一种视频流数据的处理与自动负载方法

近年来,大数据技术的发展使得实时视频流处理成为可能。实时视频流数据属于典型的大数据,从这些非结构化的数据中提取有价值的信息非常困难,因此需要利用大数据与视频流处理技术,通过实时处理模组从中提取有用的信息。由于视频流的大数据特性,传统的数据存储方法成本较高,需要配合云存储技术来实现视频流的高效处理与运算。云存储服务提供了大量的计算和存储资源,允许开发具有拓展性的自动负载视频流系统。本文旨在开发一个视频流处理系统,将其部署于亚马逊云服务,系统从视频流中调用实时运行的视频处理算法,并自动平衡负载,防止应用系统出现负载冗余或不足情况,节约成本,支撑视频数据的存储与管理。     

Three-dimensional reconstruction and modeling of microstructures and microchemistry in geological materials

Computer-aided three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of minerals and rock fabrics enables quantification, spatial analysis, and state of the art communication of the complex spatial relations typically encountered in geological materials. An efficient and versatile combination of sample preparation, data acquisition, and processing methods has been established which renders the 3-D reconstruction of microstructures in geological materials applicable on a routine basis: rock samples are subject to a cycle of precision serial lapping and subsequent image acquisition by an electron probe microanalyzer. The yielded backscattered electron images and x-ray maps depict mineral phase distribution and chemical variation; backscattered electron images are stacked in a voxel array to be interpolated by binary processing. X-ray map data are interpolated by geostatistical methods, and the results are forwarded to one voxel array per chemical element of interest. Merging the voxel arrays by boolean and image algebraic methods enables the integrated analysis and visualization of mineral morphology and associated chemical variation in geological materials.     

Measurements of translational slug velocity and slug length using an image processing technique

Slug flow is a common flow regime that occurs in various industries, such as oil, gas, and power generation industries. In this study, the mean slug translational velocity and slug liquid length were measured using Phantom 9.2 software and an image processing analysis technique. The adopted image processing technique involved the analysis of video frames recorded from a high-speed camera (Phantom 9.2) in a horizontal transparent pipe using a combination of the approximate median method and blob analysis, along with an additional morphological process for detecting and segregating individual slugs. The experimental data were obtained from a designed two-phase flow test section, in which sets of superficial water and air velocities were selected to generate numerous slug flows. A good agreement with a maximum deviation of 6.7% between the estimated slug parameters from the adopted technique and the Phantom cine view controller software was achieved. Additionally, the developed technique provided precise results with a high processing speed of 10 frames per second.     

基于灰色关联分析的加工方案决策研究

机械零件尽管多种多样,但均是由一些诸如外圆、内孔、锥面、平面、螺纹、齿形等常见形状特征所组成。因此,合理选择常见形状特征的加工方案,是正确制定零件加工工艺的基础。提出了基于特征的二级加工方案决策体系,建立了基于零件特征的加工方案评价指标体系,并采用灰色关联分析对特征加工方案进行优化分析和计算。最后以单特征圆柱孔的工艺方案决策为例,证明了该方法的实用性。     

改进的基于雾气理论的视频去雾

为了进一步提高有雾视频的可用性,提出了一种改进的基于雾气理论的视频去雾方法。该方法以雾气理论为基础,利用暗原色先验知识以及Retinex方法和图像融合的方式,将从视频背景图像求取的大气光值和介质传播图应用于视频的所有帧以便去除雾气。从主观定性评价、客观定量评价和运算速度3个方面对视频去雾效果进行了评价。结果表明,对分辨率为480×640的视频,本文方法的运算速度为5.45frame/s,不仅获得了较快的处理速度且能有效避免复原视频中出现颜色跳变的现象。由于本文采用区间估计的方式对大气光值进行估计,同时利用图像复原和图像增强的方法求取介质传播图,因此,复原视频的清晰度和对比度比典型的视频去雾方法有所提高,颜色效果也比较好。     

