膜厚对热处理聚二甲基硅氧烷薄膜表面润湿性的影响

针对聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)薄膜润湿性这一重要表面特性,通过旋涂法制备不同厚度PDMS薄膜,通过接触角测量、表面形貌观测、薄膜厚度分析、红外化学光谱分析等方式对热处理前、后PDMS薄膜表面润湿性及其物理、化学状态进行表征分析,探究膜厚因素对最终热处理后PDMS薄膜润湿特性的影响机理.研究表明,不同厚度状态下热处理后H...     

聚二甲基硅氧烷表面改性及其对牛奶润滑特性评估的影响

口腔摩擦学是食品口感研究的重要问题.针对模拟口腔材料聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)与真实口腔表面亲水性的差异,对PDMS表面进行紫外臭氧辐照(UVO)处理,研究PDMS表面改性的效果及对牛奶润滑特性评估的影响.利用接触角测量仪、XPS分析仪、激光共聚焦显微镜分别表征了PDMS表面宏观亲水性、表面微观化学成分、表面形貌,采用...     

PDMS基片表面的光刻胶图形化工艺研究

在聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)微纳米器件的制造过程中,经常需要在PDMS基片表面进行光刻胶的图形化。建立了一种PDMS基片表面的光刻胶图形化工艺。通过对PDMS基片表面进行氧等离子体改性处理,提高了PDMS的表面润湿性,使得光刻胶可以均匀地旋涂在PDMS基片表面;提出利用室温下长时间静置代替常规的光刻胶前烘工艺,有效避免了光刻胶在前烘过程中裂纹的产生。最后,作为工艺验证,在PDMS基片表面成功制作出了复杂的光刻胶微阵列图案。     

臭氧刻蚀改性Nomex/PTFE织物复合材料界面性能及摩擦学性能*

为提高Nomex/PTFE混编织物增强复合材料的界面性能和摩擦学性能,选用臭氧刻蚀改性方法对Nomex纤维和PTFE纤维进行表面改性,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、接触角测定仪和能谱仪（EDS）研究臭氧刻蚀时间下纤维的表面形貌和官能团变化,采用多试件摩擦磨损试验机测试Nomex/PTFE织物复合材料的摩擦学性能,采用SEM和能谱仪（EDS）表征复合材料和对偶的磨损面。结果表明：臭氧刻蚀能够明显改变Nomex纤维和PTFE纤维的表面形貌,提高纤维的亲水性和与树脂的黏接性能,但会降低其力学性能;臭氧刻蚀处理后复合材料的界面性能和耐磨损性能有所提高,最优处理时间为1 h,磨损率可降低16.7%～20%。原因在于纤维表面粗糙度和含氧官能团的增加有利于提高纤维与树脂的界面结合强度,并减少作用力在材料界面上的应力集中效应。     

采用移动式阴极制备大尺寸超亲水/超疏水铝板

基于电化学加工方法和氟化处理技术,采用移动式阴极制备了大尺寸超亲水/超疏水铝板,用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪分别对该铝板表面的形貌和成分进行了分析,并采用接触角测量仪测量了所得表面的接触角和滚动角。结果表明:采用移动式阴极加工大面积超亲水/超疏水铝板是可行的;电化学加工后的超亲水铝板表面存在二元微纳米粗糙结构,对水的接触角约为0°;该超亲水表面经氟化处理后可转变为超疏水表面,对水的接触角为167°,滚动角小于3°。     

用含氢硅油机械化学法改性SiO2粉体

以含氢硅油为改性剂,用机械化学法对SiO2粉体进行表面改性,通过测定接触角和TG、IR、TEM等手段表征改性效果,讨论了改性剂用量、改性时间、磨机转速、球料比等因素对改性效果的影响.结果表明:机械化学法可以将含氢硅油负载到SiO2表面,负载机制包括化学吸附和物理吸附;改性剂用量50%、改性时间3 h、磨机转速300 r·min-1、球料比20条件下改性后SiO2的时接触角可达150.58°,改性后的SiO2粉体颗粒呈现较好的分散性.     

