TC4合金微动磨损过渡区摩擦行为

为研究TC4合金微动磨损过渡区摩擦行为特点,采用SRV-IV微动摩擦磨损试验机,对球/平面接触的GCr15钢球/合金TC4摩擦副在100 N法向载荷下进行微动磨损试验,得到TC4合金微动磨损过渡区的范围,分析不同状态下摩擦因数演变及磨痕表面形貌特点,研究磨损机制的变化。结果表明:微动状态下,摩擦因数在磨合阶段波动剧烈,达到稳定磨损阶段后趋于稳定,且稳定状态下的摩擦因数随着位移幅值的增加而增加;往复滑动状态下,不同位移幅值下的摩擦因数曲线近乎重合且波动剧烈;微动磨损过渡区的摩擦因数变化处于2种状态的转变阶段。微动状态下,磨痕表面轮廓线粗糙,损伤轻微,磨损机制以黏着磨损和疲劳剥层为主;往复滑动状态下,轮廓线更光滑且损伤严重,磨损机制以磨粒磨损及塑性变形为主;微动磨损过渡区轮廓线由粗糙变为光滑,磨损深度及宽度突增,磨损机制由黏着磨损转变为磨粒磨损。     

过渡区的摩擦特性研究

用GCr１５的球试样和45^#钢平面试样在200N的法向务作用下对大范围位移幅值下的往复滑动作了大量磨损试验，着重对摩擦系数、磨损系数、平面试样磨痕的表面形貌以及磨屑的尺寸和分析情况进行分析研究。结果表明，在本试验条件下，过渡区范围是75－125μm。过渡区和微动、滑动状态下的磨损系数、磨痕形貌以及磨屑的尺寸和分布均有所差异。     

车轮钢摩擦副滚动摩擦磨损特性研究

在NENE-2型磨损试验机上利用往复滚动试验装置研究了不同制动状态下车轮钢的滚动摩擦磨损特性。结果表明:不同滚滑状态下的切向摩擦力是变化的,随制动力的增加,滚动摩擦副对应的摩擦因数和摩擦阻力相应增大;平面试样的表面磨痕形貌由于切向摩擦力的变化而明显不同;随切向摩擦力的增大滚动磨损机制亦发生改变,从磨粒磨损逐渐转变为粘着磨损,磨损加剧且磨痕深度变大。     

金属磁记忆信号评定磨损现象与磨损状态的基础实验

采用40CrMo块试样与316L销试样组成销-块摩擦副,在干摩擦条件下进行摩擦磨损试验,研究整个摩擦磨损过程中磁记忆信号切向分量与试验表面磨损现象以及磨损状态之间的关系。试验结果表明:在摩擦磨损过程中,40CrMo试样表面磁记忆信号出现信号突变,并且突变后的信号可以准确地反应磨痕的长度与位置;整个摩擦磨损过程试样表面磨痕处磁记忆信号切向分量均值随摩擦次数的变化可以分为4个阶段,各个阶段间的转变点分别为点G、点H以及点I,并且通过现场观测、电镜扫描以及能谱分析发现磁记忆信号转变点处试样表面的磨损现象和磨损状态亦发生转变。     

低速冲击下的界面响应和磨损行为*

为探究低速冲击下界面响应与磨损行为之间的联系，开展多周次的低速冲击磨损实验；通过分析冲击过程中的接触力峰值、接触时长、接触力冲量、动能耗散等，研究冲击速度对接触界面的力学响应的影响；通过对冲击磨痕的磨损轮廓和形貌、磨损体积的检测分析，以及对磨痕区域元素组分变化的测试，研究冲击速度对接触界面磨损损伤行为的影响。结果表明：冲击速度的增加会导致接触界面在更短的时间内受到更强烈的力学作用；能量吸收率对冲击速度的变化不敏感，但冲击速度的提高会导致单位能量造成的磨损损伤逐渐降低；冲击磨痕可分为以塑性变形和以剥层磨损为主要损伤形式的2种区域；磨损区内经历了严重的摩擦氧化，并随着冲击速度的增加发生冲击副材料转移。因此，冲击速度越高，接触界面间的摩擦越剧烈，形成的表面氧化层避免了冲击副与基底材料的直接接触，延缓了磨损损伤的进一步发展。     