Decision methodology of end-milling conditions using data-mining

The purpose of the present study is to apply data-mining methods to support the decision of reasonable cutting conditions. Although an enormous amount of information is listed in a catalog, it is not possible to know all of it. Seen from the viewpoint of the user, this enormous amount of information becomes a hindrance. For example, even if an expert worker does not look at a catalog, in end-mill processing, he can decide the appropriate processing condition efficiently from experience; however, this type of situation creates difficult problems for an unskilled worker or a skilled worker with little experience. The recommended cutting condition for every type of material is listed in a catalog together with the appropriate tool, but it takes much time and labor to search and examine the catalog to find the right tool, and this process is inefficient. The main subject of our research was to support the processing condition of the end-mill for each precision tool efficiently based on end-mill clusters. Our research applied the techniques of data mining, in particular, non-hierarchy clustering and hierarchy clustering, to catalog data. With these techniques, we applied multiple regression analysis and reached the following main conclusions. As a first step, we paid attention to the shape element of catalog data. In addition to using conventional mining processes, we grouped end-mills from the viewpoint of tool shape, which meant the ratio of dimensions, visually by applying the K-means method. We applied variable cluster analysis next to each cluster and extracted an predictor variable to represent each cluster, and we performed multiple regression analysis and derived a cutting condition decision formula. The cutting condition decision formula provided high accuracy. The accuracy was higher than the results achieved through mining of all data. A more highly precise processing condition decision formula was derived by doing mining again, excluding the peculiar data clusters such as small diameter end-mill. We understood what was effective for cutting condition decision to be factors related to blade length and the ratio of the full length, factors which have not been singled out through background knowledge or expert knowledge, but were noticed as an effect of catalog mining.     

Visually enhanced CCTV digital surveillance utilizing Intranet and Internet

This paper describes a solution for integrated plant supervision utilizing closed circuit television (CCTV) digital surveillance. Three basic requirements are first addressed as the platform of the system, with discussion on the suitable video compression. The system configuration is described in blocks. The system provides surveillance functionality: real-time monitoring, and process analysis functionality: a troubleshooting tool. This paper describes the formulation of practical performance design for determining various encoder parameters. It also introduces image processing techniques for enhancing the original CCTV digital image to lessen the burden on operators. Some screenshots are listed for the surveillance functionality. For the process analysis, an image searching filter supported by image processing techniques is explained with screenshots. Multimedia surveillance, which is the merger with process data surveillance, or the SCADA system, is also explained.     

机械零件加工路线的影响因素研究

针对机械零件的特点,分析了机械零件不同特征的加工方法,实现了零件特征要素加工方法,研究了零件一次装夹的优化、决策和工步排序,最终得到了机械零件在加工中心上的最优工艺路线。     

基于SPR原理的纳米级金属膜厚在线测量系统中的视频图像处理

主要研究基于表面等离子共振(SPR)技术的纳米级金属膜厚在线测量系统中的视频信号处理问题。由于CCD在动态连续采集图像的过程中会受到环境以及工作台旋转的影响,从而会随机地产生高斯白噪声和图像的扭曲现象,造成视频图像的模糊或者扭曲失效。通过对视频图像进行滑动平均滤波、小波分析以及动态补偿时域滤波的处理,消除了高斯白噪声和避免图像扭曲的发生,确保了CCD获取视频图像的有效性与清晰度,从而提高了从图像中获取的共振角度变化量的准确性,并进一步提高了金属薄膜厚度的测量精确度与可靠性。     

