感应电机驱动回转机械油膜涡动的电信号特征及其无传感器监测

提供了应用于感应电机驱动的回转机械油膜涡动无传感器监测的相关信息和方法。应用谐波场理论分析、推导了预测油膜涡动的电机电信号特征频率。鉴于电机驱动的机械系统的运动特征在电机电信号中的反映十分微弱的事实,提出应用谐波导纳提取油膜涡动特征信息的方法。实验结果及其与振动法的比较表明:推导的油膜涡动电信号特征频率很好地描述了油膜涡动与电机电信号之间的关系,而提出的谐波导纳及其估计方法可以用于识别油膜涡动的存在。     

基于谐波阻抗的感应电机系统无传感器监测方法研究

从信号处理的观点出发，结合阻抗理论和波分析，提出了感应电机系统无传感器监测的谐波阻抗和谐波导纳法，给出了获取和计算谐波阻抗和谐波导纳的方法。在鼠笼式三相感应电机上用提出的方法进行了转子推衡的实验研究，实验结果证实了方法的可行性，它与传统方法相比有更强的抗干扰能力。     

基于无传感器检测方法的机械系统扭振试验研究

为了研究无传感器检测方法用于机械系统扭转振动检测的机理及效果,建立了一个由感应电动机驱动,以直流发电机为负载的轴系扭振模拟试验台。通过控制发电机负载回路的快速通断产生轴系扭转振动,利用Hilbert变换包络谱提取电流信号中的故障信息,并与电涡流位移传感器拾取的横向振动信号进行了比较。试验和分析结果表明,电机驱动设备的机械故障信息主要以扭转振动方式耦合到定子电流中,相对于横向振动检测,无传感器检测方法更适合机械系统的扭转振动故障检测与诊断。     

变转速工况下基于多传感器信号深度特征 融合的电机故障诊断研究

本文提出一种利用多传感器信号深度特征融合的方法实现电机变转速工况下的故障诊断。首先从多传感器节点同步采集电机的多通道振动、声音和漏磁信号。对漏磁信号进行处理获取电机转子的累积转角曲线,随后利用累积转角曲线对振动和声音信号进行阶比分析处理。最后利用双层双向长短期记忆网络从经过预处理的多传感器信号中提取和融合特征以诊断电机故障。实验结果表明,通过提取和融合8通道的电机振动和声音信号,本文提出的方法能够有效识别电机的高阻接触、偏心、霍尔断线、相间短路、轴承等10类运行状态,分类准确率达到99.86%。该方法有望部署在物联网边缘计算节点中,实现电机的远程在线状态监测和故障诊断。     

统计时频谱驱动的高速自动机损伤预示方法

提出一种统计时频谱驱动的高速自动机损伤预示方法,利用瞬态冲击信号的时频分布变化检测瞬时冲击类故障。首先,从高速自动机服役性能跟踪试验中收集瞬态冲击信号;其次,计算瞬时频率特征用于表征非平稳瞬态冲击信号的演化过程;然后,建立瞬时频率特征的规范变量分析模型,提取瞬时频率间的最大相关信息,减少瞬态冲击信号间的信息歧义;最后,基于核密度估计方法确定健康状态阈值,对高速自动机的瞬时冲击响应信号进行监测。对某12.7 mm高速自动机的不同缺陷状态进行监测,验证了上述方法对瞬时冲击故障预示的有效性。     

基于谐波小波带通滤波的动不平衡信号提取研究

为了准确提取转子动不平衡信号,提出了一种基于谐波小波带通滤波的提纯方法。谐波小波具有盒形频谱和相位锁定特性,可以将信号分解到相互独立的频带空间,特定频率的成分与其他频率的信号成功被分离,再进行重构即可获得特定频率的信号。     

基于横向振动的旋转机械扭振信号提取方法

在转子系统中存在横向振动与扭转振动的耦合，扭转振动的信息被调制在横向振动之中。鉴于此，提出一种基于横向振动传感器信号提取微弱扭转振动信息的方法。通过对横向振动信号进行Hilbert振动分解得到单一成分的信号，再通过Hilbert变换从中提取相位角，分解相位角即可获得扭振信号，进而计算出原始扭振信号的幅值与频率。数值仿真和试验结果表明，该方法可以精确地获取扭振信号，具有较高的频率分辨率，试验提取得到的频率相对误差仅为0.38%，并通过工业级离心压缩机试验台验证了其工程应用的可行性。该方法可实现对未安装专门扭振测试仪的机组进行扭振补充监测，提供了一种工程扭振监测的便捷途径。     