PTFE基耐磨涂层往复滑动摩擦学性能研究

采用CETR多功能磨损试验机,考察PTFE基耐磨涂层在往复滑动条件下的摩擦磨损性能;利用了扫描电子显微镜、三维形貌轮廓仪和电子能谱对磨痕表面进行微观分析,探讨PTFE涂层的摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:PTFE涂层的摩擦学性能与涂层的特性密切相关,较低的摩擦因数对应着较好的耐磨性;涂层的往复滑动磨损表现为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损共同作用的机制。     

钛合金TC4与铝青铜在冲击滑动耦合作用下的磨损特性

采用正交试验方法,利用冲击滑动磨损试验装置研究钛合金TC4与铝青铜在冲击滑动耦合作用下的磨损特性,运用极差分析处理试验数据,研究试验因素对冲击试件(铝青铜)平均磨损体积,回转试件(钛合金)平均磨损体积及两者比值的影响.结果表明:较硬的钛合金的磨损体积大于较软的铝青铜.对磨痕表面形貌分析表明,冲击频率增大,冲击试件(铝青铜)的磨损形式呈现由机械作用到黏着剥落的变化;回转试件(钛合金) 磨痕表面呈片状剥落,随滑动速度的增加,片状剥落趋向严重;冲击试件与回转试件之间存在物质转移,主要为钛合金向铝青铜转移.     

新型车轮材料的磨损特性试验研究

采用JD-1型轮轨试验机对四种新型车轮材料做材料摩擦磨损特性试验研究,采用JA4103型电子称重仪对磨损后的试件进行磨损量测量,利用JB-6C轮廓仪对磨损后的轮廓进行分析。试验结果表明,在相同实验条件下,材料的磨损量随着含碳量的增加而减少,含碳量越高,耐磨性越强。磨损后磨痕粗糙度明显增加,磨痕的粗糙度与材料的含碳量、硬度等都没有明显的关系,并且本试验得到的磨痕粗糙度Ra为0.4μm左右。材料的耐锈蚀性与材料中的含铬量有着直接的关系,铬元素的抗锈蚀能力明显。     

干摩擦下速度与载荷对AISI 1045钢磨损行为的影响

为探讨AISI 1045钢的切削、磨削加工过程中材料的磨损机制随加工参数的变化规律,采用CFT-1型多功能材料表面综合性能测试仪对AISI 1045钢进行干摩擦磨损实验,研究干摩擦条件下不同摩擦速度、不同载荷对AISI1045钢磨损行为的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)对磨痕表面进行分析。结果表明:随着摩擦速度增大,AISI 1045钢的摩擦因数显著减小,磨痕深度先增加后减少,磨损机制由黏着磨损、磨粒磨损与轻微氧化磨损共同作用转变为氧化磨损、磨粒磨损和局部疲劳剥落;随着载荷增大,摩擦因数均值变化不大,磨痕深度依次增加,磨损机制由轻微黏着磨损和磨粒磨损转变为黏着磨损、磨粒磨损和轻微氧化磨损的共同作用。     

高温下轴向柱塞泵滑靴副干滑动摩擦磨损性能*

采用Rtec摩擦磨损试验机模拟不同温度、载荷和转速等工况,研究轴向柱塞泵滑靴副在高温下干滑动的摩擦学规律。通过试验测得的摩擦因数、磨损体积和借助白光干涉三维表面轮廓仪所测得的表面形貌以及磨痕截面曲线,分析其润滑行为及摩擦磨损规律。结果表明：高温下滑靴副的摩擦因数随温度和转速的增大逐渐减小,随载荷的增大而增大;磨损体积随温度的升高先增大后减小,随载荷的增大逐渐增大,随转速的增大先减小后增大;温度和载荷对高温下磨痕的深度影响显著,转速对磨痕的深度和宽度都有影响。研究表明：在高温条件下,在温度为300 ℃、载荷为50 N、转速为75 r/min工况下滑靴副的减摩抗磨效果最好。     

