集成毛细管电泳芯片(微流控芯片)系统的检测器研究和应用

系统地介绍了目前国内外集成毛细管电泳芯片 (微流控芯片 )高灵敏检测技术的发展概况 ,重点讨论了激光诱导荧光、化学发光、电化学检测和质谱等检测技术在微流控芯片中的应用 ,以及芯片检测技术所面临的微型化、集成化、高通量以及接口设计等关键问题     

集成毛细管电泳芯片（微流控芯片）系统中检测器研究和应用

系统地介绍了目前国内外集成细管电泳芯片（微流控芯片）高灵敏检测技术的发展概况,重点讨论了激光诱导荧光,化学发光,电化学检测和质谱等检测技术在微流控芯片中的应用,以及芯片检测技术所面临的微型化,集成化,高通量以及接口设计等关键问题。     

声表面波微流控液滴生成技术研究进展

微液滴是一种十分优秀的微反应器,在化学合成、生物检测及细胞研究等领域应用广泛。近年来,声表面波微流控技术发展迅速,在微液滴制备中具有重要应用前景。首先简单回顾了微液滴和声表面波微流控的研究发展历程,然后重点介绍了声表面波微流控液滴生成的工作原理、器件结构、液滴生成过程及工艺参数等;同时介绍了声表面波微流控核壳微液滴的可控生成机理及其制造过程。最后总结并展望了该技术在生化检测、生物3D打印等领域的应用前景。     

微流控技术制备液滴可视化实验观测教学平台设计

液滴微流控技术是物理、化学、材料以及生物医学等多学科交叉领域的前沿研究热点。为了满足研究生、本科生开展微流控相关教学需求,本文设计并搭建了微流控技术制备液滴可视化实验教学平台,展示了挤压式和滴式两种流型的相界面演化过程并分析其内在流体动力学机理,使课堂教学实现高层理论和基础性认知的层次化结合,帮助学生深入理解和认识流体力学高度抽象的理论,推动微流控相关学科实验教学方法的改革。     

微流控芯片在医学检测中的应用

近年来,微流控芯片以其快速分析,低消耗,微型化和自动化等特点发展非常迅速。本文对微流控芯片技术做了简要的介绍,讨论了其在医学检测领域的应用。并重点分析了可用于医学检测的微流控芯片技术。包括Ca^2＋、NO^2＋等离子的分离与检测,葡萄糖、尿酸等代谢物的测定。     

微流控技术在机械工程-生命科学交叉领域的应用

以微流控技术为研究对象,介绍了微流控芯片的制备材料及工艺,阐述了微流控技术在生命科学交叉领域的应用,主要从生物检测、体外结构仿生制造及可控释放的药物载体制备三方面展开介绍;从芯片结构设计及制备、功能模块集成、过程调控等方面入手,探讨了所涉及的关键技术;展望了微流控技术在机械工程-生命科学交叉领域的应用前景。     

微流控技术在多领域的应用进展

近十几年来,微流控芯片凭借其微型化、集成化及在多学科交叉方面的独特优势得到了迅速的发展,已应用于众多领域,并取得了显著成果,显示出广阔的应用前景。本文就微流控技术在生命科学、食品检验、环境监测、刑事科学和军事科学等领域里的应用加以阐述,着重介绍其在生命科学领域里的应用,同时对微流控技术的未来发展予以展望。     

基于飞秒激光斜锥阵列结构的制备与研究

各向异性表面在诸多领域如液滴搬运、微流控等有着重要的应用价值。近年来,研究人员学习自然界中的特殊结构表面,采用诸多手段制备仿生各向异性表面。然而到目前为止,如何采用简便快捷的方式精确可控地制备各向异性结构依旧存在着较大的挑战。飞秒激光微纳米加工技术以其超高的瞬时功率、不受材料限制、无需掩膜等诸多优点,获得了飞速的发展。首次采用飞秒激光倾斜加工的方式并结合转印技术快速实现了斜锥阵列结构的制备。系统研究了不同斜锥间距对表面静态接触角以及滚动角的影响,并深入分析了液滴滚动各向异性的原理,揭示了液滴边界钉扎力的差异性是各向异性滚动的关键因素。这一研究对微流控、微反应控制等领域有一定的价值。     

