Investigation of using possibility of grape pomace in wafer sheet for wheat flour substitution

In this study, grape pomace (GP), a by-product consisting of grape skins and seeds rich in dietary fibres and polyphenols, was used in wafer sheets at different concentrations [5.00 (GP5), 10.0 (GP10), and 15.0 g 100 g⁻¹ (GP15)] for the partial replacement of wheat flour (WF) and improve the functionality of wafer sheets. The GP inclusion at concentrations higher than 5.00 g 100 g⁻¹ significantly affected the texture of sheets as well as the flow behaviour of batters, resulting in softer sheets and more viscous batters (P < 0.05). Moisture contents did not significantly change after GP addition (P > 0.05). After the addition of GP, the L* values decreased and the a* values increased, making the wafers darker (P < 0.05). Moreover, under simulated in vitro digestion conditions, the bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds in saliva, gastric juice, and intestinal juice was significantly higher than control even at the lowest GP concentration (P < 0.05). Regarding sensory properties, only smoothness and crispness were significantly affected by GP addition, and samples were found to be crisper with higher concentrations of GP. In conclusion, it is possible to partially replace the WF in wafers with GP at a concentration of 5.00 g 100 g⁻¹ to develop a product with higher functionality and nutrient content.     

Utilising grape juice processing by-products as bulking and colouring agent in white chocolate

In this study, grape pomace (mixture of grape seeds and skins) powder (GPP), obtained from grape processing, was used at different concentrations [10.0 (GPP10), 20.0 (GPP10) and 30.0 (GPP10) g/100 g] in white chocolate formulation for the partial replacement of sucrose. The results indicated that GPP addition at a higher concentration (>10.0 g/100 g) significantly affected the particle size, moisture content, texture and flow behaviour of white chocolate samples (P < 0.05). However, using GPP at a concentration of 10.0 g/100 g had advantages for physicochemical and flow properties. As expected, under simulated in vitro digestion conditions, the bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds in saliva, gastric juice and intestinal juice for GPP10 samples was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, results of the study showed that it was possible to partially replace the sucrose with GPP at a concentration of 10.0 g/100 g in white chocolate formulations.     

The comprehensive investigation of the room temperature ionic liquid additives in PVC based polymer inclusion membrane for Cr(VI) transport

This study is to perform the comprehensive investigation of PVC based ionic plasticized membrane (IPM) production by using room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)‐based additives and the membrane application of selective Cr(VI) removal. Some significant parameters related to membrane structures that are membrane thickness, plasticizer rate, and type, RTILs rate, and type, the average molecular weight of PVC were studied to define the excellent polymeric membrane film composition. After that, the PVC based polymeric film used in the Cr(VI) transport and initial mass transfer coefficient (J_o) were about 3.57 × 10^?7 mol s^?1 m^?2 by decyl substituted RTIL as an additive. Also, optimized membrane transport process has been considered as selective enough for Cr(VI) in the presence of the other heavy metal ions. Surface characterizations of the membranes have been performed to clarify the structural and the morphological assessment of IPMs at initial and end of Cr(VI) transport by SEM‐EDX, AFM, contact angle measurement and found a good relationship between the molecular structure of RTIL additive and membrane morphology. As we know that lots of researchers are still trying to find environmentally friendly, inexpensive and straightforward processes to remove toxic substances from industrial effluents or natural sources. At that point, our results can open a gate for cheap, novel and environmentally friendly Cr(VI) removal by PVC based membrane. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E107–E119, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

The fuzzy logic-based modeling of a micro-scale sloped solar chimney power plant

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - The energy demand of world is increasing worldwide because of increasing population and developing technology. The use of environmentally friendly...     

Effect of Boronizing on Operating Stability of Steel AISI 304L under Erosion Impact of Hard Particles

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The effect of solid boronizing at 950°C for 2 and 4 h on the phase composition, microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear of steel AISI 304L is studied...     

Effect of Sintering Duration on Some Properties of Pure Magnesium

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics - Tribological and physical properties of pure magnesium (Mg) are investigated during sintering for 2, 4, and 6 h at the temperature of 600°C. The pure...     

Textile supercapacitors‐based on MnO2/SWNT/conducting polymer ternary composites

This paper describes a simple and fast process for the fabrication of flexible and textile‐based supercapacitors. Symmetric electrodes made up of binder‐free ternary composites of manganese oxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and a conducting polymer (either polyaniline (PANI) or poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)) were layer‐by‐layer deposited onto cotton substrates by dip coating method. Solid‐state supercapacitor devices were assembled using a gel electrolyte. Specific capacitances of 294 F/g and 246 F/g were obtained for MnO₂/SWNT/PANI and MnO₂/SWNT/PEDOT:PSS ternary nanocomposite supercapacitors, respectively. Power densities for these supercapacitors were 746.5 W/kg and 640.5 W/kg for MnO₂/SWNT/PANI and MnO₂/SWNT/PEDOT:PSS, respectively. Good capacity retention (more than 70%) upon cycling over 1000 times was achieved for both electrode compositions. Supercapacitors demonstrated in this work would be well suited as disposable power sources for wearable and intelligent textiles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental study of a micro-scale sloped solar chimney power plant

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Solar chimney power plants (SCPP) are structures that have the potential to generate a significant amount of electrical energy without harming the...