深井、超深井套管磨损机理及预测技术研究

概述了近年来深井、超深井套管磨损机理及预测技术的研究动态，讨论了套管磨损主导机理及其影响因素的几种观点，重点分析了磨损效率模型的特点，明确了深井、超深井套管磨损研究的主要发展方向。     

Characterization of wear scar surfaces using combined three-dimensional topographic analysis and contact resistance measurements

In this paper, a technique for the quantitative characterization of wear scar surfaces, using combined three-dimensional topographical analysis and contact resistance measurements, is introduced. Parameters for the characterization of wear surfaces, developed during sliding of pin-on-disk specimens in oxygen at high temperature, such as wear volume, roughness, average wear depth on the disk specimen, surface coverage by wear-protective oxide layers and their distributions over the wear surface, are presented and calculated. Such analyses provide more effective data for the analysis of wear processes and wear mechanisms.This method has been applied to the analysis of dry reciprocating sliding wear of a nickel-base alloy, N80A, at temperatures to 600°C. It was found that there was usually a difference between the wear rates of the pin and the disk. This difference increased with increase in temperature, the wear of the pin being much less than that of the disk at the higher temperatures. Although the total wear of both the pin and the disk decreased considerably with increase in temperature, the damage to the disk, judged by the wear depth of the scar, was much higher at elevated temperatures than at low temperatures. The roughnesses of the wear surfaces generally increased with increase in temperature. Less than 50% coverage of the scar surfaces by wear-protective oxide layers was sufficient for the severe-to-mild wear transition. However, the distribution of the wear-protective layers over the wear surfaces was non-uniform. Most of them were concentrated near the centre of the scar, along the sliding direction, under the present conditions. These features of the wear scar surfaces were mainly related to the adhesion and compaction of wear debris particles onto the wear surfaces, leading to development of the wear-protective layers at the various temperatures.     

A Finite Element Approach to Modeling Abrasive Wear Modes

Machine components operating in sandy environments will wear because of the abrasive interaction with sand particles. In this work, a method is derived to predict the amount of wear caused by such abrasive action, in order to improve the maintenance concept of the components. A finite element model is used to simulate various tips scratching a smooth surface. The model is verified by comparing the obtained results with a set of experiments performed earlier (M. Woldman, et al., 2013, Wear, 301(1–2), pp 76–81).     

陶瓷材料磨损机制及磨损程度评价方法综述

综合分析陶瓷材料摩擦磨损的机制和影响摩擦磨损的各种因素,如表面加工状况、载荷、速度、时间、温度、润滑等。介绍几种陶瓷材料摩擦磨损程度的评定方法,如用量纲一化参数(最大赫兹接触压力、最大表面粗糙度和断裂韧性的函数Sc,硬度、最大表面粗糙度和断裂韧性的函数S*)大小评价磨损程度,用磨损表面的粗糙度Ry与平均粒径Dg的比值评价陶瓷材料磨损程度,用磨损率评价陶瓷材料磨损程度等。以期指导人们进一步认识陶瓷摩擦磨损的本质规律,有目的地调整材料的性能以提高其耐磨性。     

Wear prediction for metals

In spite of the large number of wear models found in the literature, no model can predict metal wear a priori based only on materials property data and contact information. The complexity of wear and the large number of parameters affecting the outcome are the primary reasons for this situation. This paper summarizes the current understanding of wear modelling for metals. Several recent approaches such as wear mapping and wear transition diagrams have suggested some future possible directions for improvement. Some success has been achieved in describing severe wear of steels under unlubricated conditions using thermomechanical approaches. However, modelling of mild wear remains problematic, especially under lubricated conditions. In mild wear, asperity contact events dominate the wear processes. A single asperity collision simulation apparatus has been used to study asperity-asperity contact phenomena. Shear strain and strain accumulation were found to be the dominant underlying causes for wear. It is proposed that future research in wear prediction for metals incorporate the following aspects: wear mapping, temperature, shear strain response, boundary lubricating film strength, and surface roughness.     

