搭接长度对胶接接头工作应力分布影响的数值分析

运用弹塑性有限元法对单搭接金属胶接接头承载后的应力分布特征进行分析，重点研究搭接长度对分别采用酚醛树脂和丙烯酸酯制备的接头应力分布和接头强度的影响。结果表明，胶粘剂的性能对应力分布有较大影响，酚醛树脂胶粘剂制备的接头中胶瘤承担了相当多的载荷，且随搭接长度的增加,von Mises等效应力峰值和剪切应力峰值均趋于向胶层内转移，胶层中各部位的应力亦均有下降；当采用丙烯酸酯胶制备的接头时，胶瘤承载作用并不明显，其应力峰值出现在胶层中被粘物拐角处。     

不锈钢0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti焊接接头的蠕变行为探讨

利用低温破坏测试方法研究了0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢焊接接头的蠕变行为,并对试样断口进行了电镜扫描,以获得该不锈钢焊接接头的蠕变行为与温度和应力的关系。结果表明：随着温度的提高,空洞尺寸趋于增大,空洞密度增加,脆性断裂面的比例降低;应力对空洞尺寸和密度的影响与温度对其的影响类似,但温度对蠕变行为的影响较应力对其的影响要明显。     

胶焊搭接接头的应力分布和疲劳行为研究

考察了胶焊接头焊点区的结构组成和硬度分布,建立了胶焊接头的计算模型,模型中计人了若干结构细节,使之与实际接头更为接近。计算并对比研究了胶焊和点焊、胶焊和胶接接头中的应力。通过疲劳试验获得了三种接头的－Ｎ曲线,研究了三种接头的疲劳性能和断裂特征。结果表明,数值分析所得应力与疲劳性能试验结果及试验现象吻合良好。在电阻点焊接头中采用胶粘剂,可大大改善电阻点焊接头的疲劳性能,而焊点对胶接接头的疲劳性能有不利影响。     

Determination of creep constitutive model for 28-48WCo alloy based on experimental creep tests at 817–982 °C

The high-chromium high-nickel alloy is widely used as a heat-resistant material for components in plants under elevated temperatures, and thus, prediction of its creep deformation and rupture life is required for safe design. In this study, a creep constitutive model for the 28-48WCo alloy was determined by employing the Sherby-Dorn equation. Creep deformation tests were conducted at temperatures of 817, 871, 927 and 982 °C, under an applied stress ranging from 27.58 to 82.74 MPa. High temperature tension tests were also conducted to measure the change in elastic modulus with temperature variation. The model provided good predictability of the minimum creep strain rate in the range of experimental test conditions, with a coefficient of determination of 0.92. The creep rupture life was characterized using the Larson-Miller parameter. Creep design curves were proposed to estimate the creep rupture life of the 28-48WCo alloy at a temperature range of 817–982 °C.     

Creep analysis of adhesively bonded single lap joint using finite element method

Adhesive joints are being used widely in engineering industries due to the increasing demand for designing lightweight structures. Because of the physical properties of the most adhesives, they creep even at room temperature. Therefore, the creep behavior of a single lap adhesive joint is studied in this paper. For this purpose, using the experimental data, creep constitutive equations for the adhesive has been obtained. Then, these equations have been employed to investigate the creep behavior of the joint. The results show that due to the creep straining, the stresses in the joint corners, decrease. However, creep strain accumulates in these areas which this in turn may lead to separation of adhesive from adherent. In order to eliminate the effect of strain accumulation, two modifying methods have been proposed in this paper: increasing the layer thickness and using filleted joints.     