热压法快速制作微流控芯片模具

提出了一种微流控芯片模具的快速批量制作方法。应用光刻与湿法腐蚀技术制作玻璃母模,然后采用热压成形技术批量制作聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)阳模,再利用阳模浇模、键合批量制作聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)微流控芯片。结果表明,该法制作的PMMA模具及复制得到的PDMS芯片平整度好、一致性高,其沟道宽度和深度的相对标准偏差分别小于0.5%和1.5%。     

阳极氧化工艺及改性对TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜疏水性的影响

采用阳极氧化法在钛片表面制备TiO 2纳米管阵列薄膜,研究了不同氧化电压(15～25 V)和时间(0.5～2 h)下薄膜的微观结构;采用硬脂酸对其进行改性,分析了薄膜改性前后的润湿性能.结果表明:TiO 2纳米管平均管径和管间距随氧化电压增大而增大,随氧化时间的变化不明显,而表面结构均匀性则受氧化时间影响,氧化2 h的结构均匀性较好;改性前薄膜表面呈亲水性,改性后呈疏水性,且改性前越亲水则改性后越疏水;氧化时间对改性薄膜水接触角的影响较大,不同电压下阳极氧化2 h制备得到薄膜改性后均呈超疏水性,20 V/2 h下制备得到薄膜改性后的平均水接触角最大,可达159.7°.     

PDDA/PSS分子沉积膜的摩擦学行为研究

以聚对苯乙烯磺酸钠为聚阴离子,聚二烯丙基二甲基胺盐酸盐为聚阳离子在基底上交替沉积制备分子沉积膜。用紫外-可见吸收光谱仪、接触角测量仪、原子力显微镜对所制备的有序薄膜进行了表征。用UMT-2摩擦仪考察了超薄膜的摩擦学行为,结果表明,所制备的超薄膜具有良好的减摩抗磨性能,薄膜的表面电荷及亲水、疏水性对其摩擦学行为有较大影响,负电荷表面、亲水性强的表面在较高湿度下,耐磨寿命较长。     

面向微流控封装应用的PDMS表面无裂纹改性

基于PDMS的微流控系统的键合封装技术需要PDMS表面具有良好的粘合力和亲水性,作为PDMS表面改性技术,等离子体处理工艺(Plasma)具有高效、快捷、操作简单等特点,但它存在"回复"和裂纹问题。文中介绍了一种结合Plasma和表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的二次处理工艺。先利用Plasma技术对PDMS表面进行无裂纹亲水处理,再利用十二烷基硫酸钠溶液对其表面进行二次处理。既可以避免PDMS表面出现裂纹,又可以使PDMS表面亲水性长久的保持。通过实验验证,两次处理后接触角减小为21°,表面粗糙度达到1.71 nm,且表面无裂纹,并经过键合测试后,经过二次处理的PDMS与玻璃和PDMS实现了长久的键合,验证了该工艺技术可行,为微流控系统的键合封装提供了技术基础。     

飞行时间质谱仪射频四极杆驱动器的研制

针对自制垂直引入式飞行时间质谱仪（orthogonal extraction time-of-flight mass spectrometer, O-TOFMS）的需要,运用直接数字频率合成 (direct digital frequency synthesis,DDS)技术,研制了射频四极杆的高压射频驱动电路装置。该驱动器频率可调范围为0.5~2 MHz,幅度最高达到1 000 Vp-p。该射频四极杆驱动器（radio frequency quadrupole driver,RFQ Driver）可用于分子离子反应器（molecule ion reactor,MIR）和RFQ驱动,其结构简洁、成本低、性能稳定可靠。     

