一种Al2O3基陶瓷刀具的切削性能研究

采用热压工艺制备了一种Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具材料,对其进行了切削性能试验,分析了其切削磨损机理并比较了三种陶瓷刀具的切削性能。试验结果表明,在切削淬硬45^#钢和铸铁时,Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具的耐磨性与Al2O3／TiC陶瓷刀具接近,但明显高于Al2O3／TiC／CaF2自润滑陶瓷刀具;Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具的后刀面磨损量随切削速度和背吃刀量的增加而增大。SEM分析发现,在切削淬硬45^#钢和铸铁时Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具后刀面主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损。     

三种陶瓷刀具材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

以Al2O3、Al2O3/TiC与Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷刀具材料作为研究对象,在高速环-块摩擦磨损试验机上研究3种陶瓷刀具材料在相同试验条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用ANSYS有限元软件分析计算磨损时的应力分布.结果表明:3种陶瓷的摩擦磨损性能与其在Al2O3基体中的添加成分有关.3种陶瓷在高速下的耐磨性优于低速,磨损率随着摩擦速度的增大而呈下降趋势,随载荷的增大而呈上升趋势,其中Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷刀具的耐磨性最优,其耐磨性能主要与力学机械性能有关.通过有限元分析可知,3种陶瓷的最大剪应力大于最大主应力,在剪应力作用下,更容易发生磨粒磨损.     

高温自润滑陶瓷刀具材料及其切削性能的研究

以TiB2为添加剂,Al2O3为基体,制备了Al2O3/TiB2陶瓷刀具材料。以该陶瓷刀具对淬硬钢进行高速干切削试验,利用其在切削高温作用下的摩擦化学反应,在刀具材料表面原位生成具有润滑作用的反应膜,从而实现Al2O3/TiB2陶瓷刀具材料本身的高温自润滑。研究了Al2O3/TiB2陶瓷刀具在切削高温作用下刀具表面的摩擦化学反应机理,分析了刀具表面自润滑膜的组成结构。结果表明：Al2O3/TiB2陶瓷刀具在干切削淬硬钢时,当切削速度大于120 m/min时,开始表现出高温自润滑性能。自润滑膜的组成为Al2O3/TiB2陶瓷刀具中TiB2的氧化产物,它能在刀具表面起到固体润滑剂的作用,进而降低前刀面的摩擦因数,减轻刀具的粘着磨损,提高刀具的耐磨性能,具有良好的减摩和抗磨作用。     

Al2O3/TiC梯度功能陶瓷刀具的切削性能及损坏机理

采用粉末叠层填充—轴向热压烧结工艺研制成功性能优良的Al2 O3/TiC梯度功能陶瓷刀具 ,并在柴油机排气阀外圆粗车工序中与普通陶瓷刀具LT55进行了对比切削试验。结果表明 ,Al2 O3/TiC梯度功能陶瓷刀具的寿命比LT55提高 50 %,梯度功能陶瓷刀具的破损主要是机械疲劳作用所致 ,而LT55刀具的破损主要是热疲劳作用的结果。     

新型陶瓷刀具材料的磨损性能研究

研究了Al2O3/SiC/（W，Ti）C新型陶瓷刀具材料在切削铸铁时的耐磨性能。结果表明：在低速发削铸铁时，该陶瓷刀具表现出良好的耐磨性能，其磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损；在高速切削铸铁时，由于化学反应和溶解磨损的共同作用，导致粘结磨损加剧，从而降低了该陶瓷刀具材料的耐磨性能。     

高速干车削钴基高温合金的陶瓷刀具磨损机理研究

针对难加工材料钴基高温合金GH605,采用Al2O3基和Sialon基陶瓷刀具进行高速干车削试验,分析在不同切削速度下的刀具后刀面磨损量、刀具磨损形式以及磨损机理.研究表明:Sialon基陶瓷刀具后刀面磨损量大于Al2O3基陶瓷刀具后刀面磨损量;Al203基陶瓷刀具主要磨损形式为前后刀面的正常磨损、前后刀面的非正常剥落和微崩刃,低切削速度时磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损、黏结磨损,高切削速度时还伴有氧化磨损;Sialon基陶瓷刀具磨损形式主要以破损为主.该研究可以为高速干车削钴基高温合金的高性能陶瓷刀具的设计、刀具寿命预测等提供理论指导.     

Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷刀具切削过程中的减摩机理

在Al2O3/TiC陶瓷刀具基体内加入固体润滑剂CaF2来改善其摩擦学特性,制备出Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷刀具.以该陶瓷刀具对45钢进行干切削试验,结果表明添加固体润滑剂的Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑刀具的摩擦因数比未添加固体润滑剂的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷刀具显著降低,表现出了良好的减摩效果.在切削过程中,Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷刀具中的固体润滑剂由于受到摩擦和挤压作用而析出,能在刀具前刀面上形成润滑膜,可阻止刀-屑间的粘着,显著降低前刀面与切屑间的平均摩擦因数.对自润滑陶瓷刀具切削后磨损表面显微分析表明,前刀面在切削过程中形成了自润滑膜的生成、破损、脱落和再生的循环过程.因此,Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷刀具在其整个生命周期内始终具有润滑效果.     

