轻合金钣金件覆层板成形及研究现状

覆层板成形是在成形板一侧或两侧覆上相同或不同材料板材（称之为覆板）,成形过程通过覆板改变成形板材受力状态及变形规律,从而进一步提高成形板材的成形性能和成形质量,是复杂形状轻合金钣金件常见成形方法之一。轻合金钣金件覆层板成形过程,覆板性能及对成形板的作用规律是其成形可行性的关键,本文介绍了轻合金钣金件覆层板成形原理,总结了覆板厚度、力学性能及与成形板间的界面摩擦等因素对其成形过程的影响及研究现状,并对存在的问题及发展趋势进行了展望。     

塑料模具超塑性材料及成形研究

本文研究、制造了四种铝基耐磨、耐蚀塑料模具超塑性合金-Al-13Si、Al-10Si-1Mg、Al-7 Si-1.5 Cu-0.7 Mg 和Al-8.2 Mg-4.7 Si。通过超塑性拉伸试验证明,四种合金均显示出超塑性能。研究了四种合金的超塑化工艺并给出了合金的最佳超塑工艺参数。模具超塑成形试验解决了铝基超塑合金高温成形时的脱模、润滑及成形后的清洗问题。试验结果表明,四种合金都具有良好的超塑成形性能、光洁度高、复制性能好,是较为理想的塑料模具超塑性成形材料。     

脉冲电流加热对纳米晶合金Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_1Mo_2Si_(13.5)B_9组织、磁性与脆性的影响

采用脉冲电流加热纳米晶合金Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_1Mo_2Si_(13.5)B_9,研究了合金纳米晶化后的组织、磁性与脆性的影响。结果表明,脉冲电流加热可制备出晶粒尺寸8～15nm的纳米晶,其软磁性能达到甚至超过等温晶化法制备的纳米晶,且韧性得到明显改善。     

脉冲电流加热对纳米晶合金Fe73.5Cu1Nb1Mo2Si13.5B9组织,磁？…

采用脉冲电流加热的纳米晶合金Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ１Ｍｏ２Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９,研究了合金纳米晶化后的组织,磁性与脆性的影响,结果表明,脉冲电流加热可制备出晶粒尺寸８～１５ｎｍ的纳米晶,其软磁性能达到甚至超过等晶化法制备的纳米晶,且韧性得到明显改善。     

轧态Zn-5Al-RE合金的超塑性研究

用恒载荷法研究了轧态Zn-5Al-RE合金的组织超塑性和相变超塑性的蠕变特征，测定了轧态Zn-5Al-RE合金超塑变形的激活能Q值和应变速率敏感指数m值。试验结果表明：当载荷减小、温度降低和淬火保温时间延长时，组织超塑性变形中稳态蠕变阶段延长；粗晶粒可降低组织超塑性变形时的伸长率，但对相变超塑性变形的伸长率影响不大；组织超塑性变形的m值大于相变超塑性变形的m值；轧态Zn-5Al-RE合金的表观激活能略大于Zn-5Al-RE合金的激活能。     

激光选区熔化钛铝合金裂纹形成机理及抑制研究

裂纹是激光选区熔化成形TiAl合金时最常见、破坏性最大的一种缺陷。以Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb合金粉末为成形材料,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析及残余应力检测等检测方法,研究SLM成形TiAl合金过程中裂纹的形成机理及抑制方法。研究结果表明:SLM成形TiAl合金的裂纹为冷裂纹,具有穿晶断裂的特征。由于SLM成形过程中的快速加热冷却,成形件内部残余应力高于材料的抗拉强度,导致了裂纹的形成。裂纹多起源于试样侧面边缘粉末黏结、缺口等缺陷存在的地方,此外,合金试样内部含有大量的α2脆性相及孔隙,也有利于裂纹产生和拓展。随着基板预热温度逐渐提升到300℃,一方面温度梯度减小使得材料热胀冷缩减弱,试样内部的残余应力由(267.2±13.4) MPa降低到(172.6±8.6) MPa;另一方面,预热导致β相稳定性提高,α2脆性相的含量减少,最终使得试样中的裂纹数量和尺寸明显得到控制,试样的相对致密度也由87.64%上升到93.84%。     

等离子电弧加热弯曲精确成形试验

为了实现等离子电弧加热的精确弯曲成形,采用等离子电弧沿直线对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板材进行加热弯曲成形试验,并用CMOS1303uc数字相机等硬件和相关软件在等离子电弧加热弯曲成形的过程中对弯曲角度进行实时检测,实现了对成形过程的闭环控制。试验结果表明:当扫描次数较少时,板材弯曲角度随扫描次数增加近似呈线性增大;当扫描次数较多时,由于增厚效应的影响,单次扫描弯曲角度的增量会不断减小,弯曲效率明显降低。为了确保加工过程的可靠性并提高成形效率,根据加工余量的不同将成形过程分为粗、中、精三个加工阶段,各个阶段分别采用不同的工艺参数进行加工,通过弯曲角度分别为20°和30°的不锈钢薄板的成形试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于超声辅助对TA1板材渐进成形性能的研究