从光电容积图中提取脉搏率、呼吸率和心率的新方法

光电容积描记图(PPG)是一种利用光学技术无创检测人体心血管脉搏波的方法。PPG信号来源于MIMIC数据库,它含有许多生理信息。本文提出了将集合经验模态分解(EEMD)、倒谱、快速傅里叶变化和过零点检测相结合的方法,从PPG中可靠地估算脉搏率(PR)、心率(HR)和呼吸频率(RR)。首先,将PPG信号通过EEMD分解为有限个固有模态函数(IMF)。因为EEMD有自适应滤波特性,所以估算不同的生理参数时,可以用不同的IMF分量来重构信号。其次,估算脉搏率时,舍去低频含有伪迹的IMF,再通过过零点检测可以得到瞬时脉搏率。然后,估算心率时,用1 Hz~1.67 Hz(60次/分钟~100次/分钟)的IMF来重构信号,再求倒谱,选取反映心脏活动的频带来得到心率。最后,估算呼吸率时,用0.05 Hz~0.75 Hz(3次/分钟~45次/分钟)的IMF来重构信号,然后对呼吸信号求快速傅里叶变化得到频谱图,寻找频谱图中的峰值得到呼吸率。对来自MIMIC数据库的53个成人PPG信号进行了仿真。仿真结果表明使用该综合信号处理方法提取的生理参数与实际生理参数一致,且该方法有运算量小,精确度高的优点(误差不超过1.17%)。     

UPLC-MS/MS测定二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯

建立了二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）联用的分析方法。实验用甲醇作衍生试剂,将二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯衍生成二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯（MDC）,通过测定二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯来确定二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的含量。实验采用Waters Acquity BEH C18超高效液相色谱柱,甲醇-0.1%甲酸作为梯度洗脱液,二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯在1.5 min内与其他化合物进行完全分离,经四极杆质谱选择离子监测模式检测。线性范围为2~100 μg/L,检出限为1 μg/L,相关系数0.999 4。考察了水、甲酸、甲酸铵流动相体系,以及进样量大小对样品的分离效果,发现甲酸流动相体系的分离效果优于其他两种流动相体系,同时发现在进样量大时出现平头峰。并且在优化条件下,对实际样品中游离的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯进行了测定。     

Rapid one-of-a-kind production

To shorten the product development cycle time and reduce the cost at the same time, which is very critical for the survival of those small and mid-sized one-of-a-kind production (SMOKP) companies, various computer communication, simulation and computer aided engineering and management techniques have been widely used in these SMOKP companies. However, according to our study, the applications of these advanced computer technologies in these SMOKP companies are lack of system integration and synergy, which result in communication errors, reworks, duplications and hence a longer product development lead time and a higher cost. To solve this problem, an inter/intranet based computer aided rapid product development system is presented in this paper. This system consists of a number of inter/intranet based computer models or sub-systems for supporting rapid development of a one-of-a-kind product. It also employs a novel concurrent product development strategy called “prototype based incremental product development strategy” and an integrated product data structure called “product production structure”. Some industrial implementations of the proposed system, product development strategy and product data structure are also reported in the paper.     

Effect of the molecular weight on deformation states of the polystyrene film by AFM single scanning

Nanobundles patterns can be formed on the surface of most thermoplastic polymers when the atomic force microscope (AFM)‐based nanomechanical machining method is employed to scratch their surfaces. Such patterns are reviewed as three‐dimensional sine‐wave structures. In the present study, the single‐line scratch test is used firstly to study different removal states of the polystyrene (PS) polymer with different molecular weights (MWs). Effects of the scratching direction and the scratching velocity on deformation of the PS film and the state of the removed materials are also investigated. Single‐wear box test is then employed to study the possibility of forming bundle structures on PS films with different MWs. The experimental results show that the state between the tip and the sample plays a key role in the nano machining process. If the contact radius between the AFM tip and the polymer surface is larger than the chain end‐to‐end distance, it is designated as the “cutting” state that means the area of both side ridges is less than the area of the groove and materials are removed. If the contact radius is less than the chain end‐to‐end distance, it is designated as the “plowing” state that means the area of both side ridges is larger than the area of the groove and no materials are removed at all. For the perfect bundles formation on the PS film, the plowing state is ideal condition for the larger MW polymers because of the chains’ entanglement. SCANNING 35:308‐315, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

