共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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基于超声无损检测理论,研究金属板材弯曲疲劳引起的超声非线性波动规律,建立相对非线性超声系数β′、δ′与基波、谐波幅值定量关系。利用位错模型解释了金属材料存在晶格微缺陷或应力时,超声二阶与三阶非线性系数β、δ的变化趋势。建立非线性超声检测系统,测量GH4169高温合金板材疲劳弯曲试验过程中超声相对非线性系数β′、δ′的变化趋势。实验结果表明:随着疲劳寿命的增加,相对非线性系数单调增加。二阶与三阶相对非线性系数与疲劳寿命关系转折点分别出现在疲劳寿命80%左右和60%左右。在第一阶段相对非线性系数随着疲劳寿命单调增大,在第二阶段相对非线性系数随着疲劳寿命增加出现波动或保持不变,甚至出现下降现象。对于二阶相对非线性系数,实验曲线与位错综合模型预测数据具有较好的一致性。对于三阶相对非线性系数,实验曲线与位错偶模型预测数据具有较好的一致性。 相似文献
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螺栓轴向应力的非线性超声检测技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在工作过程中,螺栓常受到轴向应力的作用,作为最常见的紧固件之一,螺栓的服役质量对于安全生产至关重要。非线性超声技术对材料内部微结构的变化敏感,在检测螺栓轴向应力方面有极大的潜力。根据超声波在各向同性材料内部的传播规律,分析了非线性系数与基波幅值以及高次谐波幅值之间的关系,搭建了非线性超声检测系统。以45钢和304不锈钢材质的螺栓为研究对象,对不同轴向应力下的螺栓进行非线性超声检测,得到非线性系数与螺栓轴向应力之间的关系曲线。结果表明,螺栓的超声非线性系数随轴向应力的增大而单调增加,当轴向应力超过一定值时,非线性系数显著增大,说明非线性系数对应力变化敏感,可以用来表征螺栓的轴向应力。通过对相对非线性系数进行归一化和多项式拟合,得到螺栓轴向应力与归一化相对非线性系数之间的函数关系,然后采用非线性超声和线性体波检测两种方法对电子拉伸试验机施加的螺栓轴向应力进行检测验证试验,200 MPa以上的轴向应力采用非线性超声检测误差在6%以下,明显优于线性超声体波检测,研究结果为服役状况下螺栓的轴向应力检测提供了有效支撑。 相似文献
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金属材料力学性能退化非线性超声检测实验系统优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
材料早期力学性能退化总是伴随着某种形式的材料非线性力学行为,从而引起超声波传播的非线性,即高频谐波的产生.查超声非线性系数非常小,易被测量系统的非线性干扰淹没.通过实验仪器的选择和夹具的设计,改进了一套非线性超声测试实验系统.在相同条件下测得同一试件在不同输入电压下的二次谐波幅值和基波幅值平方近似线性关系,表明实验系统是可靠的.利用该系统进行了一组LY12铝合金拉伸试件非线性超声检测实验.在塑性阶段,随着拉伸应力的增大超声非线性系数显著增加.实验结果表明,超声非线性系数可以表征金属材料的力学性能退化程度. 相似文献
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汽车桥壳液压胀形极限成形系数及胀裂判据 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
利用研制的集增压器、冲液器、滑动胀形模具于一体的超高压液压胀形装置,在普通液压机上进行汽车桥壳样件的液压胀形胀裂试验,绘制出液体胀形压力与管坯压缩量不同的匹配关系时(即不同加载路径)的胀形极限图,揭示出极限胀形系数与管坯轴向应变存在线性关系kr=1 δ5-1.72εz,并与材料断后伸长率δ5有关.给出管坯胀裂时的应变判据|εn|=δ5及应力判据δθ=2σb,即胀裂时管坯壁厚方向的应变等于材料的延伸率,环向应力等于材料拉伸强度的2倍.研究成果能为理论研究及工程应用提供依据. 相似文献
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铝合金薄板疲劳裂纹的非线性声学特性 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
在没有任何损伤的铝合金薄板中,主要表现为原子间的非线性,以至于非线性声学特征不明显并很难测量;然而当铝合金薄板中出现疲劳损伤时,将产生明显的非线性声学特征,这对于识别铝合金薄板中的疲劳损伤十分有利.推导超声波在含有疲劳裂纹的固体金属中传播时非线性声学特征方程.利用非接触激光测振仪、任意波形发生器、数字示波器和计算机等组建铝合金薄板疲劳裂纹试验系统,并以含有疲劳裂纹的2024铝合金薄板为研究对象,利用该系统,在单频超声波即中心频率为270 kHz激励下,对超声波在2024铝合金薄板中传播的非线性声学特性进行试验研究.结果表明,高次谐波可作为表征疲劳裂纹或缺陷的特征量.根据不同点的扫描结果,获得时域峰值幅度和频率幅度与扫描位置之间的关系,由此可大致确定疲劳裂纹的位置. 相似文献
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测出X80等5种材料常规机械性能及名义应力屈强比σs/σb和真实应力屈强比Ss/Sb。比较发现Ss/Sb较σs/σb小13%,表明高强度、高屈强比X80钢屈服后塑性变形裕度仍较大。还测出材料静力韧度、冲击韧性及断裂δR阻力曲线,并应用于X80钢管线安全性预测,可以认为,高屈强比对结构安全性的影响并非如通常认为的那么严重。最后讨论了屈强比对硬化指数n的影响。 相似文献
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王丕增 《仪表技术与传感器》1984,(2)
为了设计电镀零件的结构,并确定其最佳使用规范,必须知道镀层的机械性能(硬度、抗拉强度σ_B、屈服极限σ_(0.2)等)。已经知道,金属材料的σ_B、σ_(0.2)与硬度之间存在线性关系:σ_B=b HB;σ_(0.2)=a HB+C (1)对于动力设备用的极大多数钢和金属材料:σ_B=0.345HB(兆帕) (2)σ_(0.2)=(0.25HB-19)(兆帕) (3)在研究某些电镀层的机械性能时,同样 相似文献
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欠驱动非线性系统的控制方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
欠驱动非线性系统的控制是目前非线性控制的一个重要领域。本文综述了当今国内外关于欠驱动控制的方法,结合典型应用例子详细分析了各种方法的特点、优点和不足之处,并提出了欠驱动控制方法的发展方向。 相似文献