钛及其合金因具有小密度、高比强度、且具有较好的生物相容性等优点，被广泛应用各个领域。将超声辅助渐进成形工艺应用到TA1钛合金板材的渐进成形过程当中，利用Abaqus有限元软件模拟超声辅助渐进成形的过程，并分析了在成形过程中成形力减少的原因，研究了不同的振动参数和工艺参数对TA1钛合金板材成形力影响的规律。结果表明，超声振动可显著降低成形过程中的成形力，为超声振动应用于TA1钛合金板材的渐进成形提供了相关依据。对拓展钛合金板材渐进成形工艺应用具有重要意义。     

热丝辅助电弧增材Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金组织与性能研究

电弧增材制造技术可以缩短生产周期,降低成本,实现铝合金的快速成形,但存在结构内部含有较多气孔及晶粒粗大的问题。热丝辅助电弧增材制造(HWAAM)可以有效降低气孔率和细化晶粒,进一步提高电弧增材制造Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的性能。采用热丝电弧增材制造技术制备了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金,利用拉伸试验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等实验方法,研究了电弧增材制造Al-Cu-Mg-Ag铝合金的气孔缺陷、显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,与冷丝成形合金相比,热丝辅助电弧增材制造Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金气孔率降低25%,气孔球形度增加,空间分布较为均匀;同时晶粒尺寸降低30%,晶粒形貌趋于等轴晶化。冷丝结构件抗拉强度为218 MPa,屈服强度为134 MPa,延伸率为3.2%,使用热丝电弧增材制造后,力学性能提高,其抗拉强度提升至242 MPa,屈服强度提高至148 MPa,延伸率4.2%。最后,分别采用固溶+时效和人工时效热处理工艺,进一步改善了热丝辅助成形Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的力学性能。固溶与时效热处理后抗拉强度达到368 MPa,延伸率下降至0.5%,时效热...     

纳米晶精密电铸技术的研究

采用高频脉冲电流、高速冲液及加入有机添加剂等细化晶粒方法，开展了纳米晶精密电铸技术的试验研究。分析、研究了过程参数及添加剂对沉积层的晶粒尺寸及微观硬度和耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明，采用上述细化晶粒方法，可制备出晶粒最小尺寸为20nm的电铸沉积层；随着晶粒尺寸的减小，沉积层微观硬度和耐腐蚀性能得到了明显提高。     

LED结温精密测量及相关因素分析

分析了LED结温精密测量中测量电流、加热电流、加热时间等三项测量因素的变化对所测结温的影响。实验采用小电流K系数法测试结温。实验结果表明:1W LED被测样品,当测量电流在0～30mA时结温逐渐升高,当测量电流超过30mA时结温趋于稳定;LED样品的结温数据与加热电流呈近似线性变化,表明能够通过加热电流对LED结温及相关光学性能实现线性调控。同时研究表明,结温精密测量还受到加热时间的影响,测得LED器件稳定的结温需要一定的加热时间。     

Finite element simulation and experimental research on electric hot machining

Electric hot machining (EHM) can improve cutting performance through heating resistance, which softens the material in the deformation zone. In this study, an empirical formula for heating resistance is presented, and its variance with the orthogonal regression experiments is analyzed. The results show that heating resistance increases with cutting speed and heat current but decreases as feed rate and cutting depth increase. Feed rate has the greatest influence on heating resistance. Furthermore, an empirical formula with finite element simulation (FES) is constructed to describe the temperature increase triggered by Joule heating of the heating resistance. Both three-dimensional (3D) FES and experimental verification of the cutting force and the temperature field during the EHM process are conducted, combined with a 3D cutting model and an Umbrello constitutive relation. The results show that a lower cutting force can be achieved when the heating current is greater than or equal to 160 A. The chip in the deformation zone has the highest temperature, and the optimal heating current for optimal cutting temperature is 168 to 190 A.     