基于工业无线技术的非侵入式电机故障诊断系统

介绍一种适用于中小型电机的在线监测与故障诊断系统,系统采用无线传感器网络技术构建电机在线监测通信平台,利用非侵入电机电流信号特征分析技术,实现了电机运行状态的在线监测和电机转子断条、匝间短路等典型故障的在线诊断,为中小型电机的在线监测与能源管理提供了一种低成本解决方案。     

无人水下航行器用双转子无刷直流电机的控制

根据无人水下航行器的任务特点,研制出无位置传感器的双转子对转无刷直流电机推进动力装置。介绍了无刷直流电机利用专门设计的转换电路,直接检测电机绕组线电压获得功率管驱动信号的方法,研究了无位置传感器无刷直流电机的起动方法,通过样机实验验证了系统设计的合理性。     

基于载波调制的光纤振动传感复用系统

提出了一种基于载波调制的光纤振动传感复用系统,其优点在于,对于感应外界扰动的不同感应光纤单元产生的干涉信号用不同频率的载波进行调制,相邻载波频率之间的频率差无需大于外界扰动引起的信号基波频率上限的两倍。各光纤感应单元形成的信号被共同的光电探测器检测后,利用信号基波来分析扰动信号的物理量,利用载波基波或谐波的边带判断感应扰动信号的光纤。     

Parameter identification and slip estimation of induction machine

This paper presents a newly developed algorithm for induction machine rotor speed estimation and parameter detection. The proposed algorithm is based on spectrum analysis of the stator current. The main idea is to find the best fit of motor parameters and rotor slip with the group of characteristic frequencies which are always present in the current spectrum. Rotor speed and parameters such as pole pairs or number of rotor slots are the results of the presented algorithm. Numerical calculations show that the method yields very accurate results and can be an important part of machine monitoring systems.     

基于旋转不变信号参数估计技术与模式搜索算法的异步电动机转子故障检测新方法

提出一种基于旋转不变信号参数估计技术(Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique,ESPRIT)与模式搜索算法(Pattern search algorithm,PSA)的异步电动机转子故障检测新方法。模拟形成转子故障情况下的定子电流信号并以之检验ESPRIT性能。结果表明:即使对于短时信号,ESPRIT仍具备高频率分辨力,可以准确估计定子电流各个分量的频率;但对其幅值、初相角的估计欠缺准确性、稳定性。随后,采用PSA确定各个频率分量的幅值、初相角。对一台异步电动机完成了转子故障检测试验,结果表明:基于ESPRIT与PSA的异步电动机转子故障检测方法是切实可行的,并且因仅需短时信号即可达到高频率分辨力而适用于负荷波动情况。     

适合变速转子的不平衡质径积搜索电磁轴承振动抑制

转子不可避免地存在质量不平衡是转子运行产生同步振动的主要原因。一种适合在变速条件的电磁轴承转子不平衡控制方法被提出。该方法能够自适应地搜索转子不平衡质径积的大小和方位,并以此为依据产生控制信号,抑制转子振动,强迫转子绕其几何中心旋转,提高转子的旋转精度。不平衡质径积是转子的固有特性,与转速无关。与基于不平衡力的控制方法相比较,在跟踪变速引起的不平衡力剧烈变化时,基于不平衡质径积的控制方法不需要频繁更新控制参数,只需要为克服系统非线性而调整控制参数。同时,该方法能根据振动抑制误差调节搜索步长,调和了搜索速度和控制精度的矛盾。试验表明,所述方法能够有效抑制转子的不平衡振动,并且在变转速条件下,大幅降低控制器的计算负荷,提高在快速变速、转子过临界等转子振动随转速变化较快应用场合的控制性能。     

Vibration component separation by iteratively using stochastic resonance with different frequency-scale ratios