All-digital image capture and whole-field analysis of ciliary beat frequency

We hypothesized that a high‐speed all‐digital video imaging system, with computerized analysis, would precisely capture and measure ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and would shorten the time from data capture to data analysis. We compared a conventional analog video system with a new high‐speed digital system we developed for CBF analysis. Using ciliated primary bovine bronchial epithelial cells we made simultaneous analog and digital CBF measurements of the same region of interest (ROI) while temperature was varied. This yielded nearly identical data over a wide range of frequencies (7–15 Hz) using either system. Unlike the digital system however, the analog system did not accurately detect CBF above 15 Hz (temperatures higher than 30 °C). We also compared ROI analysis with a new analysis algorithm we have named whole‐field analysis (WFA). WFA measurement of CBF agreed with ROI and reduced operator time required to analyse data by more than 90% compared with the analog system. We conclude that all‐digital computerized CBF analysis correlates closely with standard video methods, markedly speeds up data analysis and provides new ways, including WFA, to analyse entire fields of motile cilia simultaneously. We have termed this system ‘Sisson–Ammons Video Analysis’ (SAVA).     

正交设计方法在优化空瓶检测图像处理参数中应用

介绍空瓶检测的图像处理关键技术,对酒瓶破损模式、空瓶检测方法的特点进行分析.以瓶身检测为例,用三水平三因素的正交设计对空瓶检测的图像处理参数,即Sobel、Prewitt、Roberts等边缘检测算子、处理步长以及决策算法等进行组合优化设计.通过对试验结果和极差值的分析,得出了各参数对空瓶检测精度和实时性影响的主次因素,为优化参数、平衡空瓶检测的准确率与工作时间提供了依据.在与论文实验条件相类似的情况下,推荐采用Prewitt、处理步长为1、加权求和决策算法的算法组合.本方法可推广到不同检测系统要求下所确定的最优参数组合中.     

Selection of dispatching rules in FMS: ANP model based on BOCR with choquet integral

Scheduling policy which depends on selection of dispatching rules is one of the reasons which affect FMS’ productivity. Selection of a dispatching rule can only be based on one or two criteria such as processing time, due date, or system components at traditional methods such as mathematical programming, simulation, and heuristic algorithms. However, traditional methods have some weakness; the first one is about selection criteria based on only one dispatching rule or a few combination of the rules, the second one is related with not considering most of the manufacturing system information, and the last one is to deal with selection decision is not a dynamic structure. In this study, an analytical network process (ANP) model has been developed in order to eradicate these weaknesses. The model based on multiple criteria decision-making process. In addition, most of manufacturing system information have been employed, and it consists of a dynamic decision-making process. The proposed model has a comprehensive structure which consists of a company’s manufacturing criteria and macro-strategies. Although interdependence is accepted among criteria in ANP, non-interaction is assumed among them (i.e., additive measure). Because of existence of interactivities among criteria, a choquet integral has been adapted in an ANP model.     

基于区间数的机械加工工艺方案多目标稳健决策

绿色制造中的工艺方案选择是一个复杂的多目标决策问题。由于机械加工过程存在不确定性,目标值往往不是一个确定的数,而是一个变化区间,所以用区间数表示更加符合实际。为此,提出一种基于区间数的机械加工工艺方案多目标稳健决策方法,首先建立了多目标稳健决策体系;然后结合区间数理论,建立了多目标稳健决策模型;最后以阀体机加工过程的4个不同工艺方案为例,验证了该模型的可行性和实用性。     

A decision support model based on a reference point method for end-of-life electronic product management

Although a decision support system is an efficient tool that has been widely used in management areas, it still encounters some problems when it is implemented in an environmentally conscious decision-making problem. Those problems include lack of sufficient and reliable data on environmental impact of end-of-life product treatment, material composition analysis, proper expression of the users’ aspiration levels, system architecture, and the proper optimization method. This paper proposes a systematic decision-making tool for end-of-life (EOL) electronic product recycling scenario analysis and selection. This model can help original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) specify the most satisfactory recyclers based on the buyers’ prices and environmental impacts; it can also assist recyclers decide the recycling scenarios for a batch of end-of-life electronic products based on the EOL value, environmental impacts, and processing time. The decision-making process includes the following steps: selection and definition of attributes, quantifying impacts, scaling of attributes, aggregation, and an interactive optimization process. A reference point method is used in the optimization process.     