微流控PCR芯片研究进展及其在法医DNA检验中的应用

微流控PCR芯片技术是芯片研究领域的热点,具有较高的基础研究价值和市场价值。本文介绍了微流控PCR芯片技术的概况、研究进展及其在法医DNA检验中的应用。     

微流控芯片仪器进展

微流控芯片以其微型、快速 高效和低耗等特点成为研究热点之一,本文介绍了近年来微流控芯片的应用情况及相关仪器的研究和开发,并对其发展动向作了评述。     

Laser-nucleated acoustic cavitation in focused ultrasound

Acoustic cavitation can occur in therapeutic applications of high-amplitude focused ultrasound. Studying acoustic cavitation has been challenging, because the onset of nucleation is unpredictable. We hypothesized that acoustic cavitation can be forced to occur at a specific location using a laser to nucleate a microcavity in a pre-established ultrasound field. In this paper we describe a scientific instrument that is dedicated to this outcome, combining a focused ultrasound transducer with a pulsed laser. We present high-speed photographic observations of laser-induced cavitation and laser-nucleated acoustic cavitation, at frame rates of 0.5×10(6) frames per second, from laser pulses of energy above and below the optical breakdown threshold, respectively. Acoustic recordings demonstrated inertial cavitation can be controllably introduced to the ultrasound focus. This technique will contribute to the understanding of cavitation evolution in focused ultrasound including for potential therapeutic applications.     

面向生物医学应用的微操作机器人技术发展态势

近年来,生物医学得到了迅猛发展,研究领域多涉及到微纳米操作.手动操作存在工作效率低,成功率低等缺陷.因此,由生物医学与微操作机器人结合而产生的生物微操作机器人已成为全世界范围内的研究热点.基于此,通过对当前国内外生物微操作机器人的研究现状、实际应用等方面进行分析,总结出生物微操作机器人在视觉伺服控制、驱动器、执行机构、微操作控制策略、几何标定、传感器融合等方面存在的不足,并提出改进意见,以期对该领域未来的创新设计以及发展研究提供一定的参考及指导作用.     

Analogous on‐axis interference topographic phase microscopy (AOITPM)

The refractive index (RI) of a sample as an endogenous contrast agent plays an important role in transparent live cell imaging. In tomographic phase microscopy (TPM), 3D quantitative RI maps can be reconstructed based on the measured projections of the RI in multiple directions. The resolution of the RI maps not only depends on the numerical aperture of the employed objective lens, but also is determined by the accuracy of the quantitative phase of the sample measured at multiple scanning illumination angles. This paper reports an analogous on‐axis interference TPM, where the interference angle between the sample and reference beams is kept constant for projections in multiple directions to improve the accuracy of the phase maps and the resolution of RI tomograms. The system has been validated with both silica beads and red blood cells. Compared with conventional TPM, the proposed system acquires quantitative RI maps with higher resolution (420 nm @λ = 633 nm) and signal‐to‐noise ratio that can be beneficial for live cell imaging in biomedical applications.     

离子阱颗粒物质谱

离子阱颗粒质谱装置结合了激光诱导声波脱附离子化方法、四极离子阱或圆柱型离子阱质量分析器及电荷感应探测器,能够对微米量级的颗粒进行快速质量分析。目前已成功地测定了聚苯乙烯球、色谱填料、红细胞等颗粒。本文综述了离子阱颗粒质谱仪的构造、工作原理及最近的研究成果,并对颗粒质谱仪的未来提出了展望。     

Scanning electron microscopic changes in granulosa cells during follicular atresia in Caprine ovary

During this study, topographic changes in healthy and atretic granulosa cells have been investigated during follicular atresia in goat ovary. Under scanning electron microscopy atresia was marked by asymmetrical shrinkage and vacuolization of cytoplasm. The specific topographical alterations observed in atretic cells were loss of micro extensions, disruption of cell-cell interaction, and smooth-textured membrane with a number of uneven depressions and ruffles. Some portions of the cell membrane were marked by extensive shrinkage due to condensation of cytosol. Irregular membrane at occasions was studded with blunt microextensions. The findings of present investigation will help in understanding the cellular changes in granulosa cells during follicular atresia and will find applications in screening of follicles for in vitro culture, in vitro fertilization and Embryo transfer technology.     