考虑弯曲效应的混元胶接单搭接头应力模型

混元胶接接头是利用多种不同剪切弹性模量的胶层来传递被粘物载荷的单搭接头。它兼具胶层连续性连接和降低端头应力集中等优点,因此能充分利用被粘物材料性能(如复合材料)以提高接头强度。以典型双元胶接接头为对象,考虑加载作用线偏心引起的弯曲效应和胶层剥离正应力,建立被粘物为各向同性的线弹性双元胶接接头应力解析模型。理论模型中的胶层切应力、剥离正应力和上被粘物纵向正应力与精细有限元模型吻合得较好,证实了理论模型的正确性。参数研究中确定了影响混元胶层应力分布的关键耦合参数。     

Wettability characterization and adhesion enhancement of arc-treated surface of aluminum alloys

The aim of this study is to determine the wettability-enhancing effects of an atmospheric pressure, direct current (DC) plasma arc discharge on the surface of aluminum alloys. Wettability is a critical factor in engineering applications such as biomedical implants, painting, and adhesive bonding. For example, in the realm of adhesive bonding, greater wettability improves a metal substrate's attraction to an adhesive material and results in a higher bond quality. In this study, the contact angle was determined and compared as a measure of the wettability using two different techniques: the sessile drop and the ballistic deposition with water as a test liquid. The effect of different arc discharge process parameters on the wettability, including arc current and plasma torch velocity, was studied. A two-dimensional finite element analysis based on the volume-of-fluid model was carried out to explore the behavior of droplet (e.g., spreading and stabilization) on an ideal surface. Additionally, the values of the dynamic receding contact angle were measured through the simulation by applying the tilted plate method and considering the surface roughness to compare the results with the values obtained from the ballistic deposition method. Studying the wettability alteration of the surface of aluminum alloys subjected to the arc treatment revealed the wettability reduction over time. Additionally, it was found that there was a linear correlation between the contact angle value and the strength of adhesively bonded joints using two structural adhesives. The results of this study in the wettability modification of aluminum subjected to the arc treatment and wettability alteration of the treated substrate over time may be used as a quality assurance tool to design the production process and achieve the desired quality and strength in adhesively bonded joints.     

一种考虑胶瘤的胶接简化有限元模型:应力与刚度分析

胶接接头中总存在胶瘤,由于建模复杂,胶接接头有限元分析中胶瘤常被忽略.但胶瘤能减少峰值应力,提高结构强度和刚度.为此,提出一种简化的胶接有限元模型,即用壳单元代表胶瘤,体单元代表被粘体和胶层,并用弹性理论建立壳单元等效厚度公式.以体单元精细模型结果作为对比的真实解,考察五种载荷工况下,单搭接头简化有限元模型的胶层应力和刚度.分析表明,壳单元等效厚度公式正确,胶接简化有限元模型精度高,可用于诸如汽车等大型结构中;用壳单元简单模型可定量分析胶瘤大小和形状对接头应力和总体刚度性能的影响.     

Failure behavior of inclined thick adhesive joints with manufacturing defect

In this paper, numerical model of thick adhesive inclined joints has been prepared and validated against experimental test to study the effect of manufacturing defect on the joint strength. The inclined joint was made up of two laminate webs attached to a wedge by a layer of adhesive. Tensile tests were conducted on many thick adhesive joint specimens with two different geometries. One half of the symmetric test specimen was then modeled using finite element analysis in which cohesive zone modeling (CZM) was used to simulate the initiation and propagation of joint fracture. The progressive fracture through the adhesive layer and along adhesive-laminate interface was carefully examined. Based on inspection of the experimental test specimen, potential manufacturing defect types and locations were incorporated in the finite element model. The reduction in strength due to these manufacturing defects was used to predict the most critical flaw type in thick inclined joints. The differences between the “flawless” numerical model and the experimental test specimen was explained when these manufacturing defects were incorporated. The results were found to be consistent with the experimental tests.