汽车ESC系统DIL/HIL仿真平台设计

全面准确地标定与测试是开发车辆电子稳定控制(electronic stability control,ESC)系统的关键环节。车辆控制过程是典型的强非线性系统,建立精确的车辆模型比较困难,驾驶员模型也很难准确模拟紧急工况下驾驶员的真实反应。在仿真系统中将难以精确建模的液压制动系统、ESC压力调节单元、转向及电子节气门装置采用真实硬件,并在试验平台中嵌入真实驾驶员,基于Matlab/Simulink/dSPACE环境和车辆动力学软件veDYNA,开发硬件在环(hardware-in-the-loop,HIL)和驾驶员在环(driver-in-the-loop,DIL)的仿真试验平台,并在此平台上对所设计的ESC系统进行仿真试验研究。试验结果表明,所设计的DIL/HIL仿真平台可以大幅提高ESC系统的开发效率和测试准确性。     

Rapid one-of-a-kind production

To shorten the product development cycle time and reduce the cost at the same time, which is very critical for the survival of those small and mid-sized one-of-a-kind production (SMOKP) companies, various computer communication, simulation and computer aided engineering and management techniques have been widely used in these SMOKP companies. However, according to our study, the applications of these advanced computer technologies in these SMOKP companies are lack of system integration and synergy, which result in communication errors, reworks, duplications and hence a longer product development lead time and a higher cost. To solve this problem, an inter/intranet based computer aided rapid product development system is presented in this paper. This system consists of a number of inter/intranet based computer models or subsystems for supporting rapid development of a one-of-a-kind product. It also employs a novel concurrent product development strategy called “prototype based incremental product development strategy” and an integrated product data structure called “product production structure”. Some industrial implementations of the proposed system, product development strategy and product data structure are also reported in the paper.     

The efficacy of back propagation neural network with delta bar delta learning in predicting the wear of carbide inserts in face milling

Face milling is a process predominantly affected by dynamic variation of cutting forces, thermo-mechanical shocks and vibration leading to catastrophic tool failure along with gradual wear of the inserts. Keeping in view the industrial importance of this process, it is necessary to devise suitable methods to predict in advance the onset of tool failure without grossly impairing the machining set-up and the job. Hence, the applicability of back propagation neural network with delta bar delta learning rule for faster convergence has been studied with the above objective. The multi sensor based tool condition monitoring strategy shows that the learning rate adaptation scheme combined with the selection of suitable process parameters drastically reduces the training time of the artificial neural network without dispensing with the prediction accuracy.     

复合ICA-SVM机械状态模式分类

提出了一种新颖的、基于独立分量分析(ICA)的复合神经网络，用于不同机械状态模式的特征提取。利用支持向量机(SVM)进行最终分类。与通常的基于经验风险最小化(ERM)原理的神经网络方法相比，基于结构风险最小化(SRM)原理的支持向量机分类方法具有更好的推广能力。而借助多个独立分量分析网络，隐藏于多通道振动观测信号中的不变特征得到有效提取，从而实现了支持向量机分类器在分类能力和推广性两者间的合理平衡。     

Effect on crystalline structure of AISI M2 steel using tungsten–thorium electrode through MRR,EWR, and surface finish

To investigate on the crystalline structure of AISI M2 steel by using tungsten–thorium electrode in electrical discharge machining (EDM) process was studied. Furthermore, the investigation were carried out for finding the value of material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR) and surface roughness (SR) of tool steel material depending upon three variable input process parameters. On the basis of weight loss, the value of MRR and EWR were calculated at optimized process parameter. Subsequently, surface topography of the processed material were examined through different characterization techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Optical surface profiler (OSP) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. In XRD study, broadening of the peak was observed which confirmed the change in material properties due to the homogeneous dispersion of the particles inside the matrix. Lowest surface roughness and MRR of 0.001208 mg/min was obtained. Minimum surface roughness was obtained 1.12 μm and 2.18427 nm by OSP and AFM study, respectively. Also, minimum EWR was found as 0.013986 mg/min.