利用导电加热切削抑制积屑瘤和鳞刺的研究

通过导电加热的温度补偿，导电加热切削能有效抑制金属切削表面的积屑瘤和鳞刺。刀－工接触区的温升与加热电流密切相关，存在一个与最佳切削温度相适应的最佳加热电流值范围。     

导电加热切削最佳加热电流的确定

对导电加热切削的最佳温度及最佳加热电流进行了分析，在用 耐用度确定最佳加热电流方法基础上，提出一种基于最佳切削温度守恒定以确定最佳加热电流的新方法，该方法可迅速确定不同切削条件下的最佳加热电流，为导电加热切削过程提供了优化控制依据。     

A high-temperature and high-field nuclear magnetic resonance instrument

In the course of constructing an apparatus suitable for studies of nuclear magnetic resonance at high temperatures and high fields we developed a furnace with a new heating element which has been applied for the first time to NMR studies. The furnace can work in a 8-T field of a superconducting magnet system at temperatures up to 2200 K. Because of its geometrical form the heating element does not cause any measurable disturbing magnetic fields resulting from the heating current, and has many advantages compared to conventional heating elements. The temperature at which, up to this moment, we could observe NMR in external fields of 8 T amounts to 1200 K. The specifically adapted NMR probe works at radio frequencies up to 50 MHz. With this apparatus we carried out measurements of the magnitude, sign, and temperature dependence of the Knight shift of Mo in molybdenum metal.     

Design, manufacture, and analysis of metal foam electrical resistance heater

This paper presents a novel concept using the radial heating element made from porous Fe–Cr–Al metal foam in an air heater. Electrical resistance heating has been used extensively to convert the electrical energy into thermal energy. An analytic heat transfer model is first developed to estimate dimensions of the heating element. Four prototype Fe–Cr–Al metal foam electrical heaters with different levels of porosity and density are built. A more detailed computational fluid dynamics modeling of prototype heaters to include the temperature loss to the surroundings is developed. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the effects of airflow rates and electrical current and measure the change of air inlet and outlet temperatures. The experimental temperature measurements show reasonably good agreement with modeling predictions. Finally, improvements to the initial concept are discussed.     

Optical cell with periodic resistive heating for the measurement of heat, mass, and thermal diffusions in liquid mixtures

A new technique for the measurement of heat, mass, and thermal diffusions in liquids has been developed. Similar to laser induced dynamic gratings, a temperature grating is created in the sample. Thermal expansion transforms the temperature into a refractive-index grating, which is read by diffraction of a readout laser beam. In a multicomponent mixture an additional concentration grating is formed by thermal diffusion driven by the temperature gradients of the temperature grating. Differently to laser induced dynamic grating experiments we use Joule heating instead of optical heating. For that purpose we have built cuvettes which have a grating of transparent conducting strips on the inner side of one of their windows. If heated by an electric current a temperature grating will build up in the sample. Both the heat equation and the extended diffusion equation have been solved in two dimensions to allow for quantitative data analysis. Our apparatus and method of analysis have been validated by measurements of heat, mass, and thermal diffusions in pure and binary liquids. Heat diffusion can be correctly determined as was shown for pure toluene, pure dodecane, and the symmetric mixture of isobutylbenzene dodecane. Mass and thermal diffusions were studied in the three symmetric mixtures of dodecane, isobutylbenzene, and tetralin. The obtained diffusion and Soret coefficients agree with the literature values within the experimental errors. Uncompensated transient heating effects limit the resolution of the experimental technique.     

刀具夹头感应加热的温度模型研究

介绍了透入式感应加热原理,论述了加热温度与线圈电流、频率之间的关系,建立了45钢型热装刀具夹头加热的温度模型,给出了工频加热的理论依据,为刀柄热缩机的设计提供理论参考与数据支持。     

Effect of pulse current on thermal performance and deep drawing of SiCp/2024Al composite sheet

The effect of pulse current on heating performance and thermal deep drawing of SiCp/2024Al composite sheets was studied in this work. The high-intensity pulse current flows through the sheet and generates the tremendous Joule heat. The heating performance and temperature distribution were investigated to confirm process parameters. The temperature of specimen is up to around 673 K at a rate of 13.5 K/s under the current density of 21.7 A/mm². The stainless steel inserts make temperature difference reduced by 73.3 %. Moreover, the workpiece was successfully deep drawn and exhibited good surface quality. The dimensional accuracy achieved within ±0.2 mm.     

电流大小对TC4钛合金高温压缩力学行为的影响分析

为了研究电流大小对TC4钛合金高温压缩力学行为的影响,利用Gleeble-1500D动态热-力学模拟机,以电流作为加热源,分别以不同的升温速度将晶粒尺寸为8μm、16μm和20μm的TC4小圆柱体试样加热至700℃进行恒温压缩。结果表明：升温阶段的电流大小对应力影响大,大电流有利于塑性变形。电流降低了恒温变形阶段材料的动态再结晶温度,促进动态再结晶软化,降低变形抗力,有利于塑性变形,电流越大效果越明显。