数据预处理技术和机器学习方法在质子转移反应质谱中的应用

质子转移反应质谱（PTR-MS）法是一种用于检测挥发性有机物（VOCs）的分析技术。它具有检测限低、响应速度快、无需样品前处理、实时分析等特点,在大气化学、环境化学、食品、生物医学等领域得到广泛应用。随着PTR-MS应用的扩展和样品种类的增加,如何从复杂的质谱数据中提取特征,并寻找内在规律,对分析算法的处理能力提出了更高的要求。本工作从数据预处理技术和机器学习方法两方面展开论述,归纳了具有PTR-MS特点的数据预处理技术,总结了不同机器学习算法在PTR-MS数据分析中的应用,并讨论了它们的优点和不足。     

Analysis‐preserving video microscopy compression via correlation and mathematical morphology

The large amount video data produced by multi‐channel, high‐resolution microscopy system drives the need for a new high‐performance domain‐specific video compression technique. We describe a novel compression method for video microscopy data. The method is based on Pearson's correlation and mathematical morphology. The method makes use of the point‐spread function (PSF) in the microscopy video acquisition phase. We compare our method to other lossless compression methods and to lossy JPEG, JPEG2000, and H.264 compression for various kinds of video microscopy data including fluorescence video and brightfield video. We find that for certain data sets, the new method compresses much better than lossless compression with no impact on analysis results. It achieved a best compressed size of 0.77% of the original size, 25× smaller than the best lossless technique (which yields 20% for the same video). The compressed size scales with the video's scientific data content. Further testing showed that existing lossy algorithms greatly impacted data analysis at similar compression sizes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:1055–1061, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于Socket服务器的Zynq平台微型高光谱仪实时视频预览系统

由于高光谱数据量庞大,通常的微型高光谱仪难以实现实时视频流无线传输,无法在移动终端进行实时视频预览,给高光谱数据的分析处理带来不便。通过研制Zynq平台微型高光谱仪,经由马赛克面阵高光谱传感器采集高光谱数据,搭建Socket服务器对高光谱数据实施视频无线传输,最终可在移动终端APP上实现实时的高光谱数据视频预览。实测结果显示,所实现的Zynq平台微型高光谱仪在视频预览状态下帧频达28 fps,结合APP的原始高光谱图像获取功能,可显著扩展微型高光谱仪的应用范围。     

基于DM642的嵌入式视频远程监测系统设计

提出了一个基于TMS320DM642的嵌入式视频远程监测系统的设计与实现。系统以DM642为数据处理的核心。建立了包括视频采集模块。视频处理模块和通信模块的远程监测终端,实现了模拟视频信号的采集。数字化处理和远程传输的系统功能,并为后继的开发提供了通用接口。具有良好的灵活性和可扩展性。系统采用了模块化设计和整体化编程的开发方法。提高了系统开发的效率。     

观测业务改革调整中缺测记录处理解析

在地面气象观测业务改革初期,规范正点维护缺测记录处理方法,以保证准确实时上传数据文件势在必行。通过对业务改革技术规定的解析,对正点地面观测数据维护中各气象要素缺测记录处理原则和具体处理方法逐一进行了分析讨论,对基础业务改革中有关缺测记录处理的总结分析,可供广大观测人员在地面气象观测的实际工作中参考借鉴,并有助于气象服务人员清晰解读气象信息。     

GIS在地质灾害信息处理系统的设计与开发

地质灾害信息处理系统是以地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术支持、以解决地质灾害信息处理相关技术问题的专题应用型信息系统。本文阐述GIS在地质灾害信息处理系统的总体结构与功能结构,并探讨软件系统的开发思路。从地质灾害数据信息管理与维护、空间分析模型、区划分析模型等三方面详细地介绍了系统的设计思路和主要功能。成功地开发了地质灾害信息处理系统软件,实现模型评价分析系统与空间数据库间的数据关联操作。