     

有间隙胶接劈裂接头应力分布的数值模拟

建立了有间隙胶接劈裂接头的有限元模型，并运用弹塑性有限元法，研究了间隙位置和长度对劈裂接头胶层中部应力分布的影响。研究结果表明：合理的间隙不仅对劈裂接头的应力峰值和接头的承载能力无明显影响，而且有利于提高接头的胶接质量；间隙的中心位置对接头的应力峰值影响显著，而间隙长度对接头的应力峰值无明显影响；当接头末端无胶层时，因应力峰值显著增大，可能导致接头的名叉强度降低。     

考虑高温蠕变损伤的2．25CrlMo钢的弹塑性本构模型

考虑造成蠕变损伤的物理机制,结合损伤力学理论,利用Ramberg—Osgood弹塑性本构方程,推导了含有蠕变损伤的材料弹塑性本构模型。对225CrlMo钢进行了相同条件不同时长的蠕变试验以得到不同蠕变损伤的材料,并对这些材料进行高温短时拉伸,得到不同损伤对应的应力应变曲线。并用试验数据及文献数据对模型进行了验证。     

汽轮机转子钢蠕变损伤的非线性超声评价

超超临界汽轮机高温部件长期服役会产生蠕变损伤,威胁设备的强度安全,快速、有效地检出高温构件蠕变损伤状况对保证设备服役安全意义重大。采用中断蠕变试验,在实验室模拟获得了汽轮机转子钢FB2不同程度的蠕变损伤,进行损伤后试样的非线性超声纵波表征试验。结果表明:非线性超声参量随转子钢FB2蠕变损伤程度的增加而增大;透射电镜微观分析表明,超声非线性参量增大与位错密度增加有关;非线性超声纵波参量与高应力水平下的位错攀移和低应力水平下的位错滑移存在较好的函数关系。进一步以位错密度为中间量,建立非线性参量22 1A A和稳态蠕变变形速率ε?的关联式。     

A finite element study of the indentation mechanics of an adhesively bonded layered solid

The objective of this work is to study the mechanics of indentation of an adhesively bonded layered solid. To this end, several (plane strain) finite element simulations of wedge indentation of a ductile strip which is adhesively bonded to a rigid substrate are conducted by varying the properties of the adhesive layer. The stress fields below the indenter tip and at the strip-adhesive interface are examined for various depths of indentation. The effects of the adhesive properties on the above features of the finite element solution, as well as on the hardness versus penetration characteristics, are investigated. The above results are also compared with those for an unbonded strip resting on a frictionless surface. It is found that once yielding commences in the adhesive layer, the state of stress in it is comprised of a shear stress and a superposed hydrostatic compression. Also, it is observed that increasing the yield strength of the adhesive layer significantly delays the onset of the decreasing phase of the hardness versus penetration curve, whereas, changing the elastic modulus of the adhesive has negligible effect on it.     

Creep behavior of Alloy 617 in high temperature air and helium environments–effect of oxidation damage

The creep behavior of a nickel-base superalloy, Alloy 617, which is considered as a candidate material for the very high temperature gas cooled reactor, was studied. Creep rupture tests were carried out at 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C in static and flowing helium environments as well as in air. Creep rupture life in static helium was longer than that in air, while it was shorter in flowing helium environments. Microstructure observation of the creep tested specimens showed that the shorter creep rupture life in flowing helium was associated with the thicker oxide layer, greater decarburization depth, and deeper internal oxidation happened during the creep tests. The degree of such oxidation damage was quantified for the creep tested specimens and correlated with the creep rupture life in different environments.     

补片形状和尺寸对复合材料胶接修补的影响

与传统的机械修补技术相比,复合材料胶接修补具有结构增重小、可设计性强、成形简单和成本低等明显的优点。因此,复合材料胶接修补技术已成功地应用于一些军用和民用飞机的受损结构。借助于ANSYS软件,以三维逐渐损伤理论为依据,分别建立含不同形状补片的复合材料胶接修补模型,其中母板和补片采用正交各向异性损伤模型,胶层采用各向同性损伤模型。在单向拉伸载荷作用下,同时考虑层合板和胶层的损伤形式和扩展趋势,确定层合板的最终失效载荷,并与已有文献进行对比,验证模型的正确性。损伤模型计算结果表明,补片的形状和尺寸均是胶接修补的重要设计参数,其对层合板的最终失效载荷影响显著。斜放的方形补片的修补效果较佳,当对方形补片进行圆角化处理时,受损层合板的拉伸承载能力得到提高。     

