonstrate that the original strengths and hardness can be fully recovered by a post-tempering process after hot embossing, but with an increase in surface roughness. Moreover, accelerated testing was carried out to evaluate the changes in hardness and roughness of AA6061-T4 and T6 molds under the typical hot embossing temperature cycles of manufacturing polymeric devices. The results obtained indicate that these temperature cycles have only a minor effect on the roughness of both T4 and T6 molds and will increase the hardness of T4 molds to T6 temper, and have negligible effect on the hardness of a T6 temper mold.     

Empirical modeling of shot peening parameters for welded austenitic stainless steel using grey relational analysis

The attempt of this paper is to present an effective approach for the optimization of the shot peening process of welded AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel with multi performance characteristics using Grey relational analysis (GRA) based on Taguchi orthogonal array. Twenty-seven experimental runs are performed to determine best process parameters level. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is carried out to identify significant peening parameters. The response tables are obtained for analyzing the optimal levels of shot peening parameters and major factors that affect the quality function. The multiple performance characteristics including tensile strength, surface hardness and surface roughness are the quality functions considered for the optimization. Further mathematical models are developed using regression analysis for the tensile strength, surface hardness and surface roughness. It will be very helpful to the engineers in deciding the levels of the shot peening parameters for desired performance characteristics.     

Impact of surface hardening treatment generated by shot peening on the fatigue life of brass alloy

Brass alloy is widely used because of some attractive properties such as high electrical and thermal conductivity. But its fatigue performance after surface treatment is not very well explored in literature. Thus, in the present work, particular emphasis was given to the influence of surface treatment by shot peening on the fatigue life of brass alloy, throughout surface roughness and microstructural evolution. Fatigue tests were performed on unpeened, peened and peened then polished specimens. Various times of surface hardening treatment as 30, 60 and 120 min were considered. Experimental results reveal that the fatigue life of peened brass alloy decrease for all studied hardening treatment conditions. Surface roughness and microstructural properties showed large sensitivity to the shot peening process of brass alloy.     

Surface characteristics of aluminum 6061-T6 subjected to Nd:YAG pulsed-laser irradiation

The objective of this study was to investigate the surface characteristics of an aluminum 6061-T6 alloy subjected to Nd:YAG pulsed-laser irradiation. The test specimens were prepared by a mechanical polishing process using diamond paste and emery polishing paper to obtain different levels of initial surface roughness. After ten pulsed-laser shots, the surface morphology was observed via optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nano-indentation hardness testing was also conducted on the irradiated surface. The diameter of the melted zone increased with surface roughness because of the multiple reflection and absorption of the laser beam. The relative absorbance was measured as a function of the diameter of the melted zone with varied surface roughness.     

高速铣削7050-T7451铝合金表面粗糙度研究

高速铣削广泛用于航空铝合金材料的加工,以7050-T7451铝合金材料为试验对象,运用正交试验方法分析研究了铣削该铝合金材料时,切削速度、切削深度、切削宽度和每齿进给量4个因素对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并通过多元非线性回归分析得出表面粗糙度的经验公式.研究结果表明:加工表面呈交叉织网状形貌,表面粗糙度随每齿进给量和铣削深度的增大而增大,随切削速度的增大而减小,切宽对铝合金表面粗糙度的影响不明显.铣削参数对表面粗糙度的影响显著性依次为:每齿进给量fz切削速度v轴向切削深度ap径向切削宽度ae.