原位反应自润滑陶瓷刀具的设计开发及其减摩机理研究

本文提出了原位反应自润滑陶瓷刀具的概念,即利用刀具切削高温作用下的摩擦化学反应,在刀具材料表面原位生成具有润滑作用的反应膜,从而实现刀具的自润滑。研制成功以Al2O3为基体、ZrB2为增强相、ZrO2为弥散相的新型自润滑陶瓷刀具材料,并对其制备工艺、性能、微观结构等进行了深入的研究。对原位反应自润滑刀具材料的高温氧化和摩擦磨损特性     

基于XPS硬质合金刀具氧化磨损的试验分析

采用多功能表面分析系统对车铣加工Ti6Al4V钛合金的硬质合金刀具进行X射线电子能谱分析(XPS)。通过对磨损区域进行全谱扫描和精细谱扫描,应用XPSPEAK4.1和Origin7.5对所得数据进行分峰拟合处理,最后分析了所生成的氧化物对刀具磨损和刀具寿命的影响。试验结果表明涂层材质为S30T的刀具磨损表面有Ti O_2、Al_2O_3、Co O和Ti N等物质生成;H13A非涂层材质刀具磨损表面有Ti O_2、WO3和Co_3O_4等氧化物生成。     

添加固体润滑剂的自润滑陶瓷刀具材料及其减摩机理研究

采用热压工艺制备Al2O3/TiC/CaF2(ATF)自润滑陶瓷刀具材料,考察其室温下的机械性能,并通过切削性能试验分析其切削减摩机理。结果表明:添加固体润滑剂对陶瓷材料的机械性能有一定影响,其中CaF2含量为10%的Al2O3/TiC/CaF2陶瓷材料的力学性能最好,强度和硬度最高,分别达到了589MPa和HV15·4GPa,可以用作刀具材料;ATF自润滑陶瓷刀具在切削过程中,减摩性能优于LT55陶瓷刀具,能够在前刀面形成一层较完整的固体润滑膜,膜的存在使得ATF自润滑刀具材料具有一定的减摩能力,而后刀面具有磨粒磨损的特征,由于磨粒的刻划作用而没有形成较完整的润滑膜。     

深井、超深井套管磨损机理及预测技术研究

概述了近年来深井、超深井套管磨损机理及预测技术的研究动态，讨论了套管磨损主导机理及其影响因素的几种观点，重点分析了磨损效率模型的特点，明确了深井、超深井套管磨损研究的主要发展方向。     

GCr15微动磨损转向往复滑动磨损特性的研究

对GCr15金属球和平面试块在300N的法向力作用下作了从微动磨损向往复滑动磨损转变的试验研究，对摩擦磨损过程中的磨损系数、摩擦力变化特性、磨痕的轮廓进行了分析研究。结果表明，在微动磨同往复滑动磨损转变前后，除磨损系数出现突变外，摩擦系数和磨痕的轮廓形貌也发生了比较大的变化，磨损转变过渡区的范围为70－100μm。     

Characterization of wear scar surfaces using combined three-dimensional topographic analysis and contact resistance measurements

In this paper, a technique for the quantitative characterization of wear scar surfaces, using combined three-dimensional topographical analysis and contact resistance measurements, is introduced. Parameters for the characterization of wear surfaces, developed during sliding of pin-on-disk specimens in oxygen at high temperature, such as wear volume, roughness, average wear depth on the disk specimen, surface coverage by wear-protective oxide layers and their distributions over the wear surface, are presented and calculated. Such analyses provide more effective data for the analysis of wear processes and wear mechanisms.This method has been applied to the analysis of dry reciprocating sliding wear of a nickel-base alloy, N80A, at temperatures to 600°C. It was found that there was usually a difference between the wear rates of the pin and the disk. This difference increased with increase in temperature, the wear of the pin being much less than that of the disk at the higher temperatures. Although the total wear of both the pin and the disk decreased considerably with increase in temperature, the damage to the disk, judged by the wear depth of the scar, was much higher at elevated temperatures than at low temperatures. The roughnesses of the wear surfaces generally increased with increase in temperature. Less than 50% coverage of the scar surfaces by wear-protective oxide layers was sufficient for the severe-to-mild wear transition. However, the distribution of the wear-protective layers over the wear surfaces was non-uniform. Most of them were concentrated near the centre of the scar, along the sliding direction, under the present conditions. These features of the wear scar surfaces were mainly related to the adhesion and compaction of wear debris particles onto the wear surfaces, leading to development of the wear-protective layers at the various temperatures.     

A Finite Element Approach to Modeling Abrasive Wear Modes

Machine components operating in sandy environments will wear because of the abrasive interaction with sand particles. In this work, a method is derived to predict the amount of wear caused by such abrasive action, in order to improve the maintenance concept of the components. A finite element model is used to simulate various tips scratching a smooth surface. The model is verified by comparing the obtained results with a set of experiments performed earlier (M. Woldman, et al., 2013, Wear, 301(1–2), pp 76–81).     