Use of a night vision intensifier for direct visualization by eye of far-red and near-infrared fluorescence through an optical microscope

We describe the design, construction and testing of a prototype device that allows the direct visualization by eye of far‐red and near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence through an optical microscope. The device incorporates a gallium arsenide (GaAs) image intensifier, typically utilized in low‐light or ‘night vision’ applications. The intensifier converts far‐red and NIR light into electrons and then into green light, which is visible to the human eye. The prototype makes possible the direct, real‐time viewing by eye of normally invisible far‐red and NIR fluorescence from a wide variety of fluorophores, using the full field of view of the microscope to which it is applied. The high sensitivity of the image intensifier facilitates the viewing of a wide variety of photosensitive specimens, including live cells and embryos, at vastly reduced illumination levels in both fluorescence and bright‐field microscopy. Modifications to the microscope are not required in order to use the prototype, which is fully compatible with all current fluorescence techniques. Refined versions of the prototype device will have broad research and clinical applications.     

Impact of chitosan-based nanocarriers on cytoskeleton dynamics: Current status and challenges

Chitosan-based nanocarriers (CS-NCs) show a promising role in improving drugs and bioactive compounds delivery for therapy. However, the effects exerted by CS-NCs at the cellular level, including their recognition and uptake, have not been fully investigated yet. Many factors, including size, shape, concentration, and surface chemistry of CS-NCs, play an important role in determining the types of intracellular signals triggered. The mechanism of uptake and the involvement of the cytoskeleton during the CS-NCs endocytosis variates among the different cell types as well as further effects observed inside cells. In the present work, we discuss the effects induced by CS-NCs per se on the cytoskeleton, a key component in cell architecture and physiology. The focus of this report is made on tumoral and normal biological models in which CS-NCs could differentially affect the cell cytoskeleton. The recent years reports regarding the impact of CS-NCs on cytoskeleton dynamics and the current techniques for its evaluation are summarized and discussed. Understanding mechanisms underlying cytoskeletal impact after cell exposure to CS-NCs is critical for the design of safest value-added formulations in the biomedical field. Furthermore, this revision points out some interesting aspects of cytoskeletal changes and cell death encompassing anti-tumoral effects.     

Cavitation damage studies using plasticine

Two mechanisms, namely, the spherical pressure wave and the microjet, have been used to account for the erosion of materials resulting from the collapse of cavitation bubbles. In recent years, however, high speed photography of collapsing bubbles has added support to the microjet mechanism. Experiments have been undertaken by the authors to examine the mechanism of the erosion of materials subjected to a cavitation environment. Stationary specimens of plasticine held in close proximity to the end of an ultrasonic horn have been damaged by cavitation in distilled water. By virtue of the features of the pits formed, as shown in the photographs in the paper, it is concluded that the cavitation erosion damage results from the impingement of high velocity microjets on the material surface during bubble collapse.     

磁共振波谱在生物医学研究中的应用

本文结合本实验室近年来的部分工作综述了磁共振波谱在生物医学研究中的应用。其应用范围涉及生物大分子结构、活体磁共振和磁共振成像等研究领域;其研究对象涉及生物样品提取物、培养细胞、离体组织器官、活体动物乃至人体的各个层次。磁共振波谱作为无损伤研究生化过程和生理病理机制的工具,为基础医学、临床医学遇到的难题的解决提供了有利条件。     

Quantification of red blood cells using atomic force microscopy

For humans the sizes and shapes of their red blood cells are important indicators of well being. In this study, the feasibility of using the atomic force microscope (AFM) to provide the sizes and shapes of red blood cells has been investigated. An immobilisation procedure has been developed that enabled red blood cells to be reliably imaged by contact AFM in air. The shapes of the red blood cells were readily apparent in the AFM images. Various cell quantification parameters were investigated, including thickness, width, surface area and volume. Excellent correlation was found between the AFM-derived immobilised mean cell volume (IMCV) parameter and the mean cell volume (MCV) parameter used in current haematological practice. The correlation between MCV and IMCV values has validated the immobilisation procedure by demonstrating that the significant cell shrinkage that occurs during immobilisation and drying does not introduce quantification artifacts. Reliable IMCV values were obtained by quantifying 100 red blood cells and this typically required 3-5 AFM images of 100 microm x 100 microm area. This work has demonstrated that the AFM can provide in a single test the red blood cell size and shape data needed in the assessment of human health.