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In this paper, the function projective synchronization between integer-order and stochastic fractional-order nonlinear systems is investigated. Firstly, according to the stability theory of fractional-order systems and tracking control, a controller is designed. At the same time, based on the orthogonal polynomial approximation, the method of transforming stochastic error system into an equivalent deterministic system is given. Thus, the stability of the stochastic error system can be analyzed through its equivalent deterministic one. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the function projective synchronization between integer-order Lorenz system and stochastic fractional-order Chen system is studied. 相似文献
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Laihao YANG Zhu MAO Shuming WU Xuefeng CHEN Ruqiang YAN 《Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering》2021,16(1):196
This study aims at investigating the nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating blade with transverse crack. A novel nonlinear rotating cracked blade model (NRCBM), which contains the spinning softening, centrifugal stiffening, Coriolis force, and crack closing effects, is developed based on continuous beam theory and strain energy release rate method. The rotating blade is considered as a cantilever beam fixed on the rigid hub with high rotating speed, and the crack is deemed to be open and close continuously in a trigonometric function way with the blade vibration. It is verified by the comparison with a finite element-based contact crack model and bilinear model that the proposed NRCBM can well capture the dynamic characteristics of the rotating blade with breathing crack. The dynamic behavior of rotating cracked blade is then investigated with NRCBM, and the nonlinear damage indicator (NDI) is introduced to characterize the nonlinearity caused by blade crack. The results show that NDI is a distinguishable indicator for the severity level estimation of the crack in rotating blade. It is found that severe crack (i.e., a closer crack position to blade root as well as larger crack depth) is expected to heavily reduce the stiffness of rotating blade and apparently result in a lower resonant frequency. Meanwhile, the super-harmonic resonances are verified to be distinguishable indicators for diagnosing the crack existence, and the third-order super-harmonic resonances can serve as an indicator for the presence of severe crack since it only distinctly appears when the crack is severe. 相似文献
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Chen Hong Wen Bang-chun Li He Zhang Xiao-wei 《Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering in China》2006,1(2):204-208
A dynamic model of a dual-disk vertical over-hung rotor-bearing system is developed, taking into account nonlinear oil-film
force. Its dynamic behaviors are investigated by numerical Runge-Kutta method. Its bifurcation and chaos characteristics are
analyzed with crack fault and without crack fault. By analyzing the bifurcation plot, Poincare section plots and amplitude
spectra, we found that the crack greatly influences the dynamic characteristics of the rotor-bearing system. Because of the
strong effect of the nonlinear oil-film force and crack to the system, 1/2 times, 1/3 times frequency components appear in
the response spectrum map. The results may bring up theoretical references for fault diagnosis of rotor-bearing systems.
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Translated from Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2005, 18(1) (in Chinese) 相似文献