Wear reducing effects and temperature dependence of tribolayer formation in harsh environment

Certain materials show a tribolayer formation especially at enhanced temperatures in abrasive environment, building a wear protection layer with the abrasive on the surface. Three materials with different microstructures were tested in three-body abrasive and impact/abrasive environments at temperatures up to 700 °C to investigate tribolayer formation. Optical and electron microscopical methods were used for wear qualification. Furthermore, hot hardness tests were performed up to 700 °C to investigate the influence of hardness drop on tribolayer formation.It was shown that no significant tribolayer formation occurs on grey cast iron, whereas other materials form tribolayers. Generally, tribolayer formation increases with increasing testing temperature, especially for austenitic and ferritic materials. This entails a self-protecting effect and thus superior wear resistance in abrasive environment.     

ZTA陶瓷刀具连续切削淬硬T10A时的切削性能研究

研究两种自主研制的新型ZTA(Al2O3/Zr O2)陶瓷刀具切削淬硬T10A时的切削性能。刀具后刀面磨损量随切削深度和切削速度的增加而增大;刀具的主要磨损形态为后刀面磨损;主要磨损机理为后刀面磨粒磨损和部分粘结磨损。     

陶瓷材料磨损机制及磨损程度评价方法综述

综合分析陶瓷材料摩擦磨损的机制和影响摩擦磨损的各种因素,如表面加工状况、载荷、速度、时间、温度、润滑等。介绍几种陶瓷材料摩擦磨损程度的评定方法,如用量纲一化参数(最大赫兹接触压力、最大表面粗糙度和断裂韧性的函数Sc,硬度、最大表面粗糙度和断裂韧性的函数S*)大小评价磨损程度,用磨损表面的粗糙度Ry与平均粒径Dg的比值评价陶瓷材料磨损程度,用磨损率评价陶瓷材料磨损程度等。以期指导人们进一步认识陶瓷摩擦磨损的本质规律,有目的地调整材料的性能以提高其耐磨性。     

Wear prediction for metals

In spite of the large number of wear models found in the literature, no model can predict metal wear a priori based only on materials property data and contact information. The complexity of wear and the large number of parameters affecting the outcome are the primary reasons for this situation. This paper summarizes the current understanding of wear modelling for metals. Several recent approaches such as wear mapping and wear transition diagrams have suggested some future possible directions for improvement. Some success has been achieved in describing severe wear of steels under unlubricated conditions using thermomechanical approaches. However, modelling of mild wear remains problematic, especially under lubricated conditions. In mild wear, asperity contact events dominate the wear processes. A single asperity collision simulation apparatus has been used to study asperity-asperity contact phenomena. Shear strain and strain accumulation were found to be the dominant underlying causes for wear. It is proposed that future research in wear prediction for metals incorporate the following aspects: wear mapping, temperature, shear strain response, boundary lubricating film strength, and surface roughness.     

Microstructure and Wear Behaviors of Plasma-Sprayed FeCrNiMoCBSi Coating with Nano-Grain Dispersed Amorphous Phase in Reciprocating Sliding Contact

A novel FeCrNiMoCBSi amorphous/nanocrystalline coating was fabricated using a plasma spraying process. The coating was dense with a low porosity of approximately 0.99%. The coating consisted of a 67.8 vol% amorphous phase coupled with many nanocrystalline grains that were approximately 5?nm in diameter. The mechanical properties of the as-sprayed coating were determined by nanoindentation measurement, and the tribological behaviors were systematically investigated in a reciprocating sliding contact. The results show that FeCrNiMoCBSi coatings possess superior wear resistance compared to other typically similar Fe-based amorphous coatings. The tribological behaviors evolve with the combination of normal load and sliding velocity. Herein, the dominant wear mechanisms are delamination wear and oxidation wear. With an increase in normal load and sliding velocity, the abrasive wear is gradually weakened, the formation of oxide films on the worn surfaces is facilitated, and wear debris is ground to powder. The oxide films suffer from fatigue wear with induced cracks undergoing reciprocating sliding effects.     

组装式滑板对地铁接触线犁削磨损的影响

在弓网载流摩擦磨损实验台上,用直流恒流电源对组装式浸金属碳滑板以及银铜合金接触线进行摩擦磨损试验,研究组装式碳滑板的接缝间隙和滑板间高度差对地铁接触线犁削磨损及滑板异常磨耗现象的影响。试验结果表明:组装式碳滑板高度差会严重刮伤接触线,是接触线犁削磨损的主要原因,而接缝间隙仅会轻微划伤接触线;80 N以上的法向力会显著减小滑板的磨损率;接缝间隙较小时更容易刮伤接触线,造成犁削磨损。分析滑板磨损表面形貌发现:存在滑板间高度差时滑板会出现机械划痕,电气磨耗和接触线材料转移也比较严重。