It is well-known that stochastic resonance (SR) is mainly used for signal denoising and weak signal detection. In this paper, we firstly find the frequency range selection characteristic (filtering characteristic) of re-scaling frequency SR (RFSR) caused by the driving frequency limitation of bistable SR. It then follows that a novel approach to separate vibration components with different frequencies by iteratively using SR is explored. The frequencies of most vibration signals exceed the driving frequency limitation, thus by use of different frequency-scale ratios, the vibration signals with different frequency range can be extracted by RFSR. Firstly, a small frequency-scale ratio is used to obtain the vibration signal with a narrow frequency range, i.e. low frequency vibration. As the output of SR may have a phase lag, a simple phase-shift correction method is proposed to improve the accuracy of signal component separation. The phase-shift corrected signal of RFSR output is separated from the original vibration signal and the residue is treated as the new vibration signal. Then, increasing the frequency-scale ratio according to a searching algorithm, the vibration signal with higher frequency can be obtained by RFSR. Through this iterative process, several harmonic vibration components can be separated from the original noisy vibration signal. The proposed method, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert vibration decomposition (HVD) are respectively applied to analyzing a simulated vibration signal and extracting the fault feature of a rotor system. The contrastive results show that this proposed method has good frequency resolution and can successfully separate monocomponent harmonic signals from a strongly noisy multicomponent harmonic vibration signal while EMD and HVD cannot.     

Generalized modal balancing for non-isotropic rotor systems

This paper primarily aims at the new generalized modal balancing for non-isotropic rotor systems. The method is based on the derived unbalance modal responses from the complete modal analysis for non-isotropic rotor systems. We found, from investigating the modal configuration to be balanced, that the isotropic and asymmetric rotor systems appear a single 1X harmonic, whereas the anisotropic and general rotor systems appear duel and multiple harmonics, respectively. Furthermore, for the asymmetric and general rotor systems, each harmonic is combined with the multiple modal parameters. The peculiar feature for balancing the non-isotropic rotor systems is that the additional right eigenvector and counter excitation in stator to cancel the anisotropy are required to suppress effectively the total residual response. In this process, the concept of the dominant balancing mode is drawn from the definition of the major harmonic. Also it is suggested that the balancing performance is dependent upon the degree of accuracy of the unbalance modal response that is approximated by the dominant mode at a critical speed.The numerical simulations of the simple general rotor model with one balancing plane are performed to demonstrate the theoretical findings and effectiveness of the proposed method for non-isotropic rotor systems.     

Vibration response and harmonic wave propagation of ultrasonic arc drivers

A piezoelectric curvilinear arc driver designed for an ultrasonic curvilinear motor is evaluated in this study. A design of piezoelectric curvilinear arc driver is proposed and its governing equations, vibration behaviour and wave propagation are investigated. Then, analysis of forced vibration response or driving characteristics to harmonic excitations in the modal domain is conducted. Finite element modelling and analysis of the arc driver are also discussed. Analytical results of free vibration characteristics are compared favourably with the finite element results. Harmonic analyses of the three finite element models reveal changes of dynamic behaviours of three models and also imply operating frequencies with a significant travelling wave component. Parametric study of mathematical and finite element simulation results suggests that stable travelling waves can be generated to drive a rotor on the proposed curvilinear arc motor system.     

数学形态学滤波器在转子失衡识别中的应用

针对转子运行过程的动态信号中噪声干扰严重、转子失衡识别精度低的问题,利用数学形态学滤波器能够有效滤除噪声干扰、提高信号信噪比的特点,采用数学形态学滤波器和傅里叶变换相结合的方法对转子振动信号进行降噪处理,并对转子工作状态下的工频幅值、相位进行准确提取,运用加、减质量配重可以改变转子失衡状态的特性,利用影响系数法对转子失衡进行识别计算。实验结果表明,本方法在转子失衡识别中能够有效滤除多种噪声干扰,提高转子失衡识别精度。     

Detection of a static eccentricity fault in a closed loop driven induction motor by using the angular domain order tracking analysis method

In this study, a new method was presented for the detection of a static eccentricity fault in a closed loop operating induction motor driven by inverter. Contrary to the motors supplied by the line, if the speed and load, and therefore the amplitude and frequency, of the current constantly change then this also causes a continuous change in the location of fault harmonics in the frequency spectrum. Angular Domain Order Tracking analysis (AD-OT) is one of the most frequently used fault diagnosis methods in the monitoring of rotating machines and the analysis of dynamic vibration signals. In the presented experimental study, motor phase current and rotor speed were monitored at various speeds and load levels with a healthy and static eccentricity fault in the closed loop driven induction motor with vector control. The AD-OT method was applied to the motor current and the results were compared with the traditional FFT and Fourier Transform based Order Tracking (FT-OT) methods. The experimental results demonstrate that AD-OT method is more efficient than the FFT and FT-OT methods for fault diagnosis, especially while the motor is operating run-up and run-down. Also the AD-OT does not incur any additional cost for the user because in inverter driven systems, current and speed sensor coexist in the system. The main innovative parts of this study are that AD-OT method was implemented on the motor current signal for the first time.