Wear reducing effects and temperature dependence of tribolayer formation in harsh environment

Certain materials show a tribolayer formation especially at enhanced temperatures in abrasive environment, building a wear protection layer with the abrasive on the surface. Three materials with different microstructures were tested in three-body abrasive and impact/abrasive environments at temperatures up to 700 °C to investigate tribolayer formation. Optical and electron microscopical methods were used for wear qualification. Furthermore, hot hardness tests were performed up to 700 °C to investigate the influence of hardness drop on tribolayer formation.It was shown that no significant tribolayer formation occurs on grey cast iron, whereas other materials form tribolayers. Generally, tribolayer formation increases with increasing testing temperature, especially for austenitic and ferritic materials. This entails a self-protecting effect and thus superior wear resistance in abrasive environment.     

ZTA陶瓷刀具连续切削淬硬T10A时的切削性能研究

研究两种自主研制的新型ZTA(Al2O3/Zr O2)陶瓷刀具切削淬硬T10A时的切削性能。刀具后刀面磨损量随切削深度和切削速度的增加而增大;刀具的主要磨损形态为后刀面磨损;主要磨损机理为后刀面磨粒磨损和部分粘结磨损。     

Fretting Wear Behavior of UHMWPE—Influence of Load and Stroke

In this study, the tribological behavior of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) against a GCr 15 steel ball during fretting wear conditions was investigated using an oscillating reciprocating tribometer. The aim of this study was to characterize the critical value of normal load and stroke corresponding to this transition in UHMWPE worn surface at room temperature. Results showed that there existed a critical value of load or stroke at fixed condition. The friction coefficient and wear volume loss of UHMWPE at or near the critical values of load and stroke exhibited extreme changes. Based on observation of the worn surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D surface profiler measurements, it can be found that damage to the worn surface can be linked to the contact load and stroke. In addition, results showed that during the process of fretting wear under different load or stroke conditions, the gross slip regime dominated throughout the whole test period.     

组装式滑板对地铁接触线犁削磨损的影响

在弓网载流摩擦磨损实验台上,用直流恒流电源对组装式浸金属碳滑板以及银铜合金接触线进行摩擦磨损试验,研究组装式碳滑板的接缝间隙和滑板间高度差对地铁接触线犁削磨损及滑板异常磨耗现象的影响。试验结果表明:组装式碳滑板高度差会严重刮伤接触线,是接触线犁削磨损的主要原因,而接缝间隙仅会轻微划伤接触线;80 N以上的法向力会显著减小滑板的磨损率;接缝间隙较小时更容易刮伤接触线,造成犁削磨损。分析滑板磨损表面形貌发现:存在滑板间高度差时滑板会出现机械划痕,电气磨耗和接触线材料转移也比较严重。     

Microstructure and Wear Behaviors of Plasma-Sprayed FeCrNiMoCBSi Coating with Nano-Grain Dispersed Amorphous Phase in Reciprocating Sliding Contact

A novel FeCrNiMoCBSi amorphous/nanocrystalline coating was fabricated using a plasma spraying process. The coating was dense with a low porosity of approximately 0.99%. The coating consisted of a 67.8 vol% amorphous phase coupled with many nanocrystalline grains that were approximately 5?nm in diameter. The mechanical properties of the as-sprayed coating were determined by nanoindentation measurement, and the tribological behaviors were systematically investigated in a reciprocating sliding contact. The results show that FeCrNiMoCBSi coatings possess superior wear resistance compared to other typically similar Fe-based amorphous coatings. The tribological behaviors evolve with the combination of normal load and sliding velocity. Herein, the dominant wear mechanisms are delamination wear and oxidation wear. With an increase in normal load and sliding velocity, the abrasive wear is gradually weakened, the formation of oxide films on the worn surfaces is facilitated, and wear debris is ground to powder. The oxide films suffer from fatigue wear with induced cracks undergoing reciprocating sliding effects.