Cu颗粒增强复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂及强化机理

测定不同应力和温度下Cu颗粒增强复合钎料及基体钎料钎焊接头蠕变寿命,分析Cu颗粒增强复合钎料及其基体钎料63Sn37Pb钎焊接头蠕变断裂机理。结果表明：Cu颗粒增强复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变寿命优于基体钎料。Cu颗粒表面金属间化合物形成及Cu颗粒对富Pb层阻碍作用是复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变性能改善的主要因素。钎焊接头铜基板上一薄层富Pb相的形成是蠕变裂纹产生的根源。     

The free vibration analysis and optimal design of an adhesively bonded functionally graded single lap joint

In this study, three-dimensional free vibration and stress analyses of an adhesively bonded functionally graded single lap joint were carried. The effects of the adhesive material properties, such as modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio and density were found to be negligible on the first ten natural frequencies and mode shapes of the adhesive joint. Both the finite element method and the back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) method were used to investigate the effects of the geometrical parameters, such as overlap length, plate thickness and adhesive thickness; and the material composition variation through the plate thickness on the natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal strain energy of the adhesive joint. The suitable ANN models were trained successfully using a series of free vibration and stress analyses for various random geometrical parameters and compositional gradient exponents. The ANN models showed that the support length, the plate thickness and the compositional gradient exponent played important role on the natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal strain energies of the adhesive joint whereas the adhesive thickness had a minor effect. In addition, the optimal joint dimensions and compositional gradient exponent were determined using genetic algorithm and ANN models so that the maximum natural frequency and the minimum modal strain energy conditions are satisfied for each natural frequency of the adhesively bonded functionally graded single lap joint.     

胶黏剂黏弹性对粘贴式FBG应变传递的影响

考虑到FBG传感器用于机床应变监测时,胶黏剂蠕变对静态载荷下FBG应变传递的影响,研究了胶黏剂线黏弹性对粘贴式FBG应变传递的影响规律。基于粘贴层为线黏弹性材料重新建立了粘贴式FBG应变传递模型,并将粘贴层简化为三参量固体模型,得到了粘贴式FBG传感器瞬时和准静态的应变传递关系。然后,通过理论和实验分析了粘贴长度、宽度、高度和中间层厚度对瞬时和准静态应变传递的影响。实验结果表明:在恒定应力作用下,黏接剂蠕变会导致FBG的应变随时间而变化,当粘贴长度在30mm以上时,FBG应变传递率随时间的变化在4%左右;当粘贴长度为15mm时,应变传递率变化接近7%。分析该结果得出:适当增加粘贴长度,减小粘贴中间层厚度可以减小胶黏剂蠕变对应变传递的影响。该结论对基于粘贴式FBG的高精密测量具有指导意义。     

考虑高温蠕变的螺栓和法兰材料的选配*

螺栓和法兰材料的选择是影响螺栓法兰接头密封性能的重要因素,特别是在高温条件下服役,螺栓法兰发生蠕变的情况下。分别选择法兰蠕变速率大于螺栓蠕变速率以及小于螺栓蠕变速率的两组配合方式,通过传热分析、热-结构耦合分析以及高温蠕变分析,对比研究其密封性能。结果表明:螺栓蠕变和法兰蠕变都会引起螺栓应力重新分配,随着时间延长螺栓蠕变的累积会导致螺栓截面应力越来越均匀;但法兰蠕变的累积会降低法兰刚度,致使偏转角增大进而导致螺栓内外侧受力相差越来越大;法兰蠕变速率越大,法兰整体刚度下降越快,法兰服役周期越短,因此选择高温服役的螺栓法兰接头材料时,选取的法兰材料蠕变速率不能太大,且抗蠕变性能要比螺栓材料强。